2025-2026學(xué)年上學(xué)期期末考試高二年級(jí)英語(yǔ)本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分，共16頁(yè)?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)清楚，將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂；非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書(shū)寫(xiě)，字體工整、筆跡清楚。3.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效；在草稿紙、試題卷上答題無(wú)效。4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫(huà)出，確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。5.保持卡面清潔，不要折疊，不要弄破、弄皺，不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第Ⅰ卷（選擇題部分，共90分）第一部分聽(tīng)力（1～20小題，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話讀兩遍。1.Whatwillthespeakersmostlikelydoafterlunch?A.Visitastore.B.Attendaworkshop.C.Writeapaper.2.Whatdidtheman'ssistermajorin?A.Fashiondesign.B.Medicine.C.Engineering.3.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Giftsforafriend.B.Aliteratureevent.C.Agoing-awayparty.4.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Atacafé.B.Atauniversity.C.Atananimalshelter.5.Howcantheman'srecipebedescribed?A.It’sareward.B.It’sasuccess.C.It’saproblem.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wherearethespeakers?A.AtTom’shouse.B.Inameetingroom.C.Atatrainstation.7.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelintheend?A.Worried.B.Relieved.C.Angry.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatistheman’sproblem?A.Hehasatemperature.B.Heisstrugglingtosaveenergy.C.Heistoocoldtodohiswork.9.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Inthewoman’shouse.C.Inaschool.10.Whatdoesthewomansuggest?A.Stoppingworkingrightnow.B.Takingbettercareoftheirhealth.C.Discussingtheissuewiththeleader.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Howdothespeakersfeelnow?A.Bored.B.Disappointed.C.Excited.12.Whatdoesthewomanintendtobuy?A.Modelcars.B.Someplants.C.Doll’shouses.13.Whatwillthemanprobablydofirst?A.Gotothebathroom.B.Getsomethingtoeat.C.Buythetickets.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Strangers.C.Teacherandstudent.15.Whatmonthisitnow?A.September.B.October.C.November.16.Whatsportwasthemaninvolvedin?A.Football.B.Swimming.C.Basketball.17.Whatdoesthemanprobablywanttobeinthefuture?A.Adoctor.B.Anathlete.C.Anartist.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthemainfocusoftheprogram?A.Managementskills.B.Artisticappreciation.C.Scientificexploration.19.Whatwillstudentsneedtodoatthestartoftheprogram?A.Sitanexam.B.Giveareport.C.Designanexperiment.20.Whatisspecialabouttheprogram?A.Itstressestheoreticalstudy.B.Itorganizesactivitiesoutsideschool.C.Itspecializesincomputer-assistedresearch.第二部分閱讀（共四節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheLanguageExchangeProgrammeenablesstudentstoteamupinpairsandpracticetwodistinctlanguageseveryweek—onetheycanteachandonetheyaimtolearn.Aftereachmeeting,participantsarerequiredtowriteshortjournals,notingthelanguageskillstheyhavepracticedandthetopicstheyhavediscussed.Overthecourseofaterm,eachpairwillmeetwithasupervisingteacherthreetimes;theteacherwillassesswhetherthelanguageexchangeisrunningeffectively.Studentswhofinishtheprogrammesuccessfullywillbeawardedoneacademiccredit.RequirementsforCompletion?AttendonemandatorywelcomingsessiononthesecondFridayoftheterm?Takepartin18weeklyone-hourpairmeetings?Submitaweeklyprogressreportforeachpairmeeting?Attendaminimumofthreemeetingswiththesupervisingteacherasapair?Createafive-minutefinalvideopresentationabouttheexchangeexperienceSign-up&RegistrationProcess?Studentssignuponlineandspecifythelanguagestheycanteachandthelanguagestheywanttolearn.?Theprogrammeorganizersidentifypotentialmatchesbasedontheinformationprovidedbyeachstudent.?Students’languageproficiencylevelsareverifiedthrougheithertheirpreviouscourseworkoraplacementtest.?Onceasuitablepairisconfirmed,eachstudentwillbecontactedpersonallyandgivenauniquepermissioncodetocompletetheregistration.ImportantRemindersSigningupdoesnotguaranteeregistrationorparticipation.Pairingisstrictlybasedonsharedlanguageinterestsandmatchingproficiencylevels.Duetovariousfactorsinvolvedinthematchingprocess,noteverystudentwhosignsupwillbepairedwithapartnerandthuseligibleforregistration.21.Whatdostudentsneedtodoaftereachpairmeetingintheprogramme?A.Assesstheeffectivenessoftheexchange.B.Writeashortrecordoftheirpracticeandtopics.C.Meetwiththesupervisingteacherimmediately.D.Prepareaprogressreportforthewholeterm.22.Whichofthefollowingisarequirementforcompletingtheprogramme?A.Takingalanguageplacementtest.B.Attending18weeklyone-hourpairmeetings.C.Creatingaten-minutefinalvideopresentation.D.Organizingawelcomingsessionfornewstudents.23.Whatisanecessarystepforstudentsduringthesign-upprocess?A.Submittingpreviouscourseworkcertificates.B.Choosingasuitablepartnerbythemselves.C.Statingthelanguagestheycanteachandlearn.D.Obtainingauniquepermissioncodefromteachers.BBeingawriterinthe21stcenturycankeepyouinfrontofascreenforsolongthatitfeelsliketheroomissideways.BeingahumanwiththeInternetcanmeanhoursspentonsocialmedia,scrollingandpostingforsolongthatyoursenseofrealityactuallybecomessideways.Threeyearsago,Istartedtosearchforwaystodealwithmyanxiety.Ihadabrilliantidea,onethatfeltcompletelyforeigntopeoplelikeme:I’dgooutside,totherealoutside.Igrewupinthecity,nothikingorcamping,soIknewnothingabouttheoutdoors.Ihavethreekidswithendlessenergy,soIfiguredIcouldsolvetwoquestionsatonce.Iwouldgetabreatherfrommyjobandthekidswouldplaywithinsectsandrealizethereisnothingbetterthannature.WedrovetoGreatFalls,Virginia,wherehundredsofpeopleonanygivendayspenthoursmeanderingthroughthehillsideandforest.Thebluewaterpulsed,turningwhiteandcrashingpowerfullyhundredsoffeetbeneathus.Thekidsheldtheirbreathasiftheyhadseenmagics.Butit’sjustnature,justtheoutside,andthathadbeenthereallalong.Sincethen,we’vebeenfascinated.LastsummerIfeltmyhome’swallsclosingin,soIdecidedtogocamping.Ibuiltmyfirstfire.Mykidswatchedmyeverymove,askingeverytenminutestohelpgetmorebranchesandroastmeat.Aboutamonth,mycravingtotakeabreakfromthecitygrewagain.Wecampedtwomoretimesbeforethecoldcame,eachtimeseeingabitmoreofwhatnaturehadtooffercityfolks.24.Whydidtheauthordecidetogooutsidethreeyearsago?A.Becausehewasinterestedinnature.B.Becausehehopedtoreduceanxiety.C.Becausehefellinlovewithcamping.D.Becausehewaseagerfortheoutdoors.25.Whatdoestheauthorwanthiskidstodo?A.Enjoythebeautyofnature.B.Stayawayfromsocialmedia.C.Learntoprotectthemselves.D.Choosetodowhattheyarefondof.26.HowdidthekidsfeelaboutthetourtoGreatFalls?A.Tired.B.Scared.C.Bored.D.Excited.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“craving”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Memory.B.Chance.C.Desire.D.Ability.CThehumanspine,orbackbone,doesn’tjusthelpusstandupstraight.Insidethespineisthespinalcord(脊髓),whichcarriesimportantinformationbetweentheheadandthelowerpartofthebody.Thisinformationmovesaroundastiny,shortbursts(短脈沖)ofelectricitywhichtravelbetweenthebrainandtheotherpartsofthebody.Thelegsandfeetsend“sense”informationtothebrain,sayingthey’rehurtorhot,forexample.Andthebrainsendssignalstothelowerbody,perhapstellingthelegstowalk,dance,orsitdown.Whensomeone'sspinalcordishurt,thismeansthatinformationaboutsensesdoesn’treachthebrainfromthelowerbody,andthatcontrolsignalscan’tmakeittothelowerbodyfromthebrain.Whenthathappens,apersonis“paralyzed”,andhecan'tmovehislegs.NowscientistsinLausanne,Switzerlandhavegiventhreeparalyzedmentheabilitytowalkagain.Tohelpthemwalkagain,themenhadoperations.Aspecialdevicewasplaceddirectlyonthelowerpartoftheirspinalcord.This“implant”containedsixteenelectrodes.Electrodesaresmallobjectsthatelectricitycanpassthrough.Theresearchersmadesuretheelectrodesontheimplantwerelinedupwiththebundlesofnerves(神經(jīng)末梢)thatcontrolthelegmuscles.Tobeginwith,thescientistscontrolledtheimplantsfromatabletcomputer.Justhoursaftertheimplantswerefirstused,allthreemenweretakingsteps,withsupport.Inthepast,scientistshavehadsomesuccesswithsimilarimplantsinthelowerspine.Somepatientshaveeventrainedthemselvesovermonthstobeabletowalk.Thisresearchisdifferent.Thepatient’sbrainisn’tsending“walking”messagestotheirlegs.Instead,thetablettellstheimplanttosendthewalkingmessages.Theresearchersusedcomputerstocreatepatternsofmovementthatwouldworkwellwitheachpatient.Thepatientthenusesthetablettochoosethepatterntheywant.Thattriggers(觸發(fā))theimplantandthemusclesmoveinthechosenway.Overtime,themenwereabletowalkentirelyontheirown.28.Whatisthefunctionofthespinalcord?A.Ithelpsusstandupstraight.B.Itsendsinstructionstothebody.C.Itconnectsdifferentpartsofthebody.D.Itdeliversinformationbetweendifferentpartsofthebody.29.Whathappenedtothethreeparalyzedmen?A.Theoperationsenabledthemtowalkagain.B.Thescientistsputaspecialdevicenexttotheirspines.C.Theycouldfeeltheelectricitypassingthroughtheirbodies.D.Theyreplacedthenervesthatcontrolthelegmuscleswithelectrodes.30.Accordingtothetext,howisthisresearchdifferentfromtheoneinthepast?A.Thepositionoftheimplantischanged.B.Thepatientsneedmoretimetorecover.C.Thepatientsareabletowalkindependentlysoonaftertheoperation.D.Theinstructionstowalkaregivenbytheimplantratherthanthebrain.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhatIsResponsibleforParalysisB.HowDoesSpineWorkinOurBodyC.SpineImplantLetsParalyzedPeopleWalkAgainD.ScientistsUseTabletComputertoControlPatients’MovementDAbout900milesoffthecoastofChile,scientistshavediscoveredanunderwatermountainhometoprimitiveecosystemsthattheybelievehostatleast20previouslyunknownspecies.Theteammappeda1.9-miletallseamount,whichispartoftheNazcaRidge(NR),anunderwatermountainrangeinthesoutheastPacificOcean.Thepotentiallynewspeciesthathaveyettobeofficiallyconfirmedincludeaseaurchin,starfishandasquatlobster.ThefindingswillbesubmittedtotheOceanCensus,whichpromotesthediscoveryofnewseaspeciesfortheconfirmation.TheteamalsodocumentedraresightingsofthedelightfullynamedCasperoctopusandrecordedalivesquid,acreaturethathadonlypreviouslybeenstudiedfromafewdeadsamples.Thediscoveriesaretheresultofa28-dayexpedition(考察)totheNR,ledbySchmidtOceanInstitute.Beforethismission,theheightandtheexactlocationofthemountainrangeweren’tknown,researcherssaid.Newtechnologyallowedresearcherstostudythecomplexdepthwithgreateraccuracythanwhatwaspreviouslypossible.ResearchersusedaremotelyoperatedvehiclenamedSuBastiantogatherimagestomaptheseafloor.Only26%oftheseafloorhasbeenmappedwithsuchhighresolution,saidSchmidtOceanInstitute'sdirectorJyotikaVirmani.“Throughthemap,eachexpeditionletushaveabetterunderstandingoftheunknownseabedandmadeusfocusmoreonthelivesonourhomeplanet,”shesaid.TheInstitute'stwopriorexpeditionstotheNRandtheneighbouringSalasyGómezRidge(SyGR),inJanuaryandFebruary,2024,ledtothediscoveryof150newspecies.Bothmountainrangesareinthehighseasandlieoutsideofanycountry.They’rebeingthreatenedsincetherearetheeffectsofclimatechange,plasticpollution,overfishingandpotentialdeep-seamining.WehopetheregioncontainingtheNRandtheSyGRisacandidatetobecomeaseaprotectedareathatcouldprotectsealifefromactivitiessuchascommercialfishingoroildrilling.Wehopethedatagatheredfromtheseexpeditionswillhelpinformfuturepolicies,safeguardingtheseundevelopedenvironmentsforfuturegenerations.32.Whatwilltheteamdoforthepotentiallynewspecies?A.Findaseafloorforthem.B.Helpdospeciesidentification.C.ReturnthemtotheNR.D.Documentthemfordeadsamples.33.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheNR?A.Ithadbeenwell-studiedbeforetheexpedition.B.Researchershadknownitsrarespeciesbefore.C.Researcherstoucheditseverycornerinperson.D.Newtechnologyhelpedexploreitfruitfully.34.WhatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellusabouttheNRandtheSyGR?A.Theirecosystemsareagreatconcern.B.Theybothbecameseaprotectedareas.C.Theyarefreefromdeep-seaminingactivities.D.Theirlocationspromotecommercialfishing.35.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanweprobablyreadthispassage?A.TourismandCulture.B.SportsandFitness.C.NatureandBiodiversity.D.HistoryandTraditions.閱讀第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。NobelPrize-winningphysicistRichardFeynmaninventedthesmartlearningmethodnamedtheFeynmanTechnique(費(fèi)曼學(xué)習(xí)法).Itinvolvesexplainingwhatyou'relearningtoothers.Itisbyteachingwhatyou’velearnedfrommemorythatyouengageinactiverecall.36Italsoensuresthatyouunderstandthetopic,becauseyoucanonlyexplainanideaifyoutrulyunderstandit.Thetechniqueconsistsoffourrepeatablesteps.Tobegin,chooseaconceptortopicyouwishtofullyunderstand.37Themoreinterestedyouare,thefasteryou’llgraspit.Moreover,apersonallyinterestingtopicwillkeepyoumotivatedandengaged. 38Writenotesandexplainthecontentinsimplelanguagethatafive-year-oldcanfollow.Ifyou’dratheravoidactuallyteachingsomeone,youcanjustteachittoanimaginaryaudience.Butitworksmuchbetterifyouuserealpeople.They’llbeabletoletyouknowwhensomethingisn’tclear.Whileteachingyoumaydiscovergapsinyourunderstanding.39Youcangooveryournotes,rereadyourbooks,orseekexternalhelpandthiswillensureyouhaveacompleteunderstandingofthecontextbeforeyoumoveon.Nowthatyoufullygrasptheconcept,testyourunderstandingbytryingtoteachittoanotherperson.Thiswillhelpyouidentifyanyremainingareasofuncertaintyyouneedtorevisit.TheFeynmanTechniqueisagreatwayforkidsandgrown-upstolearn.Itismentallydemanding.Youneedtoactivelythinkabouttheprobleminsteadofpassivelyreadingorlisteningtosomeoneelse.40A.However,withgreateffortsinmasteringthismethod,you'llseeyourlearningresultsimprovequickerthaneverbefore.B.Thishelpstheinformationstickinyourmindbetter.C.Teachittoafive-year-old,whowouldgiveyoudirectfeedback.D.Yourcuriosityaboutitwilldeterminethepaceofyourlearning.E.Onceyouhavechosenatopic,youcanteachittosomeoneelse.E.Activeengagementplaysakeyroleinpromotingdeeperlearning.G.Whenthishappens,referbacktotheoriginalmaterialforthemissing第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Iplaytennisagreatdeal.Foryears,ithasbeenmyformofstress41.ButIrecentlyhitaroadblock.NomatterhowmuchIplayedorhowmuchIworkedwithmy42,myskillwasn’timproving.Beingsomeonewho43thatifyouworkhard,goodresultswill 44,itwasquitean45experience.Soinsteadofbeingastressreliever,tenniswasbecomingastressinducer(誘導(dǎo)劑).Seeingmyfrustration,mycoach46abook,ChampionMindedbyAllistairMcCaw.Althoughmuchofthebookwasn’t47tomyspecificsituation(itiswrittenforyoungeliteathletes,andI’m60andplayclub-leveltennis),itsfocusonstaying48andlivinginthepresentmomentnotonlyimprovedmytennis49butalsoremindedmeofthe50ofpractisingthesesameapproachestolifeingeneral.Althoughlivinginthepresentmomentandlettinggoofthebaggageofthe51ismucheasiersaidthandone,withpracticeandregularself-correction,itgraduallystartstoforma52andgetseasierovertime.Enjoythejourney.Lifedoesn’talways53likewewantittobe,butlivinginthepastisn’tproductive.Trainingtothinklikea(n)54isn’tonlyrelevanttosports.It’sa(n) 55thatcanbeappliedtolivingahealthier,happier,andmoreproductivelife.So,staycalm,liveinthepresent,andfindyourjoy.41.A.responseB.reliefC.factorD.test42.A.coachB.judgeC.tutorD.consultant43.A.promisesB.provesC.confirmsD.believes44.A.flashB.followC.fadeD.flow45.A.entertainingB.invaluableC.unsettlingD.efficient46.A.recommendedB.publishedC.readD.edited47.A.availableB.accessibleC.relevantD.beneficial48.A.energeticB.calmC.quietD.healthy49.A.scoreB.teamC.historyD.skill50.A.significanceB.challengeC.conceptD.problem51.A.experienceB.memoryC.momentD.past52.A.habitB.hobbyC.careerD.mission53.A.countonB.draftoutC.dropoffD.workout54.A.organizerB.championC.leaderD.master55.A.motivationB.lessonC.approachD.attitude第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。JaneGoodall,bornonApril3,1934,inLondon,England,isawell-knownBritishbiologistandenvironmentalactivist,56life-longworkhelpedbroadentheworld’sunderstandingofanimalbehaviorandemotions.InJuly1960,attheageof26,JaneGoodalltraveledfromEnglandtoTanzania,Africaandenteredthelittle-knownworldofwildchimpanzees.57(equip)withlittlemorethananotebookandherinterestinwildlife,Janeexploredtheunknowntogivetheworlda58(remark)windowintohumankind’sclosestlivingrelatives.Beyondherscientificcontributions,JaneGoodallisalso59passionatesupporterforenvironmentalprotectionandanimalwelfare.Throughhernumerousbooks,lecturesanddocumentaries,shehasinspiredcountlesspeoplearoundtheworld60(care)aboutthenaturalworldandtakeactiontoprotectit.JaneGoodallvisitedChinaforthe17thtimefromNovember30thtoDecember4th,2024.Shedevotedherself61recordingthescienceandcultureinterviewprogram“BeichenDialogue”,which62(create)byYangshipin(ChinaMediaGroup’svideoplatform)andtheChinaScienceandTechnologyMuseum.Her63(visit)totheChinesemainlandplayanimportantroleinpromotingcross-culturalexchangesandthespreadofconservationconcept.JaneGoodallpassedawayonOctober1,2025duetonaturalcausesinCalifornia.“Goodallworked64(tireless)forourplanetandallitsinhabitants,65(leave)anextraordinarylegacyforhumanityandnature.”theUNsaidasitmournedherdeath.第三節(jié)單詞拼寫(xiě)（共10小題，每小題l分，滿分10分）根據(jù)首字母及漢語(yǔ)提示完成填空，每空一詞（注意詞性和形式變化）。66.Afterd_________(領(lǐng)悟)thenewinformation,theteamwasabletomakeawisedecision.67.MarywenttoSpain_________(盡管)thefactthatherdoctorhadtoldhertorest.68.Furtherp_________(證據(jù))isneededtomakesuresuchdrugsdonoharmtoourhealth.69.Thetraditionalapproachtoh_________(處理)complicatedproblemsistobreakthemdownintosimpleones.70.Asisknowntousall,YuanLongpingisano_________(優(yōu)秀的)Chinesescientistinagriculture.71.Air,water,clothingandinsectsareallpossiblemeansof_________(傳染).72.O_________(忙于)inmakingandsellingpopcorn,theysparenotimetoplayaround.73.Thestoryofthetwoyoungmenisdescribedv_________(生動(dòng)地)inthisnovel.74.ThenightbeforethetestIwas_________(克服)byfearanddespair.75.Therehasbeenaslightincreaseinthec_________(消耗)ofmeat.第四節(jié)雅思附加題（共12小題，滿分10分）請(qǐng)?jiān)诟郊宇}答題卡上面作答。Questions1-7(1pointeach)Choosethecorrectheadingforparagraphsfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Choosethecorrectnumber,A-I,onyouranswersheet.Thereadingpassagehassevenparagraphs,1-7.ListofHeadingsA.TheareasandartefactswithinthepyramiditselfB.AdifficulttaskforthoseinvolvedC.AkingwhosavedhispeopleD.AsinglecertaintyamongotherlessdefinitefactsE.AnoverviewoftheexternalbuildingsandareasF.ApyramiddesignthatotherscopiedG.AnideaforchangingthedesignofburialstructuresH.AnincredibleexperiencedespitethefewremainsI.Theanswerstosomeunexpectedquestions1.Paragraph12.Paragraph23.Paragraph34.Paragraph45.Paragraph56.Paragraph67.Paragraph7TheStepPyramidofDjoser1.ThepyramidsarethemostfamousmonumentsofancientEgyptandstillholdenormousinterestforpeopleinthepresentday.Thesegrand,impressivetributestothememoryoftheEgyptiankingshavebecomelinkedwiththecountryeventhoughothercultures,suchastheChineseandMayan,alsobuiltpyramids.Theevolutionofthepyramidformhasbeenwrittenandarguedaboutforcenturies.However,thereisnoquestionthat,asfarasEgyptisconcerned,itbeganwithonemonumenttoonekingdesignedbyonebrilliantarchitect:theStepPyramidofDjoseratSaqqara.2.DjoserwasthefirstkingoftheThirdDynastyofEgyptandthefirsttobuildinstone.PriortoDjoser'sreign,tombswererectangularmonumentsmadeofdriedclaybrick,whichcoveredundergroundpassageswherethedeceasedpersonwasburied.Forreasonswhichremainunclear,Djoser'smainofficial,whosenamewasImhotep,conceivedofbuildingataller,moreimpressivetombforhiskingbystackingstoneslabsontopofoneanother,progressivelymakingthemsmaller,toformtheshapenowknownastheStepPyramid.Djoseristhoughttohavereignedfor19years,butsomehistoriansandscholarsattributeamuchlongertimeforhisrule,owingtothenumberandsizeofthemonumentshebuilt.3.TheStepPyramidhasbeenthoroughlyexaminedandinvestigatedoverthelastcentury,anditisnowknownthatthebuildingprocesswentthroughmanydifferentstages.HistorianMarcVandeMieroopcommentsonthis,writing“Muchexperimentationwasinvolved,whichisespeciallyclearintheconstructionofthepyramidinthecenterofthecomplex.Ithadseveralplans…beforeitbecamethefirstStepPyramidinhistory,pilingsixlevelsontopofoneanother…Theweightoftheenormousmasswasachallengeforthebuilders,whoplacedthestonesataninwardinclineinordertopreventthemonumentbreakingup.”4.Whenfinallycompleted,theStepPyramidrose62metershighandwasthetalleststructureofitstime.ThecomplexinwhichitwasbuiltwasthesizeofacityinancientEgyptandincludedatemple,courtyards,shrines,andlivingquartersforthepriests.Itcoveredaregionof16hectaresandwassurroundedbyawall10.5metershigh.Thewallhad13falsedoorscutintoitwithonlyonetrueentrancecutintothesouth-eastcorner;theentirewallwasthenringedbyatrench750meterslongand40meterswide.Thefalsedoorsandthetrenchwereincorporatedintothecomplextodiscourageunwantedvisitors.Ifsomeonewishedtoenter,heorshewouldhaveneededtoknowinadvancehowtofindthelocationofthetrueopeninginthewall.Djoserwassoproudofhisaccomplishmentthathebrokethetraditionofhavingonly