2026年焊接專業(yè)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)試題含答案一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共10題，每題2分，計(jì)20分）1.Whichofthefollowingtermsreferstotheprocessofjoiningtwometalpartsbyheatingandapplyingpressure?A.BoringB.WeldingC.RivetingD.Machining2.Whatistheprimarypurposeoffluxinwelding?A.ToincreaseweldingspeedB.ToprotectthemoltenmetalfromoxidationC.ToreduceweldingcostD.Toimprovethestrengthoftheweld3.Whichweldingprocessistypicallyusedforthicksteelplatesduetoitshighheatinput?A.TIGweldingB.MIGweldingC.SubmergedarcweldingD.Resistancewelding4.Whatdoestheabbreviation'GTAW'standforinwelding?A.GasTungstenArcWeldingB.GasMetalArcWeldingC.GasTungstenArcCuttingD.GasTungstenArcInspection5.Whichofthefollowingisacommondefectinweldedjoints?A.WeldbeadB.PorosityC.FilletweldD.Buttweld6.Whatisthetermfortheprocessoftestingaweldedjointforitsintegritywithoutdamagingthestructure?A.WeldingB.CuttingC.Non-destructivetesting(NDT)D.Machining7.WhichgasisprimarilyusedasanshieldinggasinMIGwelding?A.ArgonB.OxygenC.NitrogenD.Helium8.Whatistheminimumacceptabletensilestrength(inMPa)formostweldedsteeljointsaccordingtoAWSD1.1?A.200B.350C.500D.7009.Whichweldingpositionisconsideredthemostdifficulttoperform?A.Flat(1G)B.Horizontal(2G)C.Vertical(3G)D.Overhead(4G)10.Whatistheprimarycauseofweldbeadcracking?A.ExcessiveheatinputB.PropershieldinggasC.InsufficientweldingspeedD.Correctjointdesign二、填空題（共10題，每題2分，計(jì)20分）1.Theprocessofjoiningtwoormorematerials,typicallymetals,usingheatorpressureiscalled________.2.Thechemicalagentusedtopreventoxidationduringweldingisknownas________.3.Thetermfortheanglebetweentheweldingsurfaceandthehorizontalplaneisthe_______.4.Theabbreviation'AWS'standsforthe_______(AmericanWeldingSociety).5.Aweldthatjoinstwopiecesofmetaledge-to-edgeiscalleda_______weld.6.Theprocessofdetectingflawsinaweldwithoutcausingdamagetothematerialisreferredtoas_______.7.ThegascommonlyusedinTIGweldingtoshieldthearcis_______.8.Theminimumacceptablestrengthforaweldedjointisspecifiedin_______(unit).9.Aweldperformedverticallyupwardisknownasa_______weld.10.Thetermforthesurfaceroughnessofaweldbeadiscalled_______.三、判斷題（共10題，每題1分，計(jì)10分）1.TIGweldingismoresuitableforthinmaterialsthanMIGwelding.2.Porosityisacommondefectinweldedjointscausedbytrappedgas.3.AWSD1.1isastandardforweldingpipelines.4.Therootopeninginagroovewelddeterminesthesizeoftheweldbead.5.Resistanceweldingistypicallyusedforjoiningaluminumsheets.6.Non-destructivetesting(NDT)methodsincludeX-rayandultrasonictesting.7.A2Gweldingpositionreferstoahorizontaljoint.8.Weldbeadcrackingisusuallycausedbyexcessivecoolingrate.9.TheshieldinggasinMIGweldingcanbe100%argon.10.Filletweldsarestrongerthanbuttwelds.四、簡(jiǎn)答題（共5題，每題4分，計(jì)20分）1.ExplainthedifferencebetweenTIGweldingandMIGwelding.2.Whatarethethreeprimarytypesofjointdesignsinwelding?3.Describethepurposeofpreheatinginwelding.4.Whatarethecommoncausesofweldbeadporosity?5.Listthreenon-destructivetesting(NDT)methodsusedinwelding.五、翻譯題（共2題，每題5分，計(jì)10分）1.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish:"焊接接頭中的未焊透通常是由電流不足或電弧長(zhǎng)度不當(dāng)引起的。"2.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese:"Non-destructivetestingisessentialforensuringtheintegrityofweldedstructures."六、論述題（共1題，計(jì)10分）Discusstheimportanceofproperjointdesigninweldingandexplainhowitaffectsthequalityoftheweld.答案及解析一、單項(xiàng)選擇題1.B.Welding-解析：Welding是指通過(guò)加熱和加壓連接金屬部件的過(guò)程。2.B.Toprotectthemoltenmetalfromoxidation-解析：Flux的作用是保護(hù)熔融金屬免受氧化。3.C.Submergedarcwelding-解析：Submergedarcwelding適用于厚鋼板，因其熱輸入高。4.A.GasTungstenArcWelding-解析：GTAW是鎢極惰性氣體保護(hù)焊的縮寫(xiě)。5.B.Porosity-解析：Porosity是焊縫中常見(jiàn)的缺陷，由氣體未排出引起。6.C.Non-destructivetesting(NDT)-解析：NDT是指無(wú)損檢測(cè)，不損壞結(jié)構(gòu)即可檢測(cè)焊縫完整性。7.A.Argon-解析：MIG焊接常用的保護(hù)氣體是氬氣。8.B.350-解析：根據(jù)AWSD1.1，大多數(shù)焊縫的最小抗拉強(qiáng)度為350MPa。9.D.Overhead(4G)-解析：仰焊位置（4G）最難操作，因?yàn)橹亓τ绊懭鄢亍?0.A.Excessiveheatinput-解析：過(guò)高的熱輸入會(huì)導(dǎo)致焊縫開(kāi)裂。二、填空題1.Welding2.Flux3.坡口角度(Gougeangle)4.美國(guó)焊接學(xué)會(huì)(AmericanWeldingSociety)5.對(duì)接(Butt)6.無(wú)損檢測(cè)(Non-destructivetesting)7.氬氣(Argon)8.兆帕(MPa)9.垂直向上(Verticalupward)10.焊縫表面粗糙度(Weldbeadroughness)三、判斷題1.正確-解析：TIG焊接適合薄材料，而MIG焊接適合中厚材料。2.正確-解析：Porosity由氣體未排出引起，是常見(jiàn)缺陷。3.錯(cuò)誤-解析：AWSD1.1是通用焊接標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不專用于管道。4.正確-解析：坡口開(kāi)口大小決定焊縫尺寸。5.錯(cuò)誤-解析：電阻焊適合低碳鋼，鋁板常用MIG焊接。6.正確-解析：X射線和超聲波是NDT方法。7.正確-解析：2G是水平位置焊縫。8.正確-解析：快速冷卻會(huì)導(dǎo)致焊縫開(kāi)裂。9.錯(cuò)誤-解析：MIG焊接通常使用氬氣和二氧化碳混合氣。10.錯(cuò)誤-解析：Fillet焊和Butt焊強(qiáng)度取決于設(shè)計(jì)，不能一概而論。四、簡(jiǎn)答題1.TIG焊接和MIG焊接的區(qū)別-TIG焊接使用非熔化鎢電極，適合薄材料和高精度焊縫；MIG焊接使用熔化金屬電極，焊接速度快，適合中厚材料。2.三種主要焊縫設(shè)計(jì)-對(duì)接焊（Buttweld）、角焊（Filletweld）、搭接焊（Lapweld）。3.預(yù)熱的作用-預(yù)熱可降低焊接區(qū)的冷卻速度，防止裂紋，提高焊接質(zhì)量。4.焊縫氣孔的常見(jiàn)原因-氣體未排出、保護(hù)氣體不純、焊條或焊劑污染。5.三種NDT方法-X射線檢測(cè)、超聲波檢測(cè)、磁粉檢測(cè)。五、翻譯題1."Thelackoffusioninweldedjointsisu