2026年天文英語專業(yè)詞匯試題含答案一、單選題（共10題，每題2分，共20分）說明：每題提供四個選項，請選擇最符合題意的答案。1.WhatisthetermfortheapparentpathoftheSunacrosstheskythroughouttheyear?A.EclipticB.ZenithC.NadirD.Meridian2.Whichofthefollowingdescribesacelestialobjectthatorbitsastarbutisnotmassiveenoughtosustainnuclearfusion?A.PlanetB.StarC.DwarfPlanetD.Comet3.Thephenomenonwherelightfromadistantstarisbentbythegravityofamassiveobjectbetweenthestarandtheobserveriscalled:A.GravitationalLensingB.OccultationC.ParallaxD.Supernova4.WhatisthetermforthepointinthesolarsystemwheretheEarth'sorbitalspeedisslowest?A.AphelionB.PerihelionC.SolsticeD.Equinox5.Astronomersusetheterm"redshift"todescribe:A.TheshiftingofspectrallinestowardlongerwavelengthsB.ThemovementofcelestialobjectsawayfromEarthC.ThefadingofstarlightoverdistanceD.Theappearanceofstarsindifferentcolors6.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopeprimarilyobserveswhichtypeofelectromagneticradiation?A.RadioWavesB.InfraredC.UltravioletD.X-rays7.Whatisthetermfortheregionaroundablackholewherematterispulledinbutlightcannotescape?A.AccretionDiskB.EventHorizonC.ErgosphereD.Perihelion8.Thestudyofthedistributionandevolutionofgalaxiesintheuniverseisknownas:A.CosmologyB.PlanetaryScienceC.StellarAstrophysicsD.ExtragalacticAstronomy9.Astronomersmeasurethebrightnessofstarsusingthemagnitudescale,whereasmallernumberindicates:A.BrighterAppearanceB.DimmerAppearanceC.HigherTemperatureD.GreaterDistance10.WhatisthetermforthepointwheretheEarth'sequatorialplaneintersectstheeclipticplane?A.SolsticeB.EquinoxC.CelestialPolesD.OrbitalInclination二、填空題（共10題，每題2分，共20分）說明：請根據(jù)題意填寫合適的英文單詞。1.TheforcethatkeepsplanetsinorbitaroundtheSuniscalled________.2.Ahighlyluminous,temporaryastronomicaleventcausedbytheexplosionofamassivestariscalleda________.3.TheapparentchangeinthepositionofnearbystarsduetotheEarth'smotionisknownas________.4.Theoutermostlayerofastar'satmosphere,visibleduringtotalsolareclipses,iscalledthe________.5.Thestudyoftheformation,structure,andbehaviorofstarsiscalled________.6.TheapparentshiftinthepositionofastarcausedbytheEarth'sorbitiscalled________.7.Theregionwhereaplanet'smagneticfieldinteractswithsolarwindiscalledthe________.8.ThetermfortheapparentretrogrademotionofplanetsasobservedfromEarthis________.9.Theprocessbywhichlightfromadistantobjectisstretchedtolongerwavelengthsduetotheexpansionoftheuniverseiscalled________.10.Thepointinaplanet'sorbitwhereitisfarthestfromtheSuniscalled________.三、匹配題（共5題，每題2分，共10分）說明：將左側(cè)的英文術(shù)語與右側(cè)的中文解釋進行匹配。|A.|B.|||-||1.Nebula|A.Theregionwhereablackhole'sgravityisstrongest||2.GravitationalLensing|B.Acloudofgasanddustinspace||3.EventHorizon|C.Thebendingoflightbygravity||4.Aphelion|D.ThefarthestpointfromtheSun||5.Perihelion|E.Amassive,luminousclusterofstars|四、判斷題（共10題，每題1分，共10分）說明：判斷下列說法的正誤（True/False）。1.Asupernovaisthedeathofamassivestar.(True/False)2.TheNorthStarisaplanet.(True/False)3.TheMilkyWayisagalaxy.(True/False)4.TheAndromedaGalaxyisapproachingtheMilkyWay.(True/False)5.Areddwarfstarismoremassivethanasun-likestar.(True/False)6.TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeprimarilyobservesvisiblelight.(True/False)7.Acomet'stailalwayspointsawayfromtheSun.(True/False)8.TheHubbleConstantmeasurestherateofcosmicexpansion.(True/False)9.TheVLT(VeryLargeTelescope)islocatedinChile.(True/False)10.AlunareclipseoccurswhentheEarthblockssunlightfromreachingtheMoon.(True/False)五、簡答題（共5題，每題4分，共20分）說明：用簡短的英文句子回答下列問題。1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenapulsarandaquasar?2.Explaintheterm"darkmatter."3.HowdoestheDopplereffectrelatetothecolorofstars?4.WhatisthepurposeoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope?5.DescribethephasesoftheMoon.六、翻譯題（共5題，每題4分，共20分）說明：將下列中文句子翻譯成英文。1.木星是太陽系中最大的行星。2.科學家通過觀測恒星的光譜來研究其化學成分。3.護星帶是火星和木星之間的小行星密集區(qū)域。4.宇宙微波背景輻射是宇宙大爆炸的殘余熱量。5.天文學家使用射電望遠鏡探測來自遙遠星系的信號。答案與解析一、單選題答案1.A(Ecliptic)2.C(DwarfPlanet)3.A(GravitationalLensing)4.A(Aphelion)5.A(Redshift)6.C(Ultraviolet)7.B(EventHorizon)8.A(Cosmology)9.B(DimmerAppearance)10.B(Equinox)解析：-1.TheeclipticistheapparentpathoftheSunintheskyduetoEarth'sorbit.-2.Dwarfplanetsaresmallerthanplanetsbutnotmassiveenoughfornuclearfusion.-3.Gravitationallensingoccurswhenmassiveobjectsbendlight.-4.Aphelionisthefarthestpointinanellipticalorbit.-5.Redshiftisthestretchingoflighttolongerwavelengths.-6.TheHubbleTelescopeprimarilyusesultraviolettoobservedistantgalaxies.-7.Theeventhorizonisthepointbeyondwhichnothingcanescapeablackhole.-8.Cosmologystudiesthelarge-scalestructureoftheuniverse.-9.Asmallermagnitudenumbermeansbrighterappearance.-10.TheequinoxiswhereEarth'sequatorintersectstheecliptic.二、填空題答案1.Gravity2.Supernova3.Parallax4.Chromosphere5.StellarAstrophysics6.ProperMotion7.Magnetosphere8.RetrogradeMotion9.Blueshift10.Aphelion解析：-1.Gravitykeepsplanetsinorbit.-2.Asupernovaisamassivestarexplosion.-3.Parallaxistheapparentshiftofnearbystars.-4.Thechromosphereisvisibleduringsolareclipses.-5.Stellarastrophysicsstudiesstarbehavior.-6.Propermotionistheactualmovementofstars.-7.Themagnetosphereistheplanet'smagneticregion.-8.Retrogrademotionistheapparentbackwardmovementofplanets.-9.Blueshiftistheshorteningoflightwavelengths.-10.AphelionisthefarthestpointfromtheSun.三、匹配題答案1-B2-C3-A4-D5-E解析：-Nebula:Cloudsofgasanddustinspace.-GravitationalLensing:Bendingoflightbygravity.-EventHorizon:Theboundaryofablackhole.-Aphelion:FarthestpointfromtheSun.-Perihelion:ClosestpointtotheSun.四、判斷題答案1.True2.False(Polarisisastar)3.True4.True5.False(Reddwarfsarelessmassive)6.False(JamesWebbobservesinfrared)7.True8.True9.True10.True解析：-1.Supernovasaretheexplosionsofmassivestars.-2.Polarisisastar,notaplanet.-3.TheMilkyWayisagalaxy.-4.Andromedaismovingtowardus.-5.Reddwarfsaresmallerthansun-likestars.-6.JamesWebbusesinfrared,notvisiblelight.-7.Comets'tailspointawayfromtheSunduetosolarwind.-8.TheHubbleConstantmeasurescosmicexpansion.-9.TheVLTisinChile.-10.AlunareclipseoccurswhenEarthblockssunlightfromtheMoon.五、簡答題答案1.Pulsarvs.Quasar:-Apulsarisarapidlyrotatingneutronstaremittingbeamsofradiation.-Aquasarisanextremelyluminousactivegalacticnucleuspoweredbyasupermassiveblackhole.2.DarkMatter:-Darkmatterisaninvisibleformofmatterthatdoesn'temitlightbutexertsgravitationaleffects.3.DopplerEffectandStarColor:-Ifastarmovesaway,itslightisredshifted