參考文獻(xiàn)參考文獻(xiàn)雜化細(xì)胞馬達(dá)的研究國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)綜述目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\u17799雜化細(xì)胞馬達(dá)的研究國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)綜述 1148651.1雜化中性粒細(xì)胞馬達(dá) 2120351.2雜化紅細(xì)胞馬達(dá) 5189871.3雜化精子馬達(dá) 7301221.4雜化細(xì)菌馬達(dá) 9雜化細(xì)胞微馬達(dá)融合合成微馬達(dá)與天然細(xì)胞的優(yōu)勢(shì)，利用天然細(xì)胞或外場(chǎng)作為動(dòng)力源ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Carlsen</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>1378</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[37]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1378</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1618051143">1378</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Carlsen,RikaWright</author><author>Sitti,Metin</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Bio-HybridCell-BasedActuatorsforMicrosystems</title><secondary-title>Small</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Small</full-title></periodical><pages>3831-3851</pages><volume>10</volume><number>19</number><keywords><keyword>bio-hybrids</keyword><keyword>microsystems</keyword><keyword>cells</keyword><keyword>actuators</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>2014/10/01</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd</publisher><isbn>1613-6810</isbn><work-type>/10.1002/smll.201400384</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1002/smll.201400384</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1002/smll.201400384</electronic-resource-num><access-date>2021/04/10</access-date></record></Cite></EndNote>[37]。天然細(xì)胞不僅可以提供動(dòng)力來(lái)源，還可以運(yùn)載藥物等。利用細(xì)胞的獨(dú)特特征構(gòu)建雜化細(xì)胞馬達(dá)，進(jìn)行可控運(yùn)動(dòng)、藥物遞送、活體應(yīng)用等研究，是一個(gè)具有廣泛應(yīng)用前景的發(fā)展方向。天然細(xì)胞與人工合成組分的結(jié)合促進(jìn)了高效的多功能雜化細(xì)胞馬達(dá)的誕生。雜化細(xì)胞馬達(dá)是基于天然細(xì)胞，包括中性粒細(xì)胞ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Shao</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>1179</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[12]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1179</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="0">1179</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Shao,Jingxin</author><author>Xuan,Mingjun</author><author>Zhang,Hongyue</author><author>Lin,Xiankun</author><author>Wu,Zhiguang</author><author>He,Qiang</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Chemotaxis-GuidedHybridNeutrophilMicromotorsforTargetedDrugTransport</title><secondary-title>AngewandteChemieInternationalEdition</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AngewandteChemieInternationalEdition</full-title></periodical><pages>12935-12939</pages><volume>56</volume><number>42</number><keywords><keyword>biohybridmicromotors</keyword><keyword>chemotaxis</keyword><keyword>drugdelivery</keyword><keyword>mesoporoussilicananoparticles</keyword><keyword>neutrophils</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2017</year><pub-dates><date>2017/10/09</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd</publisher><isbn>1433-7851</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1002/anie.201706570</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/anie.201706570</electronic-resource-num><access-date>2020/06/15</access-date></record></Cite></EndNote>[12]、巨噬細(xì)胞ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Han</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>1322</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[38]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1322</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1617241078">1322</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Han,Jiwon</author><author>Zhen,Jin</author><author>DuNguyen,Van</author><author>Go,Gwangjun</author><author>Choi,Youngjin</author><author>Ko,SeongYoung</author><author>Park,Jong-Oh</author><author>Park,Sukho</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Hybrid-ActuatingMacrophage-BasedMicrorobotsforActiveCancerTherapy</title><secondary-title>ScientificReports</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ScientificReports</full-title></periodical><pages>28717</pages><volume>6</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>2016/06/27</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2045-2322</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1038/srep28717</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/srep28717</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[38]、T細(xì)胞ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[39,40]、紅細(xì)胞ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wu</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>47</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[41]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>47</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="0v9arpfdqrxsp9esrsspdpw1f2sxvxz2552v"timestamp="1567983222">47</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wu,Zhiguang</author><author>Esteban-Fernándezdeávila,Berta</author><author>Martín,Aída</author><author>Christianson,Caleb</author><author>Gao,Weiwei</author><author>Thamphiwatana,SorachaKun</author><author>Escarpa,Alberto</author><author>He,Qiang</author><author>Zhang,Liangfang</author><author>Wang,Joseph</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>RBCmicromotorscarryingmultiplecargostowardspotentialtheranosticapplications</title><secondary-title>Nanoscale</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Nanoscale</full-title></periodical><pages>13680-13686</pages><volume>7</volume><number>32</number><dates><year>2015</year></dates><publisher>TheRoyalSocietyofChemistry</publisher><isbn>2040-3364</isbn><work-type>10.1039/C5NR03730A</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1039/C5NR03730A</url><url>/en/content/articlepdf/2015/nr/c5nr03730a</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/C5NR03730A</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[41]等人體內(nèi)的血細(xì)胞免疫細(xì)胞，精子ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[42,43]、細(xì)菌ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[44,45]、藻類(lèi)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Yasa</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>1328</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[46]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1328</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1617358398">1328</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Yasa,Oncay</author><author>Erkoc,Pelin</author><author>Alapan,Yunus</author><author>Sitti,Metin</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Microalga-PoweredMicroswimmerstowardActiveCargoDelivery</title><secondary-title>AdvancedMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AdvancedMaterials</full-title></periodical><pages>1804130</pages><volume>30</volume><number>45</number><keywords><keyword>biohybrids</keyword><keyword>cargodelivery</keyword><keyword>Chlamydomonasreinhardtii</keyword><keyword>microalgae</keyword><keyword>microswimmers</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year><pub-dates><date>2018/11/01</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd</publisher><isbn>0935-9648</isbn><work-type>/10.1002/adma.201804130</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1002/adma.201804130</url><url>/doi/full/10.1002/adma.201804130</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1002/adma.201804130</electronic-resource-num><access-date>2021/04/02</access-date></record></Cite></EndNote>[46]及孢子ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zhang</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>1411</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[47]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1411</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1618241591">1411</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zhang,Yabin</author><author>Zhang,Lin</author><author>Yang,Lidong</author><author>Vong,ChiIan</author><author>Chan,KaiFung</author><author>Wu,WilliamK.K.</author><author>Kwong,ThomasN.Y.</author><author>Lo,NormanW.S.</author><author>Ip,Margaret</author><author>Wong,SunnyH.</author><author>Sung,JosephJ.Y.</author><author>Chiu,PhilipW.Y.</author><author>Zhang,Li</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Real-timetrackingoffluorescentmagneticspore–basedmicrorobotsforremotedetectionofC.difftoxins</title><secondary-title>ScienceAdvances</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ScienceAdvances</full-title></periodical><pages>eaau9650</pages><volume>5</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url>/content/5/1/eaau9650.abstract</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1126/sciadv.aau9650</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[47]等細(xì)胞，構(gòu)建的具備多種功能、能夠在復(fù)雜生物環(huán)境中進(jìn)行高效運(yùn)動(dòng)的微系統(tǒng)。雜化細(xì)胞馬達(dá)利用了具有運(yùn)動(dòng)能力的細(xì)胞固有的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力和傳感機(jī)制，此外，通過(guò)一些表面改性等可以賦予雜化細(xì)胞馬達(dá)高級(jí)功能，例如藥物運(yùn)輸，細(xì)胞間相互作用，光熱效應(yīng)等。成功在體內(nèi)應(yīng)用的馬達(dá)需要具備傳感能力、決策能力和驅(qū)動(dòng)能力。相比于人工合成微馬達(dá)，雜化細(xì)胞馬達(dá)具備更加優(yōu)秀的感知能力，可以感知并響應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化；同時(shí)雜化馬達(dá)具備高效的驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，例如精子和細(xì)菌具備高效的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力；雜化細(xì)胞馬達(dá)具有與目標(biāo)部位（單細(xì)胞、毛細(xì)血管、組織間隙）相似的尺度，可以完成與目標(biāo)部位的相互作用，靶向識(shí)別等應(yīng)用；雜化細(xì)胞馬達(dá)的人工組分可以賦予雜化馬達(dá)新功能及在外場(chǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)下的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力，例如在磁場(chǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)下運(yùn)動(dòng)。人工組分為雜化細(xì)胞馬達(dá)提供額外功能，包括磁操作性，藥物裝載釋放以及與目標(biāo)細(xì)胞和組織的特異性相互作用。人工組分的選擇基于雜化細(xì)胞馬達(dá)所需應(yīng)用。例如用于藥物裝載和釋放的雜化細(xì)胞馬達(dá)可以選擇多孔材料作為人工組分，與組織或細(xì)胞相互作用的雜化細(xì)胞馬達(dá)需要其表面具有相應(yīng)基團(tuán)。人工組分的存在不能影響細(xì)胞活性。雜化細(xì)胞馬達(dá)的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式主要受到細(xì)胞類(lèi)型和人工組分的影響。在應(yīng)用方面，人工組分決定了其應(yīng)用類(lèi)型，例如藥物運(yùn)輸或光熱治療等。為了在生物體中具有較好的應(yīng)用，還需要考慮其可降解性和生物相容性。1.1雜化中性粒細(xì)胞馬達(dá)1.1.1中性粒細(xì)胞的運(yùn)動(dòng)作為免疫細(xì)胞，巨噬細(xì)胞ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Han</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>1322</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[38]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1322</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1617241078">1322</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Han,Jiwon</author><author>Zhen,Jin</author><author>DuNguyen,Van</author><author>Go,Gwangjun</author><author>Choi,Youngjin</author><author>Ko,SeongYoung</author><author>Park,Jong-Oh</author><author>Park,Sukho</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Hybrid-ActuatingMacrophage-BasedMicrorobotsforActiveCancerTherapy</title><secondary-title>ScientificReports</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ScientificReports</full-title></periodical><pages>28717</pages><volume>6</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>2016/06/27</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2045-2322</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1038/srep28717</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/srep28717</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[38]、T細(xì)胞、中性粒細(xì)胞ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Shao</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>1179</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[12]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1179</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="0">1179</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Shao,Jingxin</author><author>Xuan,Mingjun</author><author>Zhang,Hongyue</author><author>Lin,Xiankun</author><author>Wu,Zhiguang</author><author>He,Qiang</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Chemotaxis-GuidedHybridNeutrophilMicromotorsforTargetedDrugTransport</title><secondary-title>AngewandteChemieInternationalEdition</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AngewandteChemieInternationalEdition</full-title></periodical><pages>12935-12939</pages><volume>56</volume><number>42</number><keywords><keyword>biohybridmicromotors</keyword><keyword>chemotaxis</keyword><keyword>drugdelivery</keyword><keyword>mesoporoussilicananoparticles</keyword><keyword>neutrophils</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2017</year><pub-dates><date>2017/10/09</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd</publisher><isbn>1433-7851</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1002/anie.201706570</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/anie.201706570</electronic-resource-num><access-date>2020/06/15</access-date></record></Cite></EndNote>[12]已經(jīng)用于構(gòu)建雜化細(xì)胞馬達(dá)將藥物等攜帶至體內(nèi)目標(biāo)部位。中性粒細(xì)胞是體內(nèi)最豐富的粒細(xì)胞，也是體內(nèi)數(shù)量最多的白細(xì)胞，占人體中白細(xì)胞的40%-70%，是固有免疫的重要組成部分。中性粒細(xì)胞胞漿內(nèi)部含有大量中性細(xì)顆粒，細(xì)胞核呈桿狀或分葉狀。中性粒細(xì)胞具有趨化作用、吞噬作用、殺菌作用。中性粒細(xì)胞通常壽命較短（體內(nèi)存活2-3天），具有較強(qiáng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力，能夠進(jìn)入組織內(nèi)部，具有穿過(guò)血腦屏障等生物屏障的能力。中性粒細(xì)胞通過(guò)阿米巴樣運(yùn)動(dòng)（變形蟲(chóng)運(yùn)動(dòng)）進(jìn)行遷移ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Fukui</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>1385</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[48]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1385</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1618052794">1385</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fukui,Yoshio</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>MECHANISTICSOFAMOEBOIDLOCOMOTION:SIGNALTOFORCES</title><secondary-title>CellBiologyInternational</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CellBiologyInternational</full-title></periodical><pages>933-944</pages><volume>26</volume><number>11</number><keywords><keyword>amoeboidlocomotion</keyword><keyword>cell-substrateanchorage</keyword><keyword>Dictyostelium</keyword><keyword>migrationforces</keyword><keyword>signaltransduction</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2002</year><pub-dates><date>2002/11/01</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd</publisher><isbn>1065-6995</isbn><work-type>/10.1006/cbir.2002.0959</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1006/cbir.2002.0959</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1006/cbir.2002.0959</electronic-resource-num><access-date>2021/04/10</access-date></record></Cite></EndNote>[48]，是由其細(xì)胞膜凸起產(chǎn)生的力，克服細(xì)胞表面和周?chē)h(huán)境的摩擦力驅(qū)動(dòng)細(xì)胞運(yùn)動(dòng)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Binamé</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>1386</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[49]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1386</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1618052840">1386</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Binamé,Fabien</author><author>Pawlak,Geraldine</author><author>Roux,Pierre</author><author>Hibner,Urszula</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Whatmakescellsmove:requirementsandobstaclesforspontaneouscellmotility</title><secondary-title>MolecularBioSystems</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>MolecularBioSystems</full-title></periodical><pages>648-661</pages><volume>6</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2010</year></dates><publisher>TheRoyalSocietyofChemistry</publisher><isbn>1742-206X</isbn><work-type>10.1039/B915591K</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1039/B915591K</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/B915591K</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[49]。在細(xì)胞內(nèi)部，肌動(dòng)蛋白骨架（微管）參與中性粒細(xì)胞的運(yùn)動(dòng)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Fletcher</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>1380</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[50]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1380</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1618051691">1380</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fletcher,DanielA.</author><author>Mullins,R.Dyche</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Cellmechanicsandthecytoskeleton</title><secondary-title>Nature</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Nature</full-title></periodical><pages>485-492</pages><volume>463</volume><number>7280</number><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>2010/01/01</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1476-4687</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1038/nature08908</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/nature08908</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[50]。中性粒細(xì)胞表面G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體能夠感受趨化因子，引起下游生化反應(yīng)導(dǎo)致微管在細(xì)胞前緣聚集。細(xì)胞前緣發(fā)生一系列反應(yīng)促進(jìn)微管聚集，抑制微管解聚的反應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致中性粒細(xì)胞前緣形成突起（偽足），如圖1-2所示。在運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中細(xì)胞改變自身彈性，驅(qū)動(dòng)細(xì)胞膜的延伸。細(xì)胞膜在偽足延伸后形成與基底接觸的新的位點(diǎn)，肌動(dòng)蛋白網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)生收縮力，將細(xì)胞體向前進(jìn)方向牽拉，產(chǎn)生中性粒細(xì)胞的運(yùn)動(dòng)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Michael</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>1320</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[51]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1320</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1617188754">1320</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Michael,Melina</author><author>Vermeren,Sonja</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Aneutrophil-centricviewofchemotaxis</title><secondary-title>EssaysinBiochemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>EssaysinBiochemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>607-618</pages><volume>63</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>0071-1365</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1042/EBC20190011</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1042/EBC20190011</electronic-resource-num><access-date>3/31/2021</access-date></record></Cite></EndNote>[51]。圖1-2中性粒細(xì)胞運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)理ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Michael</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>1320</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[51]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1320</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1617188754">1320</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Michael,Melina</author><author>Vermeren,Sonja</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Aneutrophil-centricviewofchemotaxis</title><secondary-title>EssaysinBiochemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>EssaysinBiochemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>607-618</pages><volume>63</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>0071-1365</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1042/EBC20190011</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1042/EBC20190011</electronic-resource-num><access-date>3/31/2021</access-date></record></Cite></EndNote>[51]Fig.1-2MotionmechanismofneutrophilsADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Michael</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>1320</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[51]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1320</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1617188754">1320</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Michael,Melina</author><author>Vermeren,Sonja</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Aneutrophil-centricviewofchemotaxis</title><secondary-title>EssaysinBiochemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>EssaysinBiochemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>607-618</pages><volume>63</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>0071-1365</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1042/EBC20190011</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1042/EBC20190011</electronic-resource-num><access-date>3/31/2021</access-date></record></Cite></EndNote>[51]1.1.2中性粒細(xì)胞藥物載體中性粒細(xì)胞是第一批募集至炎癥部位的細(xì)胞，可用于基于細(xì)胞的藥物遞送。中性粒細(xì)胞在血流中能夠黏附于活化的內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞，然后沿血管滾動(dòng)和爬行，活化的中性粒細(xì)胞能夠穿過(guò)血管壁并遷移至感染部位ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kolaczkowska</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>1463</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[52]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1463</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1620214590">1463</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kolaczkowska,E.</author><author>Kubes,P.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Neutrophilrecruitmentandfunctioninhealthandinflammation</title><secondary-title>NatureReviewsImmunology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NatureReviewsImmunology</full-title></periodical><pages>159-175</pages><volume>13</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1474-1733</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000316616100009</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000316616100009</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/nri3399</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[52]。中性粒細(xì)胞也存在于腫瘤組織中，稱(chēng)為腫瘤相關(guān)性中性粒細(xì)胞，能夠持續(xù)影響循環(huán)中性粒細(xì)胞朝向腫瘤部位的募集ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[53,54]。由于中性粒細(xì)胞能夠靶向感染部位、朝向腫瘤部位募集，因此基于中性粒細(xì)胞的藥物載體被廣泛研究。由于藥物的細(xì)胞毒性，大多數(shù)藥物不能夠直接被中性粒細(xì)胞裝載，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)發(fā)展了多種基于中性粒細(xì)胞的藥物載體，中性粒細(xì)胞能夠攜帶納米顆粒，跨越血腦屏障等生物屏障，進(jìn)行藥物遞送，并在治療炎癥和癌癥中具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。中性粒細(xì)胞藥物載體可以用于治療一些炎癥疾病例如急性肺損傷ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Chu</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>1333</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[55]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1333</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1617618033">1333</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Chu,Dafeng</author><author>Gao,Jin</author><author>Wang,Zhenjia</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Neutrophil-MediatedDeliveryofTherapeuticNanoparticlesacrossBloodVesselBarrierforTreatmentofInflammationandInfection</title><secondary-title>ACSNano</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ACSNano</full-title></periodical><pages>11800-11811</pages><volume>9</volume><number>12</number><dates><year>2015</year><pub-dates><date>2015/12/22</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>AmericanChemicalSociety</publisher><isbn>1936-0851</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1021/acsnano.5b05583</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acsnano.5b05583</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[55]以及部分癌癥例如黑色素瘤ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Chu</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>1467</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[56]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1467</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1620217431">1467</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Chu,Dafeng</author><author>Zhao,Qi</author><author>Yu,Jian</author><author>Zhang,Faya</author><author>Zhang,Hui</author><author>Wang,Zhenjia</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>NanoparticleTargetingofNeutrophilsforImprovedCancerImmunotherapy</title><secondary-title>AdvancedHealthcareMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AdvancedHealthcareMaterials</full-title></periodical><pages>1088-1093</pages><volume>5</volume><number>9</number><dates><year>2016</year></dates><publisher>Wiley</publisher><isbn>2192-2640</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1002/adhm.201500998</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/adhm.201500998</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[56]、腦膠質(zhì)瘤ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Xue</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>41</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[57]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>41</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="0v9arpfdqrxsp9esrsspdpw1f2sxvxz2552v"timestamp="1567962564">41</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Xue,Jingwei</author><author>Zhao,Zekai</author><author>Zhang,Lei</author><author>Xue,Lingjing</author><author>Shen,Shiyang</author><author>Wen,Yajing</author><author>Wei,Zhuoyuan</author><author>Wang,Lu</author><author>Kong,Lingyi</author><author>Sun,Hongbin</author><author>Ping,Qineng</author><author>Mo,Ran</author><author>Zhang,Can</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Neutrophil-mediatedanticancerdrugdeliveryforsuppressionofpostoperativemalignantgliomarecurrence</title><secondary-title>NatureNanotechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NatureNanotechnology</full-title></periodical><pages>692</pages><volume>12</volume><dates><year>2017</year><pub-dates><date>06/19/online</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>NaturePublishingGroup</publisher><work-type>Article</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1038/nnano.2017.54</url><url>/articles/nnano.2017.54.pdf</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/nnano.2017.54 /articles/nnano.2017.54#supplementary-information</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[57]等。2015年，Chu等人通過(guò)納米顆粒原位劫持中性粒細(xì)胞，利用中性粒細(xì)胞作為藥物載體，通過(guò)中性粒細(xì)胞在血管內(nèi)吞噬納米顆粒，攜帶納米顆?？缭窖鼙谄琳线M(jìn)入炎癥組織（如圖1-3所示）ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Chu</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>1333</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[55]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1333</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1617618033">1333</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Chu,Dafeng</author><author>Gao,Jin</author><author>Wang,Zhenjia</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Neutrophil-MediatedDeliveryofTherapeuticNanoparticlesacrossBloodVesselBarrierforTreatmentofInflammationandInfection</title><secondary-title>ACSNano</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ACSNano</full-title></periodical><pages>11800-11811</pages><volume>9</volume><number>12</number><dates><year>2015</year><pub-dates><date>2015/12/22</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>AmericanChemicalSociety</publisher><isbn>1936-0851</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1021/acsnano.5b05583</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acsnano.5b05583</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[55]。吞噬白蛋白納米粒子不影響中性粒細(xì)胞的遷移和功能，并可抑制炎癥。該研究證實(shí)中性粒細(xì)胞具有攜帶納米粒子運(yùn)送至患病部位的能力。圖1-3白蛋白納米顆粒原位劫持中性粒細(xì)胞跨過(guò)血管壁屏障示意圖ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Chu</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>1333</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[55]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1333</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1617618033">1333</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Chu,Dafeng</author><author>Gao,Jin</author><author>Wang,Zhenjia</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Neutrophil-MediatedDeliveryofTherapeuticNanoparticlesacrossBloodVesselBarrierforTreatmentofInflammationandInfection</title><secondary-title>ACSNano</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ACSNano</full-title></periodical><pages>11800-11811</pages><volume>9</volume><number>12</number><dates><year>2015</year><pub-dates><date>2015/12/22</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>AmericanChemicalSociety</publisher><isbn>1936-0851</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1021/acsnano.5b05583</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acsnano.5b05583</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[55]Fig.1-3SchemeofBAS-nanoparticleshitchhikingactivatedneutrophilstocrossBBBADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Chu</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>1333</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[55]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1333</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="we95a2ppjztw2ler5pzv5vfkdetsataxd5fs"timestamp="1617618033">1333</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Chu,