研究生入學考試英語數學專業(yè)課題庫及參考答案考試時長：120分鐘滿分：100分班級：__________姓名：__________學號：__________得分：__________試卷名稱：研究生入學考試英語數學專業(yè)課題庫考核對象：報考研究生考生題型分值分布：-判斷題（10題，每題2分）總分20分-單選題（10題，每題2分）總分20分-多選題（10題，每題2分）總分20分-案例分析（3題，每題6分）總分18分-論述題（2題，每題11分）總分22分總分：100分---一、判斷題（每題2分，共20分）1.Thepassivevoiceshouldalwaysbeavoidedinacademicwriting.2.Aresearchhypothesismustbetestableandfalsifiable.3.Themeanisthemostappropriatemeasureofcentraltendencyforalltypesofdata.4.Linearregressionassumesalinearrelationshipbetweenindependentanddependentvariables.5.Ap-valueof0.05indicatesa5%probabilitythatthenullhypothesisistrue.6.Thechi-squaretestisusedtodeterminethecorrelationbetweentwocategoricalvariables.7.Anormaldistributionissymmetricandbell-shaped.8.Thestandarddeviationmeasuresthevariabilityofdatapointsaroundthemean.9.Acontrolgroupisessentialinexperimentalresearchtoisolatetheeffectoftheindependentvariable.10.Thecoefficientofdetermination(R2)indicatestheproportionofvarianceinthedependentvariableexplainedbytheindependentvariable.---二、單選題（每題2分，共20分）1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapartofthescientificmethod?A.ObservationB.HypothesisformationC.RandomsamplingD.Conclusiondrawing2.Inanormaldistribution,approximatelywhatpercentageofdatafallswithinonestandarddeviationofthemean?A.68%B.95%C.99.7%D.50%3.Theprimarypurposeofaliteraturereviewinresearchisto:A.PresentnewfindingsB.SummarizeexistingresearchC.ProposeanewhypothesisD.Conductexperiments4.Whichstatisticaltestisappropriateforcomparingthemeansofthreeormoreindependentgroups?A.t-testB.ANOVAC.Chi-squaretestD.Pearsoncorrelation5.Aresearcharticleistypicallystructuredinwhichorder?A.Introduction,Methods,Results,Discussion,ConclusionB.Conclusion,Introduction,Methods,Results,DiscussionC.Methods,Introduction,Results,Discussion,ConclusionD.Results,Introduction,Methods,Discussion,Conclusion6.Whatisthemainpurposeofacontrolgroupinanexperiment?A.TomeasuretheeffectoftheindependentvariableB.ToensuretheexperimentisethicalC.ToincreasethesamplesizeD.Tocomparetheresultswithabaseline7.Whichofthefollowingisameasureofcentraltendency?A.StandarddeviationB.VarianceC.MedianD.Correlationcoefficient8.Ap-valuelessthan0.05suggests:A.StrongevidenceagainstthenullhypothesisB.NosignificantdifferenceC.WeakevidenceagainstthenullhypothesisD.Theresultsarenotstatisticallysignificant9.Whatisthedifferencebetweenqualitativeandquantitativedata?A.Qualitativedataisnumerical,whilequantitativedataisdescriptiveB.Qualitativedataisdescriptive,whilequantitativedataisnumericalC.Qualitativedataisusedforexperiments,whilequantitativedataisusedforsurveysD.Qualitativedataissubjective,whilequantitativedataisobjective10.Whichofthefollowingisalimitationofcorrelationanalysis?A.ItassumescausationB.ItcanbeinfluencedbyoutliersC.ItonlyworkswithlinearrelationshipsD.Itrequiresalargesamplesize---三、多選題（每題2分，共20分）1.Whatarethekeycomponentsofaresearchproposal?A.ResearchquestionB.MethodologyC.LiteraturereviewD.BudgetE.Expectedoutcomes2.Whichofthefollowingarecommontypesofresearchdesigns?A.ExperimentalB.ObservationalC.CorrelationalD.QualitativeE.Quantitative3.Whataretheassumptionsoflinearregression?A.LinearityB.HomoscedasticityC.IndependenceoferrorsD.NormalityofresidualsE.Nomulticollinearity4.Whichofthefollowingaremeasuresofvariability?A.MeanB.MedianC.StandarddeviationD.VarianceE.Range5.Whataretheethicalconsiderationsinresearch?A.InformedconsentB.ConfidentialityC.ObjectivityD.DatafabricationE.Minimizingharm6.Whichofthefollowingarecommonstatisticaltests?A.t-testB.ANOVAC.Chi-squaretestD.PearsoncorrelationE.Regressionanalysis7.Whatarethebenefitsofusingacontrolgroupinanexperiment?A.ItprovidesabaselineforcomparisonB.IthelpsisolatetheeffectoftheindependentvariableC.ItreducesbiasD.ItincreasesthesamplesizeE.Itensurestheexperimentisvalid8.Whatarethetypesofqualitativedata?A.NominalB.OrdinalC.IntervalD.RatioE.Textual9.Whatarethestepsinhypothesistesting?A.StatethenullhypothesisB.SetthesignificancelevelC.CollectdataD.CalculatetheteststatisticE.Makeadecision10.Whatarethelimitationsofcorrelationanalysis?A.ItassumescausationB.ItcanbeinfluencedbyoutliersC.ItonlyworkswithlinearrelationshipsD.ItrequiresalargesamplesizeE.Itisnotsuitablefortimeseriesdata---四、案例分析（每題6分，共18分）1.CaseStudy1Aresearcherisstudyingtheeffectofsleepdeprivationoncognitiveperformance.Theyrandomlyassignparticipantstotwogroups:asleep-deprivedgroupandacontrolgroupwhogetadequatesleep.Theresearchermeasurescognitiveperformanceusingastandardizedtest.Thesleep-deprivedgroupscoresanaverageof75withastandarddeviationof10,whilethecontrolgroupscoresanaverageof85withastandarddeviationof8.Theresearcherwantstodetermineifthereisastatisticallysignificantdifferenceincognitiveperformancebetweenthetwogroups.Questions:a.Whattypeofstatisticaltestshouldtheresearcheruse?b.Whatarethenullandalternativehypotheses?c.Iftheresearchersetsthesignificancelevelat0.05,whatconclusionshouldtheydrawifthep-valueis0.03?2.CaseStudy2Acompanywantstoanalyzetherelationshipbetweenemployeesatisfactionandproductivity.Theycollectsurveydatafrom100employees,measuringsatisfactiononascaleof1to10andproductivityintermsofunitsproducedperday.Thedatashowsacorrelationcoefficient(r)of0.6.Questions:a.Whatdoesthecorrelationcoefficientindicateabouttherelationshipbetweensatisfactionandproductivity?b.Whatarethelimitationsofusingcorrelationtodeterminecausationinthisscenario?c.Ifthecompanywantstoimproveproductivity,whatotherfactorsshouldtheyconsider?3.CaseStudy3Auniversityisconductingastudytocomparetheeffectivenessoftwoteachingmethods:traditionallecture-basedinstructionandinteractiveonlinelearning.Theyrandomlyassign50studentstoeachgroupandmeasuretheirperformanceonafinalexam.Thetraditionallecturegroupscoresanaverageof80withastandarddeviationof12,whiletheinteractiveonlinegroupscoresanaverageof82withastandarddeviationof10.Questions:a.Whatstatisticaltestshouldbeusedtocomparethemeansofthetwogroups?b.Whataretheassumptionsofthistest?c.Ifthep-valuefromthetestis0.15,whatdoesthissuggestabouttheeffectivenessofthetwoteachingmethods?---五、論述題（每題11分，共22分）1.Discusstheimportanceofaliteraturereviewinresearch.Provideexamplesofhowaliteraturereviewcaninformtheresearchprocess.2.Explainthedifferencebetweencorrelationandcausation.Provideanexampleofhowcorrelationcanbemisleadinganddiscussthemethodstoestablishcausation.---標準答案及解析一、判斷題1.×(Thepassivevoicecanbeusefulinacademicwritingtoemphasizetheactionratherthantheactor.)2.√3.×(Themedianismoreappropriateforskeweddata.)4.√5.×(Ap-valueof0.05indicatesa5%probabilitythatthenullhypothesisisfalse.)6.√7.√8.√9.√10.√二、單選題1.C2.A3.B4.B5.A6.A7.C8.A9.B10.A三、多選題1.A,B,C,D,E2.A,B,C,D,E3.A,B,C,D,E4.C,D,E5.A,B,C,E6.A,B,C,D,E7.A,B,C,E8.A,B,E9.A,B,C,D,E10.A,B,C,E四、案例分析1.CaseStudy1a.Independentsamplest-testb.Nullhypothesis:Thereisnosignificantdifferenceincognitiveperformancebetweenthesleep-deprivedgroupandthecontrolgroup.Alternativehypothesis:Thereisasignificantdifferenceincognitiveperformancebetweenthesleep-deprivedgroupandthecontrolgroup.c.Sincethep-value(0.03)islessthanthesignificancelevel(0.05),theresearchershouldrejectthenullhypothesisandconcludethatthereisastatisticallysignificantdifferenceincognitiveperformancebetweenthetwogroups.2.CaseStudy2a.Acorrelationcoefficientof0.6indicatesamoderatepositiverelationshipbetweenemployeesatisfactionandproductivity.b.Correlationdoesnotimplycausation.Whilethereisarelationshipbetweensatisfactionandproductivity,itdoesnotmeanthatsatisfactiondirectlycausesproductivitytoincrease.Otherfactorsmaybeinfluencingbothvariables.c.Thecompanyshouldconsiderotherfactorssuchasworkenvironment,training,resources,andmanagementpracticesthatmayaffectproductivity.3.CaseStudy3a.Independentsamplest-testb.Assumptions:Normalityofdata,homogeneityofvariances,andindependenceofobservations.c.Sincethep-value(0.15)isgreaterthanthesignificancelevel(0.05),theresearchershouldfailtorejectthenullhypothesis.Thissuggeststhatthereisnostatisticallysignificantdifferenceintheeffectivenessofthetwoteachingmethods.五、論述題1.ImportanceofaLiteratureReviewAliteraturereviewisacriticalcomponentoftheresearchprocessasitprovidesacomprehensiveoverviewofexistingresearchonatopic.Ithelpsresearchersunderstandthecurrentstateofknowledge,identifygapsintheliterature,andrefinetheirresearchquestions.Forexample,aliteraturereviewcanhighlightmethodologiesusedinpreviousstudies,whichcaninformthedes