學(xué)年第一學(xué)期浙江北斗星盟階段性聯(lián)考高二年級英語學(xué)科試題考生須知：．本卷共頁滿分分，考試時間分鐘。．答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級、姓名、考場號、座位號及準(zhǔn)考證號并填涂相應(yīng)數(shù)字。．所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷上無效。．考試結(jié)束后，只需上交答題紙。選擇題部分第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題紙上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話讀兩遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whydoesthemanwanttoreturntheitem?A.Itdidn’tarriveintime.B.Itcosthimtoomuchmoney.C.Itisanunwantedbirthdaygift.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Hi,I’dliketoreturnthis,please.W:Okay,sir.Anyparticularreason?M:Itwasabirthdaygift,butitonlyarrivedtoday,andmyfriend’spartywasheldyesterday.Ihadgottenhimsomethingelse.IknewIshouldhavepaidextraforfastdelivery!2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whattypeofgameisthemanplaying?A.Aracingcargame.B.Anescaperoomgame.C.Ahousebuildinggame.【答案】B第1頁/共28頁【解析】【原文】W:Thatgamelooksinteresting.Howdoyouplay?M:Basically,you’reinahousefulloflockedrooms,andyouhavetofindyourwayout,racingagainsttheclock!Someofthequestionsaresodifficultthattheydrivemecrazy,butsolvingthemisreallyfun!3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Asong.B.Aband.C.Aconcert.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Thisisasongbymyfavoriteband.M:likethemtoo?Oh,cool!Ithinkthey’rebrilliant,buthardlyanyone’sheardofthem!Didyouseethemplayintownlasttime?W:Ofcourse!I’vebeentoalltheirconcerts!4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Howwillthewomangohometonight?A.Bysubway.B.Bytrain.C.Bycar.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Haveyouseenthecrazytraffic?I’mwonderingifIshouldleavemycarheretonightandtakethesubwayhome.M:There’sbeenanaccidentnearthetrainstation.Butdon’tworry.Theradiojustsaidit’llbeclearedupwithinanhour.W:That’sgood!5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatistheproblemwiththewoman’sclothes?A.TheyarethesameasJessica’s.B.Theyhavebeenworntoomanytimes.C.Theydon’tmatchthepartyatmosphere.【答案】C【解析】第2頁/共28頁【原文】M:IsthatyourHalloweenpartycostume?W:What’swrongwithit?IknowIworethesamethingtoJessica’sbirthday,butit’sthebestIcoulddoatshortnotice.M:Iunderstandthat.Butthethemeis“FrightNight”,not“PrettyPrincess”!第二節(jié)（共小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。6.Whatwillthewomandofortheman?A.Careforhispet.B.Cleanhishouse.C.Cookfoodforhim.7.HowoftendoesthewomanneedtofeedGoldie?A.Everyday.B.Everytwodays.C.Onceaweek.【答案】6.A7.A【解析】【原文】M:ThankssomuchforagreeingtolookafterGoldiewhileI’maway.It’snoteasytofindsomeonetocareforher!W:Oh,Ilovepets.IalsokeepaBengalcatathome.So,walkmethrougheverything.M:Allyouneedtodoisgiveherfreshwaterdailyandcleanherenvironmentonceaweek.W:Soundseasyenough.M:Ifeedheronecanofwetfoodeveryday.W:Onlyone?Thatdoesn’tseemmuchforhersize!M:Haha!8Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Oldfriends.B.Newroommates.第3頁/共28頁C.Apartmentownerandrenter.9.Howdoesthewomanfeelatfirst?A.Surprised.B.Anxious.C.Relaxed.10.Whatdothespeakersplantodofirst?A.alookaround.B.Establishthehouserules.C.Gettoknowoneanother.【答案】8.B9.B10.A【解析】【原文】W:Hi!mustbeM:That’sright.AreyouClara?W:Ofcourse.Otherwise,astrangewomanhasletherselfintoyourapartment!M:Haha!W:Sorry,Itellbadjokestogetmenervous!M:Oh,don’tbe!Movinginwithsomeoneyoudon’tknowisabitstrange.ButIpromiseI’measytolivewith!W:theapartmentownergaveyouagreatpersonalremendation!Doyouknowherwell?M:She’sanoldfriendofmymom’s.WhensheheardIwantedtomoveout,shesuggestedthisplace.ShallIgiveyouatour?W:please!Thenweshouldprobablydiscusshouserules.Idon’twanttoupsetyouinmyfirstweek!Whathasthewomanrecentlybought?A.Anewphone.B.Anewphonecover.C.Anewlaptopbag.12.Whichpaintingdoesthewomanlikebest?A.TheKiss.B.StarryNight.C.GirlwithaPearlEarring.13.WhatmakesGirlwithaPearlEarringsopopularaccordingtotheman?A.Thebeautyofthegirl.B.Theartist’suseofcolor.C.Thearrangementofthekeyelements.【答案】B12.A13.C第4頁/共28頁【解析】【原文】M:Newphone?W:Iwish!Ijusttheoldonewithanewlook.M:That’saGoghpainting,isn’tit?W:it’sStarryNight.Iloveitscolors.IgotitfromawebsitethatsellsallkindsoffineartM:Oh,cool!W:IboughtTheKisstomatchmylaptopbag.That’smyfavoritepainting!Buttherewasn’tonethatfittedmyphone.M:Whynotchoosesomethingelseinstead?LikeGirlwithaPearlEarring.W:Oh,that’sbeautiful!Idon’tknowanybodywhodoesn’tlikeit.M:apparentlythere’sascientificreasonforthat!W:Really?M:Theeyes,mouthandearringofthegirlcreatea“triangleeffect”.Thiskeepsyoureyemovingbetweenthethreepoints,holdingyourattention.W:howcool!14.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atabusstation.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inacafé.15.Whattimeisitnow?A.At3:40p.m.B.At4:15p.m.C.At4:50p.m.16.Whydothespeakersgiveuptheroboticarmidea?A.Theycan’tfinishitintime.B.Theyeupwithabetteridea.C.Theythinkit’snotinterestingenough.17.Whatmoninterestdothespeakersprobablyhave?A.Animalcare.B.Selfdriving.C.Filmmaking.【答案】14.C15.A16.A17.C【解析】【原文】W:Here’syourSorry,thelinewasreallyslow!第5頁/共28頁M:It’sfine!Thank.Thisplaceisfulloftouriststoday.areluckytogetatableW:So,Iwonderedifyouhaveapartnerfortheschoolinventionpetitionyet.M:No.Iwasplanningtoaskyou!W:Really?Perfect!Doyouhavetimetorunthroughsomeideas?M:Sure!Mybusisn’tuntil4:30p.m.,soI’vegot50minutes.W:Great.Anyideas?M:I’veconsideredaninsectinspiredflyingmachine,oraroboticarmbasedonoctopuses(章魚).Butthefirstideaisn’texactlyexciting.W:Ilikethesecondone.Butcouldwereallyfinishinsixweeks?M:Probablynot.Forgetthatone,then.Haveyouhadanythoughts?W:Iwatchedavideoabouthowchickenscankeeptheirheadsstill,nomatterhowmuchtheirbodiesmovearound.M:Right...W:DidyouremembertheproblemswehadfilmingthedrivingscenesforourDirector’sClubproject?M:wecouldn’tkeepthecamerastillenough...Areyousuggestingachickeninspiredcamerastabilizer(相機(jī)穩(wěn)定器)?W:Exactly!18.HowdidMontyRobertsmainlyfeelafterseeing“F”onhispaper?A.Surprised.B.Unconcerned.C.Disappointed.19WhoinspiredMontyRobertstowriteabookabouthislife?A.TheQueenoftheUK.B.Hishighschoolteacher.C.AnactorinHollywood.20.WhenwasMontyRobertsprobablyborn?A.In1931．B.In1935．C.In1966．【答案】18.A19.A20.B【解析】【原文】Whenhisteacheraskedtheclasstowriteabouttheirfuturedreams,highschoolstudentMontyRobertsdidn’thesitate.Heproducedadetailedsevenpagepaperabouthisdreamofraisingracehorses.Butafter第6頁/共28頁allhishardwork,hewasshockedwhenthepaperwasreturnedwithabigred“F”onthefront.Histeachersaid,“Apoorboylikeyouwillneverachievesomethinglikethis:rewriteitoracceptthefailinggrade.”Aftersomethought,Robertsdecidednottorewritehispaper.keepyourF,”hetoldhisteacher.“I’llkeepmydream.”MontyRobertswentontobeeoneoftheworld’sgreatesthorsetrainers.HiscreativetrainingmethodsnotonlyattractedtheattentionofHollywoodbutevenQueenElizabethII.Shewassoimpressedthatsheencouragedhimtowriteabookabouthislife.Robertsboughthisdreamranchin1966,agedjust31.Andtothisday,his“failed”paperhangsproudlyonthewall,servingasaremindertostaytruetohimself.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分分）第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AinWhenplacesarewellknownandpopular,wemighttakeitforgrantedthatthey’llbearoundforever.Butsadly,manyoftheworld’sbestknownandculturallysignificantlandmarksareindanger.Herearesomeofthetoptouristattractionsthatcoulddisappearinthenotdistantfuture.Thereef,whichremainsthelargestcoralreefecosystemintheworld,hassufferedenormouslyoverrecentyears,withcoralbleaching—causedbyclimatechange—removingthecoralofitsnutrients.Predictionshavewarnedthatthedamagetoitcouldbeeunstoppableinthenext10years.As“thelargestsubtropicalwildernessreserve”inNorthAmerica,it’sbeenabelovedtraveldestinationforAmericansfordecades,butitssurvivalfirstcameintoquestionafteritwasbeatenbyHurricaneAndrewin1993.Meanwhile,it’shumaninfluencethathasposedtheprimarythreat.Now,itsvast,diversewildlifeismorethreatenedthaneverbefore.Kilimanjaro,oneoftheSevenSummits,provesthatevengiantscanfalltoclimatechange.Whilethemountainitselfisn’tinurgentdanger,itsiconicsnowcap,whichhadlost85percentofthetotalareaofitsicefieldsbetween1912and2007,mightvanishsoon—withtheremainingicetobehistoryasearlyas2030.第7頁/共28頁LocatedinsouthernPeru,MachuPicchu,theincredibleIncanruins,iswidelyconsideredoneofthemustseespotsinSouthAmerica.Unfortunately,thesitehasbeenavictimofovertourism,seeingtheharmfulofthefloodoftouristsitgetsastheyweardownthestructures,leadingUNESCOtoworkforitspreservation.Thereareplentyofresourcesyoucanusetohelppreserveendangeredspotslikethese.Forstarters,youcoulddonatetoUNESCO’sHeritageCentre.UNESCOalsogivescitizensanoptiontoreportthreatstoprotectedsitesbyscrollingtothebottomofthispageforcontactinformation.21.WhatwarningdopredictionsgiveabouttheGreatBarrierReef?A.Thereefwillregainallitsnutrientsinthenextdecade.B.Thereefwillprobablybedestroyedinthenextdecade.C.Thereefwillbenolongeraffectedbycoralbleachingsoon.D.Thereefwillloseitsstatusasthelargestcoralreefecosystemsoon.22.Whathasposedamondecisivethreattothesitesmentionedinthetext?A.Naturaldisasters.B.Overtourismimpact.C.Humanactivities.D.Thenaturalaging.23.Whereisthistextmostlikelytakenfrom?A.Ageographytextbook.B.Atravelbrochure.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Apublicwebsite.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要講述了一些世界著名的旅游景點(diǎn)可能在我們有生之年消失及其原因和保護(hù)措施?！?1題詳解】部分中“Predictionshavewarnedthatthedamagetoitcouldbeeunstoppableinthenext10years.(預(yù)測警告稱，未來10年，對它的破壞可能會變得不可阻擋。)”可知，預(yù)測警告大堡礁可能在未來十年內(nèi)被破壞。故選B?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)部分中“Meanwhile,it’shumaninfluencethathasposedtheprimarythreat.(與此同時，人類的影響構(gòu)成了主要威脅。)”以及部分中“Kilimanjaro,oneoftheSevenSummits,provesthatevengiantscanfalltoclimatechange.(乞力馬扎羅山是七)”和部分中“Unfortunately,the第8頁/共28頁sitehasbeenavictimofovertourism,seeingtheharmfulofthefloodoftouristsitgetsastheyweardownthestructures,leadingUNESCOtoworkforitspreservation.(的涌入對其造成了破壞性影響，導(dǎo)致聯(lián)合國教科文組織致力于保護(hù)該遺址。)”可知，人類活動對文中提到的景點(diǎn)構(gòu)成了共同的決定性威脅。故選C。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)最后一段中“UNESCOalsogivescitizensanoptiontoreportthreatstoprotectedsitesbyscrollingtothebottomofthispageforcontactinformation.(聯(lián)合國教科文組織還為公民提供了一個選項(xiàng)，通過滾動到頁面底部獲取聯(lián)系方式來報告受保護(hù)遺址受到的威脅。)”可知，本文最有可能來自一個公共網(wǎng)站。故選D。BLifeisprettyunpredictable.Onecanneverknowwhatisinstoreforthemunlessitisunexpectedlythrownatthem.Somepeoplearelostinsorrowsandincapableofmovingonwhileotherslearnfromitandeoutevenstronger.SimilarwasthecasewithJordan.Sincechildhood,Jordanhasbeenadedicatedsportsenthusiastwhonevermissedoutonpracticesandrosequicklytoexcellence.Determinedtopursueasportscareer,heearnedaMaster’sdegreeinBiomechanicsandbegancoachingatschool.Unluckily,hisprofessionalcareerendedwhenhewasathispeak.Hewasoneofthestrongestandmostpetitiveplayersonhisteam,butaninjurywasallittooktobringhimdown.Hesufferedfromasevereinjuryinhislowerback,duetowhichhecouldneverreturntoprofessionalplaying.Insteadofsittingbackandgoingintoanepisodeofshockanddepressionasmostathletesdo,Jordanmadeitanopportunitytogrowinanewfield.hiscareerbeingendedunexpectedly,hepromisedhimselftoeducateathletesonmovingproperlyandtakingcareofthemselves.Hewouldalsopushthebodytophysicalandmentalextremes.AccordingtoJordan,“Ihavelongthoughtacoachshouldbeanexpertinallaspectsoflife,andthatiswhatI’vesetouttodo.”Hemotivateshistraineestofollowhismotto,thatis,“Dowhatyoudo...withallyourmight.”Althoughthis35yearoldprofessionalwentthroughthephaseofendinghiscareerearly,heisalwaysdrivenbythepassionfortraininganddevelopinghealthyliferoutinesforyouthathletes.Heaimstohelpthemgrowandreachtheirpotentialtothefullestanddonotrepeatthesamemistakehemadethatendedhiscareer.highspiritedindividualslikeJordan,ambitiousathleteshaveanexcellentsourcetogetinspirationfrom.24.WhydidJordanendhiscareerasaprofessionalplayer?A.Hewasdeterminedtoexploreanewcareer.B.Hemadeapromisetocoachyoungathletes.第9頁/共28頁C.Hewasnotenthusiasticaboutsportsanymore.D.Hewasattackedbyunexpectedphysicaldamage.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph3referto?A.Guidingyoungathletes.B.Recoveringfromtheinjury.C.Endinghissportscareer.D.Returningtoprofessionalplaying.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJordan?A.Inspiringandtough.B.Professionalandproud.C.andconsiderate.D.Ambitiousandcreative.27.Whatlifelessonscanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Healthiswealth.B.Preventionisbetterthancure.C.Practicemakesperfect.D.Whenonedoorcloses,anotheropens.【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了人生充滿變數(shù)，運(yùn)動員喬丹巔峰時因重傷終結(jié)職業(yè)生涯，但他沒有消沉，轉(zhuǎn)而執(zhí)教并指導(dǎo)運(yùn)動員科學(xué)運(yùn)動，以自身經(jīng)歷激勵他人成長?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Unluckily,hisprofessionalcareerendedwhenhewasathispeak.Hewasoneofthestrongestandmostpetitiveplayersonhisteam,butaninjurywasallittooktobringhimdown.Hesufferedfromasevereinjuryinhislowerback,duetowhichhecouldneverreturntoprofessionalplaying.(職業(yè)生涯在巔峰時期戛然而止。他是隊(duì)里最強(qiáng)、最具有競爭力的球員之一，但一場傷病就讓他一蹶不振。他因下背部嚴(yán)重受傷而無法再從事職業(yè)比賽了。)”可知，他因背部嚴(yán)重受傷而無法繼續(xù)職業(yè)運(yùn)動生涯。故選D。【25題詳解】Hesufferedfromasevereinjuryinhislowerback,duetowhichhecouldneverreturntoprofessionalplaying.(他因下背部嚴(yán)重受傷而無法再從事職業(yè)比賽了。)”以及第三段“Insteadofsittingbackandgoingintoanepisodeofshockanddepressionasmostathletesdo,Jordanmadeitanopportunitytogrowinanewfield.(大多數(shù)運(yùn)動員在遭遇挫折后往往會陷入極度的震驚和抑郁之中，而喬丹卻將這次挫折視為一個在新領(lǐng)域中成長的機(jī)會。)”可知，喬丹沒有像多數(shù)運(yùn)動員那樣消沉，而是把職業(yè)生涯被迫終結(jié)這件事當(dāng)作在新領(lǐng)域成長的機(jī)會。因此it指代的是“結(jié)束他的體育生涯”。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Insteadofsittingbackandgoingintoanepisodeofshockanddepressionasmost第10頁/共28頁athletesdo,Jordanmadeitanopportunitytogrowinanewfield.hiscareerbeingendedunexpectedly,hepromisedhimselftoeducateathletesonmovingproperlyandtakingcareofthemselves.(大多數(shù)運(yùn)動員在遭遇挫折后往往會陷入極度的震驚和抑郁之中，而喬丹卻將這次挫折視為一個在新領(lǐng)域中成長的機(jī)會。由于職業(yè)生涯意外終止，他承諾要向運(yùn)動員們傳授正確的運(yùn)動姿勢以及自我保健的方法。)”以及第四段“Althoughthis35yearoldprofessionalwentthroughthephaseofendinghiscareerearly,heisalwaysdrivenbythepassionfortraininganddevelopinghealthyliferoutinesforyouthathletes.(盡管這位35歲的專業(yè)人士曾經(jīng)歷過提前結(jié)束職業(yè)生涯的階段，但他始終被培養(yǎng)年輕運(yùn)動員以及為他們制定健康生活習(xí)慣的熱情所驅(qū)動。)”可知，全tough）和鼓舞人心（inspiring）的特質(zhì)。故選A?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Insteadofsittingbackandgoingintoanepisodeofshockanddepressionasmostathletesdo,Jordanmadeitanopportunitytogrowinanewfield.hiscareerbeingendedunexpectedly,hepromisedhimselftoeducateathletesonmovingproperlyandtakingcareofthemselves.(大多數(shù)運(yùn)動員在遭遇挫折后往往會陷入極度的震驚和抑郁之中，而喬丹卻將這次挫折視為一個在新領(lǐng)域中成長的機(jī)會。由于職業(yè)生涯意外終止，他承諾要向運(yùn)動員們傳授正確的運(yùn)動姿勢以及自我保健的方法。)”可知，喬丹的故事核心語“Whenonedoorcloses,anotheropensD。CSinceancienttimes,humanshavesoughtwaystodetectdeception(欺騙).Physicalpunishmentwasonceusefulbutlaterrejectedasvictimswouldlietoendpain.Thisledtothesearchfornonforcefulmethod,givingrisetothestudyofbodylanguage,thatis,thenonverbalcluesthatmayrevealdeception.Observingchangesinbodylanguageisasimportantastheactualgesturesthemselves.Whenapersonisaskedtotalkaboutsomethingtheywanttoavoid,theymayslidebackwardintothechairtheyaresittingin.Ihaveseenpeopleslidetheentirechairbackwardagainstawalltocreatedistance.Crossingthelegsorarmsisanunconsciousdefensivegesturethatmightindicatedeception.Iftheinterviewergiveshypotheticalmotivesorexcusesforanincident,theintervieweewillfrequentlynodtheheadupanddowninagreement.Ontheotherhand,forcedtomaintaineyecontactorintentionallyinvadingthepersonalspaceoftheinterviewermightindicateantoappeartruthfulwhentellingalie.Whileobservingbodylanguagecanbeagoodinvestigativetool,Ifeelthenecessitytomakethispoint.Bodylanguageisnotanexactscience.Itisagoodtooltoshowyouareontherighttrack.However,therearevarious第11頁/共28頁reasonswhyitmightnotbeaccurate.Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavegesturesthatmightindicatedeceptionwhenitisjustanormalgesture.Peoplewithmentalhealthordrugissuesmightgiveindicatorsthatgiveyouthewrongidea.Incertaincultures,peoplearetaughtnottomakeeyecontactwithanauthorityfiguresuchasapoliceoryourboss.However,apersondoingthatmightjustbenervousorfromsometypeofPTSD(創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙).Myadviceistotryandknowyoursubject.toknowhowtheyreactduringnormalconversationandbefamiliarwiththeircultureandhowtheywereraised.Neverpassjudgementonbodylanguagealone.Itisjustonepieceoftheinvestigativepuzzle.28.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph1?A.introducethetopicofbodylanguage.B.tracethedevelopmentofdetectionmethods.C.remendtheuseofanonforcefulmethod.D.explaintheabandonmentofphysicalpunishment.29.Whatdoesthegestureofslidingbackintothechairindicate?A.Feelingfear.B.atopic.C.Expressingagreement.D.Hidingthetruth30.Howdoestheauthorsupportthepointthatbodylanguagemightnotbeaccurate?A.Byusingstatisticaldatafromresearchpapers.B.Byprovidingaseriesofexplanatorystatements.C.Byquestioningthemoralityofusingbodylanguage.D.Byparingbodylanguageacrossdifferentcultures.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BodyLanguage:NotanExactScienceforLieDetectionB.DetectedDeception:WhyBodyLanguageAlwaysC.BodyLanguage:TheMostreliabletodetectDeceptionD.DetectedDeception:LimitationsofNonverbalmunication【答案】28.A29.B30.B31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了人類為測謊研究肢體語言，介紹了回避話題等相關(guān)肢體信號，同時指出肢體語言測謊并非精準(zhǔn)科學(xué)，需結(jié)合對象背景綜合判斷。第12頁/共28頁【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Sinceancienttimes,humanshavesoughtwaystodetectdeception(欺騙).Physicalpunishmentwasonceusefulbutlaterrejectedasvictimswouldlietoendpain.Thisledtothesearchfornonforcefulmethod,givingrisetothestudyofbodylanguage,thatis,thenonverbalcluesthatmayrevealdeception.(受害者撒謊以減輕痛苦而被摒棄。這一現(xiàn)象促使人們尋求非暴力的方法，從而引發(fā)了對肢體語言的研究，即那些可能揭示欺騙行為的非言語線索。)”可知，第一段主要作用是引出主題。故選A?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whenapersonisaskedtotalkaboutsomethingtheywanttoavoid,theymayslidebackwardintothechairtheyaresittingin.(當(dāng)有人被要求談?wù)撟约合胍乇艿脑掝}時，他們可能會向后靠在他們所坐的椅子上。)”可知，向后靠回到椅子上的這個動作意味著試圖回避某個話題。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavegesturesthatmightindicatedeceptionwhenitisjustanormalgesture.Peoplewithmentalhealthordrugissuesmightgiveindicatorsthatgiveyouthewrongidea.Incertaincultures,peoplearetaughtnottomakeeyecontactwithanauthorityfiguresuchasapoliceoryourboss.However,apersondoingthatmightjustbenervousorfromsometypeofPTSD(創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙).(來自不同文化背景的人可能會有一些手勢，這些手勢在某些情況下可能被誤認(rèn)為是偽裝的，但其實(shí)它們只是正常的肢體動作。有心理健康問題或吸毒問題的人可能會做出一些會讓你產(chǎn)生誤解的舉動。在某些文化中，人們會被教導(dǎo)不要與權(quán)威人物（如警察或你的上司）進(jìn)行眼神接觸。然而，這樣做的人可能只是很緊張或者患有某種創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙。)”可知，作者通過給出一系列的解釋性陳述論證“肢體語言可能并不準(zhǔn)確”這一觀點(diǎn)。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Whileobservingbodylanguagecanbeagoodinvestigativetool,Ifeelthenecessitytomakethispoint.Bodylanguageisnotanexactscience.Itisagoodtooltoshowyouareontherighttrack.However,therearevariousreasonswhyitmightnotbeaccurate.(雖然觀察肢體語言可以成為一種有效的調(diào)查手段，但我認(rèn)為有必要強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn)。肢體語言并非一門精確的科學(xué)。它能表明你正在正確的方向上前進(jìn)。然而，它也可能存在一些不準(zhǔn)確之處，原因有很多。)”結(jié)合全文圍繞“身體語言可用于測謊，但它并非精確科學(xué)”這一核心展開，既說明了其作用，也強(qiáng)調(diào)了其局限性。選項(xiàng)A“身體語言：并非精確的測謊科學(xué)”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。D第13頁/共28頁Whilepreviousresearchhassuggestedthatthehumanbodyexperiencesthreerapidphasesofagingaroundages40,60,and80,thebrain’splexwiringhasmadesimilarpatternshardertoidentify.Now,anewstudyuncoversthebrain’suniquedevelopmentaltimeline.ByconductinganintegratedanalysisofmultiplemeasuresfromMRIbrainscansofapproximately3,800individuals,researchershaveproposedthatthebrain’sconnectivepathwaysundergofourmajorturningpointsatages9,32,66,and83,definingfivephasesthroughoutalifetime.Thefirstphase,frombirthtoage9,showsthewirystructures(纖細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu))connectingbrainregionsbeinglongerandmoreplexandthebrainispackedwithconnections.Thisdevelopmenttemporarilyreducestheefficiencyofinformationtransfer,asthebrainprioritizesbuildingabroadnetworkforlearning.Asignificantshiftoccursaroundage9,markingthestartofthesecondphase.Thepatternreverses,withconnectionsbeingshorterandmoreefficient,likelyduetothehormonal(荷爾蒙的)influencesofadolescence.Thisenhancementallowsinformationtotravelfaster,potentiallysupportingthedevelopmentofhigherorderfunctionslikeplanningandworkingmemory.Thethirdandlongestphasespansfromage32to66.Duringthistime,thebraincontinuestochange,butatamuchmoregradualpace.Notably,thepatternshiftsbacktowardsaslowdeclineintheefficiencyofconnectionsbetweendifferentbrainregions.Researchersproposethatthischangecouldbelinkedtomajorlifestyletransitionsthatoftenoccurinone’s30s,suchasestablishingacareerorraisingafamily,oritmaysimplybearesultofthebody’sgeneralagingandwearandtear.Thefinalphasesarelinkedtolaterlife.Between66and83,connectionswithinthesamebrainregionaremorestablethanthosebetweendifferentareas,aperiodofincreasedriskforconditionslikedementia(癡呆).From83to90,connectionsbetweenregionsweakenfurther,indicatingfewerresourcestomaintainitsnetwork.Understandingthesenaturalturningpointsprovidesacrucialframework.Ithelpsexplainwhymentalhealthconditionsoftenemergebeforeage25andwhydementiariskrisesafter65.Italsoallowsscientiststoidentifyabnormalitiesinbraindisorders,guidingfutureinterventions.However,furtherstudiesarestillneededtoconfirmifthesepatternsapplytomorediversepopulations.32.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondphaseofbraindevelopment?A.Thebrainstopscreatingnewconnectionstofocusonspeed.B.Hormonalchangesmightbeacauseforimprovingthebrain’snetwork.C.Theefficiencyofinformationtransferissacrificedforabroadernetwork.D.Thisperiodisthepeakofhumancognitiveperformance,whichthendeclines.33.Whydidtheauthormention“majorlifestyletransitions”inparagraph4?第14頁/共28頁A.provideapossibleexplanationfortheobservedpatternshift.B.emphasizethatbrainchangesareindependentofbiologicalaging.C.arguethatlifestylechoicesarethemajorcauseofbrainagingafter30.D.criticizethenegativeimpactofcareerandfamilypressuresonbrainhealth.34.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.challengethepreviousfindingsonhumanagingphases.B.detailthesymptomsofcognitivedeclineindifferentlifestages.C.explainanewunderstandingofthebrain’sevolvingconnectivity.D.advocateformoreMRIscanstoanalyzethebody’sagingpatterns.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefindingsofthenewstudy?A.Critical.B.Disapproving.C.Favourable.D.Objective.【答案】32.B33.A34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一項(xiàng)新研究，研究揭示了大腦連接路徑的四個主要轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)及五個發(fā)展階段?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Asignificantshiftoccursaroundage9,markingthestartofthesecondphase.Thepatternreverses,withconnectionsbeingshorterandmoreefficient,likelyduetothehormonalinfluencesofadolescence.(大約在9歲時會出現(xiàn)一個重大轉(zhuǎn)變，標(biāo)志著第二階段的開始。這種模式發(fā)生逆轉(zhuǎn)，連接變得更短、更高效，這可能是由于青春期荷爾蒙的影響。)”可知，荷爾蒙變化可能是大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)提升的一個原因。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thethirdandlongestphasespansfromage32to66.Duringthistime,thebraincontinuestochange,butatamuchmoregradualpace.Notably,thepatternshiftsbacktowardsaslowdeclineintheefficiencyofconnectionsbetweendifferentbrainregions.Researchersproposethatthischangecouldbelinkedtomajorlifestyletransitionsthatoftenoccurinone’s30s,suchasestablishingacareerorraisingafamily,oritmaysimplybearesultofthebody’sgeneralagingandwearandtear.(第三階段也是最長的階段，從32歲持續(xù)到66歲。在此期間，大腦繼續(xù)發(fā)生變化，但速度要慢得多。值得注意的是，這種模式又轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椴煌X區(qū)之間連接效率的緩慢下降。研究人員提出，這種變化可能與人們30多歲時經(jīng)常經(jīng)歷的重大生活轉(zhuǎn)變有關(guān)，比如建立事業(yè)或養(yǎng)育家庭，也可能僅僅是身體自然衰老和磨損的結(jié)果。)”可知，作者提到“重大生活方式轉(zhuǎn)變”第15頁/共28頁是為了為觀察到的模式變化提供一種可能的解釋。故選A。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Now,anewstudyuncoversthebrain’suniquedevelopmentaltimeline.ByconductinganintegratedanalysisofmultiplemeasuresfromMRIbrainscansofapproximately3,800individuals,researchershaveproposedthatthebrain’sconnectivepathwaysundergofourmajorturningpointsatages9,32,66,and83,definingfivephasesthroughoutalifetime.(大約3800人的MRI9歲、32歲、66歲和83歲時經(jīng)歷四個主要轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，定義了人一生的五個階段。)”以及下文對大腦發(fā)展階段的詳細(xì)解釋可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是解釋對大腦連接性演變的新認(rèn)知。故選C。【35題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Understandingthesenaturalturningpointsprovidesacrucialframework.Ithelpsexplainwhymentalhealthconditionsoftenemergebeforeage25andwhydementiariskrisesafter65.Italsoallowsscientiststoidentifyabnormalitiesinbraindisorders,guidingfutureinterventions.However,furtherstudiesarestillneededtoconfirmifthesepatternsapplytomorediversepopulations.(理解這些自然的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)提供了一個至關(guān)重要的框架。這有助于解釋為什么心理健康問題經(jīng)常在25歲之前出現(xiàn)，以及為什么65歲以后患癡呆癥的風(fēng)險會增加。它還使科學(xué)家能夠識別大腦疾病中的異常，指導(dǎo)未來的干預(yù)措施。然而，仍需要進(jìn)一步的研究來證實(shí)這些模式是否適用于更多樣化的人群。)”可知，作者客觀地陳述了新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)及其意義，同時也指出了研究的局限性，因此作者對新研究的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）Inanerafilledwithdistractions—fromphonenotificationsorsocialmediatonoisyclassroomsor—stayingfocusedwhilestudyinghasbeeamajorchallengeformanystudents.____36____Herearesometipstohelpyoustayconcentratedandmakeyourstudytimemoreproductive.Initially,createadedicatedstudyspace.Havingaspecificareaforstudying,likeadeskinyourroomoraquietcornerinthelibrary,helpstrainyourbraintoassociatethatspacewith“workmode”.Ensurethisareaiswelllit,freeofame