專題六形容詞與副詞形容詞

形容詞是描述人或事物的性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài)的詞類,主要用來(lái)修飾名詞或部分代詞。1.

形容詞的用法功能位置例句作定語(yǔ)名詞之前、不定代詞之后She

is

a

beautiful

girl.她是一個(gè)漂亮的女孩。I

have

something

important

to

say.我有重要的事情要說(shuō)。作表語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞之后It’s

very

cold

today.今天非常冷。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在keep,make,leave等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)之后You

must

keep

the

classroom

clean.你必須保持教室干凈。2.

形容詞的構(gòu)成類別構(gòu)成方法意義例詞名詞變形容詞(后綴)表示天氣的名詞-y充滿……的,多……的cloud—cloudy

sun—sunny表示方位的名詞-ern……方位的,朝……方的west—western

south—southern表示稱謂的名詞-ly……般的friend—friendly表示時(shí)間的名詞-ly每……的week—weekly

day—daily表示物質(zhì)的名詞-en/-y……制成的,……般的wood—wooden

sand—sandy表示國(guó)家的名詞-n……的,……人的America—AmericanRussia—Russian類別構(gòu)成方法意義例詞名詞變形容詞(后綴)其他名詞-ful……的,有……的care—careful

beauty—beautiful-y……的luck—lucky

health—healthy-ous有……的humor—humorousdanger—dangerous-less不……的,無(wú)……的home—homeless

hope—hopeless形容詞變反義詞(前綴)un+形容詞不……的healthy—unhealthy

happy—unhappyim+以m/b/p開(kāi)頭的形容詞polite—impolite

possible—impossibledis+形容詞honest—dishonest多個(gè)形容詞作前置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)的順序:如:a

nice

large

square

old

brown

wooden

table

一張又大又漂亮的古老的棕色方木桌副詞

副詞是指在句中表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的詞,常用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個(gè)句子,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度等概念。1.

副詞的分類分類用法例詞時(shí)間副詞一般位于句首或句末now,then,tomorrow,ago,soon,recently地點(diǎn)副詞一般位于句末,與動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)不加介詞here,there,home,in,out,inside,down,up,upstairs,downstairs,above,back,over方式副詞描繪動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式,一般位于動(dòng)詞之后carefully,easily,fast,happily,loudly,quickly,slowly,suddenly分類用法例詞程度副詞描繪行為、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的程度,一般位于所修飾的形容詞或副詞之前,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后much,a

little,very,enough,quite,rather,too,nearly,so,really頻度副詞描繪一定時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù),一般位于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前,系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly,ever,seldom,never疑問(wèn)副詞(組)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句,位于句首where,when,why,how,how

long,how

often,how

far,how

soon,how

old,how

much連接副詞連接句子或引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句however,therefore,how,when,where,why關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句where,when,why2.

副詞的用法功能用法例句作狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞、副詞,一般位于被修飾詞之前Bill

is

very

tall.比爾非常高。修飾動(dòng)詞,一般位于被修飾動(dòng)詞之后He

jumps

high.他跳得高。位于句首,修飾整個(gè)句子Luckily,

he

won

the

game.幸運(yùn)的是,他贏得了比賽。作表語(yǔ)位于系動(dòng)詞之后,常用來(lái)表示時(shí)間或方位上的變化Class

is

over.下課了。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)位于動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)之后We

found

Li

Hua

out

when

we

arrived.當(dāng)我們到的時(shí)候,發(fā)現(xiàn)李華出去了。作后置定語(yǔ)一般位于被修飾詞之后Life

here

is

rich

and

interesting.這兒的生活富足且有趣。

3.

副詞的構(gòu)成

部分副詞是由形容詞+ly變化而來(lái)的,其變化規(guī)則如下:形容詞種類構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況詞后加-lyquick—quickly

slow—slowly

輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞

變y為i,再加-lyhappy—happily

heavy—heavily以y結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞

詞后加-ly

shy—shyly

dry—dryly以e結(jié)尾開(kāi)音節(jié)詞詞后加-lywide—widely

polite—politely元音字母+e結(jié)尾去e加-lytrue—truly以le結(jié)尾去e加-ypossible—possibly

terrible—terribly特殊變化good—well形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)

形容詞和副詞有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)之分。通常as…as是原級(jí)的標(biāo)志;than,much,even,still,far,alot,alittle等是比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志;the,in,ofall,among,oneof等是最高級(jí)的標(biāo)志。1.

形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加-er或-estslow

fastslower

fasterslowest

fastest以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的詞,在詞尾加-r或-stlarge

latelarger

laterlargest

latest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞,先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母,再加-er或-estbig

fathot

thinbigger

fatterhotter

thinnerbiggest

fattesthottest

thinnest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,先把y改為i,再加-er或-esteasy

earlyeasier

earliereasiest

earliest構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞在詞前加more或mostboringcarefullymore

boringmore

carefullymost

boringmost

carefully(2)不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(較遠(yuǎn))farthest(最遠(yuǎn))further(進(jìn)一步)furthest(最大限度的,最大程度的)oldolder

(一般用于含than的比較句中,表示年紀(jì)較大的)oldest

(一般用于含最高級(jí)的比較句中,表示年紀(jì)最大的)elder

(主要表明兩人的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系,常用作定語(yǔ))eldest

(最年長(zhǎng)的,主要表明幾人的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系,常用作定語(yǔ))

2.

形容詞、副詞原級(jí)的用法結(jié)構(gòu)含義例句as

+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+

as與……一樣She

is

as

tall

as

her

mother.她和她的媽媽一樣高。A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+not

as/so+原級(jí)+as+BA不如B……The

weather

here

is

not

as/so

hot

as

that

in

Wuhan.這兒的天氣不如武漢熱。A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as+BA是B的……倍Asia

is

four

times

as

large

as

Europe.亞洲的面積是歐洲的四倍。

3.

形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)的用法結(jié)構(gòu)含義及用法例句比較級(jí)+than兩者比較,表示一方超過(guò)另一方China

is

larger

than

Italy.中國(guó)比意大利大。less+原級(jí)+

than(此結(jié)構(gòu)不用于單音節(jié)詞)兩者比較,表示一方不及另一方He

thinks

English

is

less

important

than

Chinese.他認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)不如漢語(yǔ)重要。比較級(jí)+and

+比較級(jí)越來(lái)越……,多音節(jié)詞用“more

and

more+原級(jí)”O(jiān)ur

country

is

becoming

stronger

and

stronger.我們的國(guó)家正變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。the+比較級(jí),

the+比較級(jí)越……,就越……The

more,

the

better.多多益善。結(jié)構(gòu)含義及用法例句the+比較級(jí)+of

the

two+名詞復(fù)數(shù)兩者中較……的一個(gè)John

is

the

cleverer

of

the

two

boys.約翰是兩個(gè)男孩中較聰明的那個(gè)。A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than+BA比B……倍Asia

is

three

times

larger

than

Europe.亞洲的面積比歐洲大三倍。4.

形容詞、副詞最高級(jí)的用法結(jié)構(gòu)含義例句the+最高級(jí)+of/in+比較范圍表示三者或三者以上人或物的比較,意為“最……”Ⅰ

think

spring

is

the

best

season

of

the

year.

我認(rèn)為春天是一年中最好的季節(jié)。the+序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)+名詞+范圍第幾最……Mike

is

the

second

tallest

boy

in

his

class.邁克是他們班上第二高的男孩。one

of

the

+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+范圍最……之一Kobe

is

one

of

the

best

basketball

players

in

the

NBA.

科比是NBA最好的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員之一。注:(1)副詞最高級(jí)前的the可以省去。(2)在運(yùn)用最高級(jí)的句子中,句末常用of/in/among等短語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)明比較的范圍。如:Jennysings(the)mostbeautifullyofthethree.珍妮是三人之中唱得最動(dòng)聽(tīng)的。(3)用比較級(jí)時(shí)要避免與自身進(jìn)行比較,若比較的對(duì)象屬于同一范圍,可用以下含原級(jí)或比較級(jí)形式的句型表達(dá)最高級(jí)的含義,含義為“比其他……都……”如:LinTaoisthetalleststudentinhisclass.林濤是他班上最高的學(xué)生。

一、單項(xiàng)選擇(

)1.(2025·連云港改編)Dolphinsaregoodatdrivingfishtothecoast.Fishermenoftenwork

withthemtocatchfish.

A.heavily B.closely C.slowly(

)2.(2025·連云港改編)Alocalcharityorganizationteachesthedisabled

skillstofindjobsontheirown.

A.lively B.strict C.practical

BC(

)3.(2025·天津改編)Whenyouareindanger,youshouldkeep_______

andtrytofindsomehelp.

A.simple B.calm C.lazy(

)4.(2025·天津改編)Linglingisoneof

studentsinmyclass.Sheisalwaysreadytoofferhelp.

A.helpful B.morehelpfulC.themosthelpful

BC(

)5.(2025·天津改編)Sallycancooksowellthatshe

willnotgethungryathome.

A.loudly B.certainly C.suddenly(

)6.(2025·安徽改編)—Saying“Wouldyouplease…”isagoodwaytoasksomebodytodosomething.—Yes.Itmakesyousound

.

A.straight B.polite C.funny

BB(

)7.(2025·安徽改編)EverytimeIfeltdown,mybestfriendwouldsay

tome,“Everythingwillbefine.”

A.relatively B.safely C.softly(

)8.(2025·天水改編)Citylifeisfullofopportunities.Countrylife,however,is

andmorepeaceful.

A.dearer B.quieter C.busier(

)9.(2025·揚(yáng)州改編)Withhardworkandclearplans,youwillbecome

inyourstudy.

A.successful B.honest C.generous

CBA(

)10.(2025·江西改編)Aftermanyyearsoftrying,I

achievedmydream.

A.finally B.quite C.ever(

)11.(2025·江西改編)—Dad,couldIspendmypocketmoneyonbeautifuldresses?—It’sOK.ButIthinkspendingitonbooksis

.

A.lessmeaningful B.lesscomfortableC.moremeaningful

AC(

)12.(2025·云南改編)Journey

to

the

West

is

one

of

classic

novels

in

China.

People

like

reading

it.

A.

famous

B.

more

famousC.

the

most

famous(

)13.

(2025·達(dá)州)—If

peopledrivecars,therewillbe

airpollution.

—Ithinkso.Ihopeourenvironmentwillbebetterandbetter.A.fewer;less B.less;fewer C.more;less

CA(

)14.(2025·遂寧改編)—Be

careful!

The

traffic

light

is

red.

It’s

to

cross

the

street

now.

Wait

a

minute.

—Thank

you

for

reminding

me.A.

busy

B.

dangerous

C.

crowded(

)15.

(2025·福建)Harbinheldthe9thAsianWinterGames

inFebruary2025.

A.quickly B.suddenly C.successfully

BC(

)16.(2025·成都)MountGonggaisthe

mountaininSichuan,higherthananyotherinthisarea.

A.high B.higher C.highest(

)17.(2025·綏化)LinTaoran

togetthefirstplaceinthe100-metrerace.

A.enoughfast B.fastenough C.slowenough(

)18.(2025·福建)—Mom,let’sgotothesupermarket.—Waitamoment.It’s

tomakeashoppinglistfirst.

A.wise B.friendly C.difficult

CBA(

)19.(2025·齊齊哈爾)I’mworriedaboutmyfriendbecauseIhaven’theardfromh