【英語】高考英語試題真題分類匯編閱讀理解

一、高中英語閱讀理解

1.閱讀理解

Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?

You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."Iusedtoworkinschoolcatering

andsawalotofmoneybeingthrownaway.Ithoughtthatwascriminal,soIdecidedtodo

somethingaboutit/'saidItalianschoolchefTizianoVicentini.

Now,Vicentinihasanamazingrangeofedibleplatesforschools.Theplatesaremadeoutof

breaddough,soyoucaneatthemafterwards."Thesedishescostafewpennieseachandare

eithereatenbythekids,orgointorecyclingbinsforanimalfood,"explainedVicentini,50,of

Milan.Butnowothercompaniesaredevelopingedibleplates,too.TheEdible-PlateCompany

offersedibleplates,bowls,traysandcups.Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%

biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefroma

naturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.

Theyalsohavearangeofcutlery(餐具)madefromcornandpotatostarch(淀粉).These

plateswillalsohelpreducetheamountofplastic;wecreate.Wastefromplasticcausesalotof

damagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.

Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecauses

toxicgasesthatpollutetheair.hresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducing

toughrecyclingregulations.Andmanyshopsareofferingbiodegradableplasticbagsandeco-safe

packagingontheirproducts.Tchelpmatters,theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization

(theISO)hasalsodevelopedasystemtoevaluatethebiodegradabilityofproducts,witha

certificationandlogoscheme,Meanwhile,howaboutaniceplateforlunch?

(1)Whichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageofedibleplates?

A.Theyareexpensive.B.Theycandegradenaturally.

C.Theyareenvironmentally-friendly.D.Theyaremadefromnaturalplant.

(2)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.TizianoisfromGermany.B.Edibleplatesareonlyusedforschoolcatering.

C.Cornandpotatostarchcanbeusedtomakecutlery.D.TheEdiblePlateCompanydoesn't

produceediblebowls.

(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"referto?

A.Theairpollution.B.Theediblecutlery.

C.Thetoxicgasescausedbytheburningofplastic.D.Thedamagetotheenvironment

causedbyplasticwaste.

(4)Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Ihemeasurestostopthepollution.B.Ihewaystoreducetheplasticwaste.

C.Howtomakeedibleplatesfromnaturalplants..D.Theplatesolutiontoeatingand

environmentalproblem.

【答案】(1)A

(2)C

(3)D

(4)D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了飲食和環(huán)境的問題，并且提出了相應的解決

方法。

(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%

biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefroma

naturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally."可知，"昂貴”不

是edibleplates的優(yōu)勢。故選A。

(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Theyalsohavearangeofcutlery(餐具)madefrom

cornandpotatostarch(淀粉)."可知，玉米和馬鈴薯淀粉可用于制作餐具。故選C。

(3)考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第三段中的"Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetothe

environment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoften

endupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthat

pollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecycling

regulations-塑料垃圾對環(huán)境造成了很大的破壞，同時也給政府帶來了數(shù)百萬的垃圾管理。

塑料袋經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)在垃圾填埋場或街道上。而燃燒的塑料垃圾會導致有毒氣體污染空氣。

作為對此的回應，世界各國政府正在出臺嚴格的回收法規(guī)。由此可知this指的是“塑料垃圾

對環(huán)境造成的破壞?！肮蔬xDo

(4)考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的"Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?Next

time,whynottrysomeedibleones?You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgo

hungry."可知，本文講述的是飲食和環(huán)境問題的解決方案。故選D.

【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷，代詞指代和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一

篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，

從而選出正確答案。

2.閱讀理解

Notre-Dame,thecathedral(大教堂)thatservesasoneofParis'smostbelovedmonuments,is

onfire.AccordingtoTheNewYorkTimes,thefirebeganaround6:30p.m.localtime,when

touristsurgentlyrushedoutofthebuilding.WhileAndreFinot,aspokesmanforthecathedral,

toldTheTimes,thatthecauseofthefireisstillunknownandthatnoonehasbeenhurtwhile

damagetothebuildingappearscatastrophic(災難性的).

CNNreportsthatover400firefightershavebeensenttofightthefire,butthattheymaybe

unabletosavethecathedral.Builtinthe12thcentury,Notre-Damehousesseveralrelics

importanttoCatholics(天主教徒).NBCNewsreportsthatrelicsfromSaintGenevieveandSaint

Denismaybeenlost,togetherwitharelicbelievedtobefromJesusChrist'scrownofthorns,but

itstatesthatauthoritiesnowbelievethatthecathedralhasbeensavedfrom“totaldestructions

Notre-Dameisvisitedbyareported30,000peopleadayand13millionpeopleperyear.Its

destructionrepresentsaglobalculturalloss,"Thisisjusthorrible",MohamedMegdoul,33,afilm

producerandwitnesstothefiretoldTheTimes,speakingthroughtears."Athousandyearsof

historyisbeingwipedaway.Thisbelongedtothewholeworld,andnowit'sdisappearing."

FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacronexpressedhissadnessonTwitter."Notre-DameotParisin

flames,"readsanEnglishtranslationofhisstatement."Emotionfcrawholenation.Thoughtsfor

allCatholicsandforalltheFrench.Likeallourcountrymen,I'msadtogethertoseethispartofus

burn."Otherpoliticians,includingMelanisTrump,LondonMayorSadiqKhan,U.K.Prime

MinisterTheresaMayalsosharedtheirsadnessonTwitter.

(1)WhatdoweknowaboutNotre-Dameaccordingtothepassage?

A.lthasbeencompletelydestroyedbythefire.

B.lt'sahugepoliticallosstotheworld.

C.lt'sonlymeaningfultoCatholics.

D.Thereasonofthefireremainedtobefoundout.

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthethirdparagraphirrply?

A.ThehistoryofFranceisdestroyedbecauseofthefire.

B.Thelossthefirecausedishuge.

C.ThedamageofNotre-Dameisbeingwipedoff.

D.Thecathedralhasbeensavedfrom"totaldestruction".

(3)What'sthepurposeofwritingthepassage?

A.ToreportadisasterofNotre-Dame.

B.Toexpresspeople'ssadnessofthedestruction.

C.ToemphasizethevalueofNotre-Dame.

D.Toshowtheconcernsfromtheworldwide.

【答案】⑴D

(2)B

(3)A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道，報道了舉世聞名的法國巴黎圣母院發(fā)生火災的相

關信息。

(1)考查細仃理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"WhileAndreFinot,aspokesmanforthecathedral,told

TheTimes,thatthecauseofthefireisstillunknownandthatnoonehasbeenhurtwhile

damagetothebuildingappealscatastrophic(災難性的)”這起火災的原因還不得而知，對建

筑的破壞是災難性的，并沒有說建筑被完全破壞了。故選D。

(2)考查句義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的"ItsdestructionrepresentsaglobalculturallossZA

thousandyearsofhistoryisbeinRwipedawav.'"可知，它的毀滅代表了全球文化的損失。

MohamedMegdoul說道：這很糟糕，一千年的歷史就這樣被破壞殆盡。wipeaway"擦掉，

破壞殆盡"。由此判斷出這就話顯示了火災造成的損失是巨大的。故選丸

(3)考查寫作意圖?？v觀全文可知，本文是一篇新聞報道，文章報道了舉世聞名的法國

巴黎圣母院發(fā)生火災的相關信息。因此本文的目的在于報導巴黎圣母院遭遇的巨大災難。

故磔A。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和寫作意圖三個題型的考查，是一篇新聞報

道，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，從而選

出正確答案。

3.閱讀埋解

LIANGTAOsold80pinkGivenchybagsin12minutes.BeckyFangsold100MiniCoopercarsin

justfive.Botharewanghong,literally“red-hotontheweb”.EverydaymillionsofChinesesearch

socialmediaforwanghongpostsortuneintolive-streamsforwanghong'sopinionson

everything.ThefansarehelpingthisnewChineseInternetstartomakemoneyoutoftheir

popularity—andtoshakeupthecountry'se-commerceindustryintheprocess.

Afewofwanghonghavebeenhiredbyluxurybrands.Jaeger-LeCoultre,aSwisswatchmaker,

hiredPapiJiangforavideoadtargetingyoungurbanites(都市人)，ncludingher27mfansonSina

Weibo,aTwitter-likemicroblog.ZhangYiofiiMediaResearch,aconsultingfirm,estimatesthatup

to15%ofsalesonshoppingsiteslikeTaobaoorsocial-mediaappssuchasWeChatareinfluenced

bywanghong'spublicsupport.Thelengthofadressmightbedecidedbyasurveyofa

wanghong'sfans；itslaunchdatemightbebasedonthenumberofhits,sharesorcommentsit

collects,someofwhichcancauselast-minutedesignchanges.

Thisposesanewchallengeforretailers(零售商),whosesupplychainsmustrespondevermore

quicklytowanghong'sopinions.Whereaspreviouslyacompanywouldlookforacelebrityto

matchitsimage,wanghongandtheiradmirersareshapinggoods.

Anotherchallengecomesdirectlyfromwanghongthemselves.Theyincreasinglymakemoney

notmerelyfromonlinesupportoradvicebutbylaunchingtheirowne-commercestores.Salesof

goodsaccountedforjustunderhalfofwanghongearningsof53bnyuan($8bn)in2016,

estimatesAnalysys,aChinesemarket-researchfirm(therestcamemostlyfromlive-showtipsand

adverts).

Somewanghongaregoingastepfurther.InNovemberBeckyFanglaunchedherownclothing

line.Partofhermotivation,shesays,wasthatthebrandsshesupporteddidnotalwaysmatch

thetrendsshewassharingwitnherfollowers.Bycreatingherownbrand,Becky'sFantasy,she

havefullcontrolofthequality.Shealsogainsanewincome.Forthetimebeingonly3-5%of

wanghongfollowBeckyFang'sexample,iiMediaResearchestimates.Butitexpectsthemodelto

becomeanindustryinitsownright,includingentertainmentande-commerce,anddrivenby

onlinedata.

(1)Whycanwanghongusetheirpopularitytomakemoney?

A.BecausetheyareInternetstars.B.Becausetheyusesocialmedia.

C.Becausetheiropinionsinfluencefans.D.Becausetheycanshakethee-commerce

industry.

(2)Whatisthecharacteristicoftheproductssupportedbywanghong?

A.Itisfans-based.B.Itissocial-media-based.

C.Itisdesign-shared.D.Itisyouth-targeted

(3)Whatarethechallengesforretailers?

A.Onlinesupportandadvice.B.Increasingsalesofgoodsonline.

C.Quickresponsestothemarketchanges.D.Wanghong'sopinionsande-commercestores.

(4)Whydosomewanghongcreatetheirownbrands?

A.Becausetheywanttoattractmorefans.B.Becausetheywanttosharewiththeir

followers.

C.Becausetheywanttosetupanewindustrymodel.D.Becausethebrandstheyspeaktor

can'tsatisfytheirfans.

【答案】(1)C

(2)A

(3)D

(4)D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道，介紹了網(wǎng)紅正在利用自身的人氣幫助一些品牌銷

售，在這個過程中撼動中國的電子商務行業(yè)。

(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Botharewanghong,literally'red-hotontheweb*.Every

daymillionsofChinesesearchsocialmediaforwanghongpostsortuneintolive-streamsfor

wanghong'sopinionsoneverything.ThefansarehelpingthisnewChineseInternetstartomake

moneyoutoftheirpopularity"可知，網(wǎng)紅會利用自己的人氣賺錢，那是因為他們的觀點影響

著粉絲。故選C。

(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thelengthofadressmightbedecidedbyasurveyofa

wanghong'sfans;itslaunchdatemightbebasedonthenumberofhits,sharesorcommentsit

collects,someofwhichcancauselast-minutedesignchanges."可知，網(wǎng)紅所支持的產(chǎn)品的特點

是以粉絲為基礎的。故選小

⑶考杳細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Thisposesanewchallengeforretailers(零售商)，whose

supplychainsmustrespondevermorequicklytowanghong'sopinions.”和第四段中的"Another

challengecomesdirectlyfromwanghongthemselves.Theyincreasinglymakemoneynotmerely

fromonlinesupportoradvicebutbylaunchingtheirowne-commercestores.“可知，網(wǎng)紅的觀

點和他們開設的網(wǎng)上商店是對零售商的挑戰(zhàn)。故選Do

⑷考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Partofhermotivation,shesays,wasthatthebrandsshe

supporteddidnotalwaysmatchthetrendsshewassharingwithherfollowers.Bycreatingher

ownbrand,Becky'sFantasy,shehavefullcontrolofthequality.”可知，網(wǎng)紅之所以創(chuàng)造他們自

己的品牌是因為他們代言的品牌不能滿足他們的粉絲。故選Do

【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇新聞報道，要求考生

在捕捉細節(jié)信息的同時，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，選出正確答

案。

4.閱讀理解

Justafewyearsoutoflawschool,IdecidedthatIwantedtowritefictions.TheonlythingIhad

everpublishedbeforewasalaov-reviewarticle.IhadmadegreateffortstowritewhenIcame

homeatnightafterwork,butIwastootired.Idecidedtoquitmyjob.

IbeganmynewlifeonaFebruarymorning.Isatdownatmykitchentableat7:30amand

madearesolution.EverydayIwouldwriteuntillunchtime.ThenIwouldliedownonthefloorfor

20minutestorestmymind.Afterthat,Iwouldreturntoworkforafewmorehours.

Inmyfirstyear,Isoldtwostores.ThenIwroteanovel,butIthoughtitwasn'tgoodenough,so

Iendedupputtingitinadrawer.Mysecondnovel,BillyLynn'sLongHalftimeWalk,waspublished

toglowingreviewsandreceivedtheNationalBookCriticsCircleAwardtorfiction.

Mysuccesssoundslikeafamiliarstory,butactuallyitwasfarfromsudden.Iquitmyjob,and

foreverystoryIpublishedinthoseyears,Ihadatleast30rejections.ThenovelthatIputawayin

thedrawertookmyfouryears.Mybreakthroughcamein2006,18yearsafterIfirstsatdownto

writeatmykitchentable.

Sometimesgenius(天才)isjustthethingthatcomesoutafter20yearsofworkingatyour

kitchen.Also,doingsomethingtrulycreativerequirestheenergyofyouth.OrsonWellesmadehis

masterpiece.CitizenKan,at25.T.S.EliotwroteTheLoveSongofJ.AfredPrufrockat23.

(1)Whendidtheauthordecidetodevotehimselftowritingfictions?

A.Whenhewastiredfromhiswork.B.Straightaftergraduationfromlawschool.

C.Onbeinginformedhislaw-reviewarticlecameout.D.Whenhishobbywasdisturbedby

hiswork.

(2)Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthor__.

A.ledawealthylifeB.arrangedhislifereasonably

C.wastoodiligenttorelaxhimselfD.remainedsingle

(3)Whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtotellusinthispassage?

A.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.

C.Itisnevertoooldtolearn.D.Itisthefirststepthatcoststroublesome.

(4)WhydidtheauthorgivetheexampleofOrsonWellesandT.S.Eliot?

A.Tomakeacomparisonbetweenthemandhimself.B.Toshowcreativityneedsenergyand

efforts.

C.Topersuadethereadersoftheirgreattalents.D.Torecommendtheirtwomasterpieces.

【答案】(1)D

(2)B

(3)A

(4)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者通過講述自己成功的經(jīng)歷，進一步證實了“失敗

是成功之母”的道理。

⑴考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"IhadmadegreateffortstowritewhenIcamehomeat

nightafterwork,butIwastootired.Idecidedtoquitmyjob.”可知,當他的愛好被他的工作打

擾時，作者決定投身于寫作小說。故選D。

(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"IbeganmynewlifeonaFebruarymorning.Isatdownat

mykitchentableat7:30amandmadearesolution.EverydayIwouldwriteuntillunchtime.Then

Iwouldliedownonthefloorfor20minutestorestmymind.Afterthat,Iwouldreturntowork

forafewmorehours."可知，我們可以從第二段推斷出作者合理安排了他的生活。故選B。

(3)考查日的意圖。根據(jù)第四段中的“Mysuccesssoundslikeafanlliarstory,butactuallyItwas

farfromsudden.Iquitmyjob,andforeverystoryIpublishedinthoseyears,Ihadatleast30

rejections.ThenovelthatIputawayinthedrawertookmyfouryears.Mybreakthroughcamein

可推知,失敗是成功之母。故

2006z18yearsafterIfirstsatdowntowriteatmykitchentable.”

選Ao

（4）考食推埋判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Sometimesgenius（大才）isjustthethingthatcomesout

after20yearsofworkingatyourkitchen.Also,doingsomethingtrulycreativerequirestheenergy

ofyouth.OrsonWellesmadehismasterpiece,CitizenKan,at25.T.S.EliotwroteTheLoveSong

ofJ.AfredPrufrockat23.”可知，作者引用OrsonWellesandT.S.Eliot的例子是為了要表現(xiàn)出

創(chuàng)造力需要能量和努力。故選B.

【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和目的意圖三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱

讀，考生需要準確掌握捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯布理，選出正確答案。

5.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

It'salmostcampseason!

Summeriswonderful.Summeratoneofthefollowingawesomecamps?Evenmorewonderful.

TahosaHighAdventureBase

Location:Ward,Colorado

Peoplepuzzle:Tahosa'sropescoursesaresomeofthenation'sbest.Useyourhands,feetand

brainstotakeuphigh-flyingchallengesandovercomeyourfears.Flyfishingat9,000feet?Yes.

Fishinglicensesorexperienceneeded?No,sir!

Chooseyouradventure:Goall-inclusive,wherethestaffpreparesmealsandrunstheprogram,

ortakecontrolandplanyourperfectweek.Thechoiceisyours.

CampRaymond

Location:Parks,Arizona

Don'tlookdown:Whenlookingupatthestars,lightpollutionisyourenemy.ButCamp

Raymond'slocationandelevation（海拔）of6,700feetofferperfectconditionsforseeing

otherwiseinvisiblestars.

That'scool:Don'tforgetyoircameraandajacket.Duringtheday,youcouldspotbearsand

deer.Atnight,temperaturescanfallsharply.Hotcocoaatsummercamp?Cool.

PamlicoSeaBase

Location:BlountsCreek,NorthCarolina.

Gocoastal:ExploretheCarolinacoastbyboat.Youchoosetheroute,andPamlicoprovidesthe

equipment.Keepaneyeoutforwildhorses,lighthousesandboatloadsoffish.

Setsail:Evenifyoudon'tknowthedifferencebetweenstarboardandstar-lord,Pamlico's

sailingjourneywillmakeyouafirst-ratesailorinnotime.You'llevenpracticefindingyourway

usingthestars.

BaseCamp

Location:St.Paul,Minnesota

Bigupgrade:Whathappenswhenyouchangea1907cavalrydrillhall（騎兵訓練場）intoan

adventuredestinationintheheartofthecity?YougetBaseCampforovernightlock-ins,weekend

retreats（隱居處）andsummercamp.

Insideout:MostofBaseCampisindoors,meaningtheactivitieslikeclimbingwallscanbe

undertakenonwinter'scoldestdays.

（1）WhatdoweknowaboutTahosaHighAdventureBase?

A.ItrequiresfishinglicensesB.Itotterslessonsonflyingaplane

C.It'sacampthatisintendedforbravekidsD.Itisacampwhereyoucansetyourownpace

(2)WhatcanbelearnedinPamlicoSeaBase?

A.Howtotellstarboardfromstar-lordB.Howtochoosecampingequipment

C.HowtousethestarsfordirectionsD.Howtomakeaboatonyourown

(3)Inwhichcampcankidsclimbwallsinsideonwinterdays?

A.BaseCamp.B.CampRaymond.

C.PamlicoSeaBase.D.TahosaHighAdventureBase.

【答案】(1)D

(2)C

(3)A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了四個精彩的?夏令營活動。

(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)TahosaHighAdventureBase部分中的“Chooseyouradventure:Go

all-inclusive,wherethestaffpreparesmealsandrunstheprogram,ortakecontrolandplanyour

perfectweek.Thechoiceisyours.”可知，TahosaHighAdventureBase是?個你可以設定自己

節(jié)奏的營地。故選D。

(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)PamlicoSeaBase部分中的“Setsail:Evenifyoudon'tknowthe

differencebetweenstarboardandstar-1ord,Pamlico'ssailingjourneywillmakeyouafirst-rate

sailorinnotime.You'llevenpracticefindingyourwayusingthestars.“可知，在PamlicoSea

Base你能學到如何使用星星來指引方向。故選J

(3)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)BaseCamp部分中的“Insideout:MostofBaseCampisindoors,

meaningtheactivitieslikeclimbingwallscanbeundertakenonwinter'scoldestdaysruj知，在

冬天，孩子們可以在BaseCamp營地里爬墻。故選A。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解個題型的考查，是一篇廣告類閱讀，要求考生準確捕捉細

節(jié)信息，結合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。

6.閱讀理解

Dodderisanunusualandunwantedplantthatattacksotherplants.Exceptforitsflowers,the

plantlookslikespaghetti,akindofnoodlesintheshapeoflongtninpiecesthatlooklikestring

whentheyarecooked.It'salmostleafless,thread-likestemshangdownontopofotherplants

thatdodderneedstostayalive.Dodderdoesnotproduceitsownfood.Instead,itstealsfood

fromotherplants.Itfeedsbysuckingjuicesfromtheplantwhichiswrappedaround,often

makingitshostveryweakorevenkillingit.

Doddercanfindotherplantsbytheirsmell.Whenayoungdodderplantstartsgrowing,it

followsthesmellofplantsitprefers,liketomatoplants,potatoplants,orotherfarmcrops.Unlike

mostplantsthatusuallygrowinthedirectionoflightorwarmth,cdodderplantwillgrowinthe

directionof,forexample,tomatosmell—ifatomatohappenstobegrowingnearby.

However,ayoungdodderplantmustfindahostplantquickly.Itnolongerneedsitsrootonce

itisattachedtothehostandwrappedaroundit.Ifitcannotcatchasmellofapotentialhost

withinafewdays,itwilldryupandvanishevenifthereisplentyofwateraround.Onceitfindsa

host,theyoungdodderplantwillattachitselftoitandstartgrowingtaster.Atthatpointthe

dodderplantwilldropitsroot.

Dodderisthusadifficultweedtomanageandarealheadacheforfarmers.Whenitdoesget

outofhand,doddercangreatlyreduceafarmer'sharvestorevendestroycropscompletely.

Beforesowingtheirproduce,especiallyfarmersinwarmpartsoftheworldoftenchecktomake

surenounwanteddodderseedshavemixedwiththeircropseeds.Thisisagoodwaytostop

dodderplantsfrommakingtheirwaytoacropfieldsecretly.

(1)Whydoestheauthormentionspaghettiinthefirstparagraph?

A.Toanalyzethecontentofsomefood.B.Tointroducethetopicofthispassage.

C.Totelltheusageofthedodderplants.D.Todescribetheshapeofdodderplants.

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vanish“inthethirdparagraphmean?

A.invade.B.grew.C.escape.D.disappear.

(3)Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Dodderdoesn'tproduceitsownfood.B.Doddergivesoffsmelltoattractplants.

C.Doddercanaffectfarmers'income.D.Doddercanonlysurviveintheshade.

(4)Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Tointroduceanewvarietyoffarmcrops.B.Tointroduceplantsthatareharmfulto

humans.

C.Tointroducethespecialabilitiesofadangerousplant.D.Tointroducerecent

improvementsinfarmingmethods.

【答案】(1)D

(2)D

(3)C

(4)C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一種有特殊生長習性，危害農(nóng)作物生長的攀

附植物一一菟絲子。

(1)考杳推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Exceptforitsflowers,theplantlookslikespaghetti,akind

ofnoodlesintheshapeoflongthinpiecesthatlooklikestringwhentheyarecooked.”可推斷，

作者把茶絲子和意大利面條相比是用人們熟悉的東西來說明它的形狀，故選D.,

⑵考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ifitcannotcatchasmellofapotentialhostwithinafew

days,itwilldryup”可知,菟絲子如果不能很快找到可以寄生的植物,它就會變干，因此推

斷即使周圍有許多水它也會消失死亡。故畫線詞“vanish”與D項disappear“消失”意義相

近。故選D。

(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一，段中的"Whenitdoesgetoutofhand,doddercangreatlyreduce

afarmer'sharvestorevendestroycropscompletely.”可知，當范空子失去控制，也就是瘋狂的

生長，菟絲子可以極大減少農(nóng)民的收成，甚至完全摧毀莊稼。因此推斷菟絲子會影響農(nóng)民

們的收入。故選C。

⑷考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Dodderisanunusualandunwantedplantthatattacks

otherplants."和下文對范絲子特殊的生長習性和危害的敘述可知，文章的寫作目的是主要介

紹這種特殊乂有危害的植物一一冤絲子。故選C。

【點評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推埋判斷兩個題型的考食，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考

生根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。

7.閱讀理解

Thenextgenerationofartifi:ialintelligence(Al)maybesittingrightbeneathyou,atleastif

furnituremakerIkeahasanyswyinthematter.TheSwedishfurniturecompany's"future-living”

researchlabinCopenhagenisconductingasurveytounderstandwhatpeoplewantwhenit

comestosmartfurniture.

Alisnowwalkingintomoreaspectsofpeople'sdailylives.Self-drivingcarsarejustaroundthe

corner,andAlrobotscanplayandbeatthebestplayersofstrategygames.Assmarthome

technologieshavebecomemoreubiquitous,productsrangingfromsmartelectricaloutlets(插

座)tosmartsmokealarmsarefloodingthemarket.Therefore,it'snotsurprisingthatIkeawould

bemovinginthesamedirection.

Exactlywhypeoplewouldwanttheirsofaorbedframetospeaktothen,tracktheirdaily

movementsorofferhelpisnotyetclear.ThoughIkea'sthenewsurveydoesn'tdirectlyanswer

thatquestion,itdoesprovideahintofwhatpeoplewouldfeelcomfortablewith.Most

participantswantedamorehumanOlikeformofvirtual(虛擬的)assistants,asopposedtoone

thatismorerobotic.Intermsoftheidealgender(性別)oftheassistants,themostpopular

choicewasneithermalenorfemale.FewwantedareligiousformofAl.

Justaswithhumanfriends,mostwantedAlfriendsthatwerelikethem,affirmingtheirown

worldview.TheywantedanAlassistantthatwasreasonablyintelligent-thatcouldcollectdatato

predictwhatapersonwantedbeforeheorsheasked,andthatcouldpreventsomeonefrom

makingmistakes.

ThisisnotthefirsttimethatIkeahassetfootinthefieldorfuturistictechnologies.Inaddition

towirelesschargingtablesandchainlessbikesthatneverrust(生銹)，thefurnituregianthas

alsopicturedsmartkitchensthatcancookthebestmeal.Todecideonhowintelligentyouwant

yournextsofaorbookshelftobe,youcantakeIkea'ssurveyonline.

(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ubiquitous"inParagraph2mean?

A.Beautiful.B.Common.C.Normal.D.Environment.

(2)WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Thedifferencesbetweenrobot-likeandhuman-likeassistants.B.WhatformofAl

assistantspeoplewant.

C.Whatkindoffriendspeoplewant.D.Thepopularrobotsonthemarket.

(3)MostpeoplewhoreceivedthesurveywantedanAlassistantthatcould.

A.helpthembecamesmarterD.communicatewiththemwithouttroubles

C.haveitsownworldviewD.dealwiththeirproblemsinadvance

(4)WhichofthefollowingproductsarefromIkea?

A.Smartsofasthatcanspeaktoyou.B.Smartbedsthancantrackyourdailymovements.

C.Wirelesschargingcars.D.Rustlessbikeswithoutchains.

【答案】(1)B

(2)B

(3)D

(4)D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了瑞典的一家家具公司做了一項研究，調查人

們想要什么樣的智能家居。

(1)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的"Alisnowwalkingintomoreaspectsofpeople'sdaily

lives.”可猜測出Assmarthometechnologieshavebecomemoreubiquitous,這句話的意思是智

能家居技術變得越來越普遍，故選

(2)考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段中的"MostparticipantswantedamorehumanOlikeformof

virtual(虛擬的)assistants,asopposedtoonethat