諸暨市年月高三診斷性考試試題英語第一部分：聽力共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共5小題；每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話讀二遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whoisthelittlegirl?A.Thewoman’ssister.B.Thewoman’sniece.C.Thewoman’sdaughter【答案】B【解析】【詳解】M:HiHelen,Isawyouyesterdaywithalovelylittlegirlatthemarket.daughter?W:No,she’smysister’sdaughter.She’sjustvisitingandwillbestayingwithusforacoupleofdays.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whycannotthespeakersattendthemeeting?A.Theyfinditrescheduled.B.Theycannotmakeitthere.C.Theyareengagedotherwise.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Areyougoingtoattendthemeetingattwo?It’llbeginsoon.M:NoIcan’t.Ihaveanimportantreporttowriteandithastobehandedinbyfour.W:Ican’teither.Ihaveavisitingcustomeratthree.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WhatwillthemanaskSamtodo?A.contactthewoman.B.callhimback.C.fixhisputer.第1頁/共26頁【答案】C【解析】M:HeyRose,sorrytobotheryou.There’ssomethingwrongwithmyputerandIwanttocallSamforhelp.Canyougivemehisnewphonenumber?W:Sure.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inahotel.C.Inan【答案】B【解析】【詳解】M:Hello,thisisEricGarmentinroom317.Ican’tfindmycellphone.IsitpossibleIleftitonthecounterafterIcheckedin?W:aminute,I’llcheckthelostandfoundboxforyou.M:Iwouldappreciatethat.W:Sorry,Idon’tseeithere.I’lltelltherestofthetokeepaneyeoutforit.I’msureitwillturnup.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afilm.B.Anactor.C.Abook.【答案】A【解析】【詳解】W:Thestoryconfusedmeabit.M:Ifounditabitconfusingtoo,andit’smuchtoolong.W:right.Theleadingactorwasgood,though.第二節(jié)共小題；每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有5秒鐘的時間閱讀各個小題；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。6.Whatwillthewomandoonthe21st?第2頁/共26頁A.Gotothecoast.B.longhours.C.Receivesometraining.7.Whatdoyouknowaboutthewomanasforvoluntarywork?A.Sheisagreenhand.B.Sheisn’tkeenonit.C.Sheiswellexperienced.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:SoAlice,whendoyoubegin?W:Istartonthe21st.I’mhopingtohurrytothecoastbeforeI’mtoobusy.M:Idon’tblameyou.goingtobeworkinglonghoursandyoushouldgetalittlerestbeforeitallstarts.W:don’tactuallystartworkingonthefirstday,butthere’sgoingtobesomehardtraining.Allnewvolunteersarerequiredtoplete10daysoftraining,soIdowanttogetalittleplaytimebeforethat.M:Ididn’trealizeyou’dneedtodothat.W:Oh,absolutely.haveclassesinthemorningandthenwe’repairedwithexperiencedvolunteersintheafternoontolearnthepracticalwork.8.Howoftendoesthemangototheschooltheaterclub?A.Everyevening.B.Onceaweek.C.amonth.9.What’sthewoman’sopiniononthecity?A.It’snoisy.B.It’scolorful.C.It’scrowded.10.Wheredoestheman’sproblemwithhiscitylifelie?A.Inrecreation.B.Inadaptation.C.Insocialization.【答案】8.B9.A10.B【解析】【原文】W:Whatdoyoudointheevening,John?M:Igototheschooltheaterclubeveryevening.Therestoftheweek,Iusuallystayhome.Idon’tlikethecityverymuch.W:Whydon’tyoulikethecity?M:BeforeImovedhere,Ilivedinavillage.Iknewallthepeopleinmyneighborhood.W:Lifeisdifferentinthecity.M:Iknow,butthevillagewasquietandtherewasonlyalittletraffic.Ihatethenoiseandthebusyroadshere.第3頁/共26頁W:SodoI.Ilivenearabusyroad.Sometimesthenoisekeepsmeawakeatnight.M:Ihatecrossingtheroadthemost.Therearebikes,motorbikes,andcarsingfromeverydirection.Theyreallyscareme.Whatisthemantryingtodo?A.Applyforaposition.BFindtheregistrationplace.C.Filloutsomepaperwork.12.Whatdifficultydoesthemanruninto?A.Hedoesn’tknowwhotoreportto.B.Hedidn’ttakethepaperworkalong.C.HehasnoideawhereHancockis.13.Whatwillthemandoaftertheconversation?A.Parkhiscar.B.Loadtheship.C.FindMs.Hancock.【答案】B12.C13.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,mynameisMarcus.Iwassentovertohelpfillinforsomeoneintheshippingdepartment.I’mnotsurewheretogo.W:Thatdepends.probablysupposedtoreporttoeitherMr.JohnsonattheloadingareaorMs.Hancockoverinthegoodshouse.M:AccordingtothepaperworkIhave,I’msupposedtoreporttoMs.Hancock.youbeabletodirectmetowhereIcanfindher?W:Sure.needtogobackoutthestoreandthenacrosstheparkinglot.Thegoodshouseisjustbehindit.It’sabluebuilding.14.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Howtomakefriends.第4頁/共26頁B.Howtohostmeetings.C.Howtomakeateam.15.Whydoesthewomanhaveasmallcircleoffriends?A.Shetakesnointerestinschoolsports.B.Shejustputsintimeonherstudies.C.Shetendstoshyawayfrommeetings.16.Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?A.Signupforasport.B.Studywiththeman.C.Joinastudyclub.【答案】14.A15.B16.C【解析】【原文】W:CanyoubelievethatI’vebeenherealmostawholetermandyou’retheonlyfriendI’vemade?M:No,howcanthatbe?W:Idon’tknowmebetterthananyoneelsehereatschool.Ithoughtmaybeyoucouldgivemesomeadvice?M:Sure.Um,doyoubelongtoanyclubsororganizations?That’sthebestwaytomeetpeople.W:No,Idon’thavealotoftimetogotomeetings.M:NeitherdoI,butIdoplayschoolsports.It’sjustagroupthatmeetsregularlytoplaybasketball.Ofcourse,therearelotsofotherteams.couldjoinafootballteamorbaseball,volleyball...Justgoovertothesportscenterandsignup.Theywillputyouonateam.couldusesometimeawayfromthebooks.W:I’dliketodothat.ButIdon’twanttotaketimeawayfrommystudies.M:thenwhydon’tyoujoinastudygroup?Thatwayyouwouldn’tfeellikeyouarewastingtime,andbesides,thepeopleyoumeetwillbeseriousstudents.Somaybetheywouldbebetterfriendsforyou.W:Anyway,thissoundsgood.17.Whatisthespeakersharingwithus?A.tospendSaturdaymornings.B.Storiesconcerningpocketmoney.C.Hisgoodolddayswithhisbrother.18.WhatwasMrs.Bartlett’sattitudetochildren?第5頁/共26頁A.Patient.B.Generous.C.Dismissive.19.HowdidBernardfinallygetsweets?A.Bygivinguphiscards.B.ByplainingtoMum.C.Bystealingthecollection.20.Howdoyoufindthespeaker’smemories?A.Bitter.B.Fond.C.Fading.【答案】17B18.A19.B20.B【解析】【原文】M:I’dliketosharewithyoumychildhoodexperience.WhenIwasachild,IusedtolookforwardtoSaturdaymornings.ThatwaswhenmybrotherBernardandIgotourpocketmoneyfromourfather.IwouldputhalfofitinmymoneyboxandrunhappilywiththeresttoBartlett’s,thelittlelocalshopattheendofourstreet.ThereIwouldjointheotherboysandgirlseagertospendtheirSaturdaypocketmoney.AllMrs.Bartletthadwereafewthings,arrangedonasimplewoodenshelf,whichshekeptunderthecounterandbroughtoutforthechildrenonSaturday.Buttousitwasawonderfulsight:sugarballs,sweetsinbrightlycolouredpaper.Italwaystookagesforeachchildtodecidewhattobuy,butMrs.Bartlettdidn’tmind.Aslongastherewerenogrownupcustomerswaitingtobeserved,sheletustakeourtime.Bernardlikedsweets.Theproblemwasthathedidn’tlikebuyingthem.Hewenttothenewsagent’sshopthatsoldfootballcards.Hewasmadaboutthesepicturecardsoffamousfootballersandspentallhispocketmoneytryingtocollectwholeteamsofplayers.OnSaturdayafternoonshewouldsearchthehouseandfindoutwhereIwas.IfIdidn’thidemybagofsweetsquicklyenough,he’dseeitandsay,“CanIhaveone?”AndIwouldsay,“WhyshouldIgiveyouone?hadyourpocketmoneytoo.couldhaveboughtyourownsweets.”ThenBernardwouldgotoourmothertoplain.Mumwouldsay,“Jim,don’tbesomean.Shareyoursweetswithyourbrother.”Ithoughtthiswasreallyunfair,butIhadnochoice.第二部分：閱讀理解共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共個小題；每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該選項標號涂黑。第6頁/共26頁AtOxfordSummerCourses,wearemittedtonurturing(培養(yǎng))curiousyoungmindsinthefieldofAI.forages1617,ouruniqueAIsummerschoolexperienceencouragesindependentthinkingwithinaninclusivemunity,hostedintheheartofCambridge.inCambridgeisagloballyfamousplaceforinnovationandtechnology,makingitanidealsettingforstudyingArtificialIntelligence.Hometosomeofthebrightestmindsandcuttingedgeresearch,thecityprovidesastimulatingenvironmentforstudentseagertoexplorethefutureoftechnology.TheAIcourseinCambridgebinestheoryandpracticalapplication,encouragingstudentstoengagewithrealworldchallengesandtechnologicaladvancements.StudentswillalsohavethechancetoexploreCambridge’siconiclandmarks,gaininginspirationfromitsrichacademiclegacy.TheArtificialIntelligencecourseinCambridgeisatwoweekprogramfilledwithinteractivelessons,codingchallenges,andgroupprojects.Eachdaypresentsnewopportunitiestoexploremachine,networkanddesign.tailorthecurriculumtosuitstudents’interestsandlearninggoals,ensuringadynamicandengagingexperience.Bytheendofthecourse,studentswillhavebuiltfoundationalAIskillsandgainedinsightsintohowAItechnologiesareshapingtheworld.Applyingiseasy.ClickthelinkattachedChooseyourcoursebyselectingthesubject,location,dates,andacmodation.Provideyourpersonalandschoolinformation,includingashortpersonalstatementaboutwhyyou’dbeagreatfit.Reviewandsubmityourapplication.Aftersubmission,ouradmissionsteamwillreviewyourdetails,andyou’llhearbackwithin23days.ApplynowtojoinusatOxfordSummerCourses21.Whoisthecoursetargetedat?A.AIcuriousteenagers.B.Professionalengineers.C.pupils.D.Innovativeresearchers.22.Whatmakesthetwoweekprogramdistinctive?A.Itsconventionalcurricula.B.Thelecturebasedprojects.C.Students’fullengagement.D.Itsfreeofchargeadmission.23.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Asciencemagazine.B.Aresearchinstitute.C.Anacademicjournal.D.Aneducationwebsite.第7頁/共26頁【答案】21.A22.C23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。牛津暑期課程開設(shè)劍橋AI夏校，面向1617歲AI好奇青少年，課程融合理論實踐，兩周互動項目可夯實基礎(chǔ)，申請便捷且反饋快。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“forages1617,ouruniqueAIsummerschoolexperienceencouragesindependentthinkingwithinaninclusivemunity,hostedintheheartofCambridge.(我們的專屬人工智能夏令營專為16至17歲的青少年設(shè)計，旨在在一個包容的環(huán)境中激發(fā)獨立思考能力，整個夏令營活動將在劍橋市中心舉行)”可知，該課程的目標受眾是對人工智能充滿好奇的青少年。故選A?！?2題詳解】TheArtificialIntelligencecourseinCambridgeisatwoweekprogramfilledwithinteractivelessons,codingchallenges,andgroupprojects.Eachdaypresentsnewopportunitiestoexploremachine,networkanddesign.(劍橋大學(xué)的人工智能課程為期兩周，課程內(nèi)容包括互動式教學(xué)、編程挑戰(zhàn)以及小組項目。每天都會為學(xué)員提供探索機器、網(wǎng)絡(luò)和設(shè)計的新機會)”可知，這個為期兩周的項目的獨特之處是學(xué)生們可以充分參與。故選C。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Applyingiseasy.Clickthelinkattached申請很簡單。點擊下面附上的鏈接即可)”結(jié)合文章介紹了牛津暑期課程開設(shè)劍橋AI夏校，面向1617歲AI好奇青少年，課程融合理論實踐，兩周互動項目可夯實基礎(chǔ)，申請便捷且反饋快?？芍?，文章選自一個教育網(wǎng)站。故選D。Mostpeoplecelebratetheir80thbirthdaywithcakeandcandles.BettyKellenbergercelebratedhersbymakinghistory.TheMichigannativerecentlybecametheoldestwomanevertohiketheentireAppalachian—asurprising2,200miledifficultwalkthatstretchesacross14states,withclimbsanddescentsequaltoclimbingMountEverest16times.seeincrediblepartsofourcountry,thingsthatyouwouldn’tseeotherwise,”saidKellenberger.“Somuchwildlife.It’sjustbeautiful.”KellenbergergrewuponafarminHowell,whereherfascinationwiththefamousfootpathbegan.Foryears,shedreamedabouthikingthetrailfromGeorgiatoMaine,butlifeneverallowedforthesixmonthmitmentitrequired.Eventually,sherealizedthatnothingwasholdingherback—soin2024,shetookherfirststepsonwhatwouldbeetheadventureofalifetime.第8頁/共26頁Thejourneywasn’teasy.Alongtheway,Kellenbergerfaceddehydration(脫水),falls,andevendisease.ItwasalsointerruptedbyHurricaneHelene,whichtorethroughtheeasternUnitedStatesandforcedhertopauseatthesouthernborder.Determinedtofinish,shereroutednorthandcontinuedinthespringof2025,bravingNewEngland’srockyterrainuntiltheveryend.Whenshefinallyreachedtheendofthetrail,theemotionshithard.“Soyou’reabasketcase,”shelaughed.havesomanyemotionsbecauseyou’reexcitedaboutfinishing.Iwasreallylookingforwardtosaying,‘Iamdone.’Butyoualsoknowyou’regoingtomissthisbigtime.notgoingtohavewhatyouhaveoutonthattrail.Thatpeace,thetranquility.”ShedescribedMaineandNewHampshireasthetougheststretches—butalsothemostrewarding.Now,aftermonthsofhikingthroughrain,heat,andhardship,Kellenbergersaysshe’sinthebestshapeofherlife.24.Whathistorydid80yearoldKellenbergermake?A.Shelivedaslongalifeas80years.B.Shespentalifetimeexploring.C.SheclimbedMountEverestallalone.D.Shemadealongtoughjourney.25.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphindicate?A.Thehikingwasherlonghelddream.B.Shewasanaturalsportsenthusiast.C.Hercelebrationwasonelikenoother.D.Herdifficultlifekilledherpursuit.26.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph5?A.Hersuccesswasinparable.B.Itwasaonceinalifetimechance.C.Theexperienceblewheraway.D.Shehadn’texpectedtheoute.27.WhichwordbestdescribesKellenbergerfromherepisode?A.Selfcentered.B.Emotional.C.Longlived.D.Adventurous.【答案】24.D25.A26.C27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了80歲的貝蒂以徒步完2200英里阿巴拉契亞小徑創(chuàng)紀錄慶生，她圓了多年夢想，歷經(jīng)諸多艱險，終獲難忘體驗且身體狀態(tài)極佳?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TheMichigannativerecentlybecametheoldestwomanevertohiketheentireAppalachian—asurprising2,200miledifficultwalkthatstretchesacross14states,withclimbsanddescentsequaltoclimbingMountEverest16times.(這位來自密歇根州的女士最近成為了徒步完成整個阿巴拉契亞步道的最年長女性——這是一段長達2200英里的艱難旅程，橫跨14個州，其中的攀登和下山的路程第9頁/共26頁相當于攀登珠穆朗瑪峰16次)”可知，80歲的凱倫伯格經(jīng)歷了一段漫長而艱難的旅程。故選D。【25題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“KellenbergergrewuponafarminHowell,whereherfascinationwiththefamousfootpathbegan.Foryears,shedreamedabouthikingthetrailfromGeorgiatoMaine,butlifeneverallowedforthesixmonthmitmentitrequired.(凱倫伯格兒時在霍厄爾的一個農(nóng)場長大，正是在那里，她對那條著名的徒步路線產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。多年來，她一直夢想著從佐治亞州徒步走到緬因州，但生活卻無法給予她那需要持續(xù)六個月的行程所需的時間)”可知，第三段表明這次徒步旅行是她長久以來的夢想。故選A。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Whenshefinallyreachedtheendofthetrail,theemotionshithard.“Soyou’reabasketcase,”shelaughed.havesomanyemotionsbecauseyou’reexcitedaboutfinishing.Iwasreallylookingforwardtosaying,‘Iamdone.’Butyoualsoknowyou’regoingtomissthisbigtime.notgoingtohavewhatyouhaveoutonthattrail.Thatpeace,thetranquility.”(當她終于走完這條小路時，內(nèi)心的情感沖擊力到興奮。我原本真的很期待能說‘我完成了’。但你也知道，你肯定會懷念這段特別的經(jīng)歷。你不會再擁)”可知，這次經(jīng)歷令她大為震驚。故選C。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“TheMichigannativerecentlybecametheoldestwomanevertohiketheentireAppalachian—asurprising2,200miledifficultwalkthatstretchesacross14states,withclimbsanddescentsequaltoclimbingMountEverest16times.(這位來自密歇根州的女士最近成為了徒步完成整個阿巴拉契亞步道的最年長女性——這是一段長達2200英里的艱難旅程，橫跨14個州，其中的攀登和下山的路程相當于攀登珠穆朗瑪峰16次)”以及倒數(shù)第三段“Thejourneywasn’teasy.Alongtheway,Kellenbergerfaceddehydration(脫水),falls,andevenlydisease.ItwasalsointerruptedbyHurricaneHelene,whichtorethroughtheeasternUnitedStatesandforcedhertopauseatthesouthernborder.(這段旅程并非一帆風(fēng)順。在旅途中，凱倫伯格遭遇了脫水、摔倒以及各種疾病。此外，颶風(fēng)海倫妮也給她帶來了干擾，這場颶風(fēng)席卷了美國東部地區(qū)，迫使她不得不在弗吉尼亞州南部邊境暫停行程)80重重困難，堅持完成2200英里的艱難徒步，且將這段旅程視為畢生冒險，體現(xiàn)了她愛冒險、勇于挑戰(zhàn)的特質(zhì)。故選D。Fordecades,environmentalsciencefocusedonidentifyingisolated(孤立的)problemsandtheirdirectfixes.However,asignificantshiftisnowdefiningthefield:researchersaremovingfromalinear(線性的)viewto第10頁/共26頁understandingtheEarthasaplex,interconnectedsystem.Thisnewfundamentalchangerevealsthatwellintentionedactionscanhaveunintendedconsequences,makingthepathtosustainabilityfarmorenuanced(復(fù)雜).Themostconvincingevidenceforthisshiftesfromresearchonclimatefeedbackloops.Forinstance,scientistshavediscoveredthataswesuccessfullyreduceairpollution,wealsodecreasethereflectiveaerosols(氣溶膠)thatoncesubtlycooledtheplanet.This“unmasking”accelerateswarming,revealingthefullforceofgreenhousegases.Similarly,thealarmingmeltofpermafrost(永凍土)isnotjustasignofwarming;itisapowerfuldriver,releasingvaststoresofmethaneandcarbondioxideinaselfreinforcingcycle.Thissystemicthinkingextendstoproposedsolutions.Theconceptofplantingtreesasasimplecarbonsinkisnowexaminedcarefully.ResearchshowsthatlargescaleafforestationinthewronglocationscanreducetheEarth’sreflectivity,absorbmoreheat,anddisturblocalwatercycles,potentiallynegatingthecarbonbenefits.Thefocushasthereforeswitchedtoecosystemspecificrestorationandaprehensivemanagementofnaturalcarbonstocks.Ultimately,thecentralinsightofmodernenvironmentalresearchisthatthereare.Thechallengeisnolongerjustaboutinventingcleanertechnologiesbutaboutmanagingplexsystems.Thenewfrontierisunderstandingtheseinterconnectionstodesignresilientstrategiesthatworkwiththeplanet’ssystems,notagainstthem.28.Whatdotheexamplesinparagraph2serveas?A.Theconsequencescaused.B.Thelikelihoodofthechange.C.Thesolidproofoftheshift.D.Theprospectofsustainability.29.Whatshouldsolutionstonaturalcarbonstocksbebasedon?A.Preciselocations.B.Systemicthinking.C.Localwatercycles.D.Greenhousegases.30.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“nosilverbullets”?A.Thesituationisworsening.B.Itisachallengelikeneverbefore.C.Thereisnosinglesolution.D.Researchworkisfarfromperfect.31.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthearticle?A.AHarmoniousEcosystemistoArriveB.FromSimpleSolutionstoSystemicThinkingC.SustainableDevelopmentisFinallyinSightD.OnesizefitsallApproachesareHeretoStay第11頁/共26頁【答案】28.C29.B30.C31.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是環(huán)境科學(xué)正經(jīng)歷重大轉(zhuǎn)變，從關(guān)注孤立問題及其直接解決方案的線性思維，轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)⒌厍蛞暈閺?fù)雜互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)性思維?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Themostconvincingevidenceforthisshiftesfromresearchonclimatefeedbackloops.Forinstance,scientistshavediscoveredthataswesuccessfullyreduceairpollution,wealsodecreasethereflectiveaerosols(氣溶膠)thatoncesubtlycooledtheplanet.(支持這一轉(zhuǎn)變的最有力證據(jù)來自對氣候反饋循環(huán)的研究。例如，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，當我們成功減少空氣污染時，也同時減少了那些曾微妙地使地球降溫的反射性氣溶膠。)”可知，本段中的例子是這一轉(zhuǎn)變的有力證據(jù)。故選C。【29題詳解】Thissystemicthinkingextendstoproposedsolutions.(這種系統(tǒng)的思考延伸到提出的解決方案。)”和“Thefocushasthereforeswitchedtoecosystemspecificrestorationandaprehensivemanagementofnaturalcarbonstocks.(因此，重點已轉(zhuǎn)向針對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的恢復(fù)和對天然碳儲量的綜合管理。)”可知，針對自然碳儲量的解決方案應(yīng)該基于系統(tǒng)性思維。故選B?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thechallengeisnolongerjustaboutinventingcleanertechnologiesbutaboutmanagingplexsystems.(如今的挑戰(zhàn)不再僅僅是發(fā)明更清潔的技術(shù)，而是要管理復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)。)”可知，nosilverbullets的意思是“沒有單一的解決辦法”。故選C。【31題詳解】Fordecades,environmentalsciencefocusedonidentifyingisolated(孤立的)problemsandtheirdirectfixes.However,asignificantshiftisnowdefiningthefield:researchersaremovingfromalinear(線性的)viewtounderstandingtheEarthasaplex,interconnectedsystem.(一直專注于識別孤立的問題并尋求直接解決方案。然而，如今該領(lǐng)域正發(fā)生重大轉(zhuǎn)變：研究人員正從線性視角轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)⒌厍蛞暈橐粋€復(fù)雜且相互關(guān)聯(lián)的系統(tǒng)來加以理解。)”可知，本文主要講的是環(huán)境科學(xué)正經(jīng)歷重大轉(zhuǎn)變，從關(guān)注孤立問題及其直接解決方案的線性思維，轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)⒌厍蛞暈閺?fù)雜互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)性思維，因此最好的標題是B選項“FromSimpleSolutionstoSystemicThinking(從簡單解決方案到系統(tǒng)思考)B。Accordingtoanewstudy,menaroundtheworldhavegainedheightandweighttwiceasfastaswomenover第12頁/共26頁thepastcentury,drivinggreaterdifferencesbetweenthesexes.seeinginsightsintohowsexualselectionhasshapedthemaleandfemalebodyandhowimprovedenvironments,intermsoffoodandalowerburdenofdisease,havefreedusfromourshackles(束縛),”saidProfLewisHalseyattheUniversityofRoehampton.HalseyandhiscolleaguesuseddatafromtheHealthOrganization,overseasauthoritiesandUKrecordstoseehowheightandweighthavechangedwithlivingconditions.Thelatterwasmeasuredbythehumandevelopmentindex(HDI),ascorebasedonlifeexpectancy,timeineducationandpercapitaine,whichrangesfromzerotoone.Analysisofrecordsfromdozensofcountriesfoundthatforevery0.2pointincreaseinHDI,womenwereonaverage1.7cmtallerand2.7kgheavier,whilemenwere4cmtallerand6.5kgheavier.Thissuggeststhataslivingconditionsimprove,bothheightandweightincrease,butmorethantwiceasfastinmenthanwomen.inBiologyLettersinastudytitled“Thesexyandpowerfulmalebody:men’sheightandweightareconditiondependent,sexuallyselectedtraits(特性)”,thescientistssupposethatwomen’ssexualpreferencesmayhavefuelledatrendfortaller,moremuscularmenwhoarebelievedtobebetterabletodefendtheirpartnersandoffspringagainstothers.Thefindingsbuildonpreviousworkthatfoundwomenwanttallermenmorethanmenwantshorterwomen.But,whiletallerpeopletendtoearnmore,theyarealsomorelikelytodevelopvariouscancers,possiblybecausetheyhavemorecellsthatcanaccumulatemutations(突變)whichleadtothedisease.Michaelprofessorofecology,evolutionandbehaviourattheUniversityofMinnesota,saidthefasterincreaseinmaleheightandweightwas“striking”.Hesaiditwasconsistentwithalongstandingideathatfemalesare“themoreecologicallyrestricted”sexbecauseofthedemandsofreproduction,particularlyinmammals(哺乳動物)wheregeneratingandnursingare“energeticallyexpensive”.32.Whatdifferencesbetweenthesexesdothefindingsinvolve?A.Nutritionandhealth.B.Heightandweight.C.Schoolingandine.D.Genderandgrowth.33.Whatdidthestudyfocuson?A.Thecontributorstotheincrease.B.Theapproachtothephenomenon.C.Theconsequencesofthechange.D.Thetrendofhumandevelopment.34.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph6?A.Thebenefitsofgrowingathletic.B.Thepreferencesforpartners.第13頁/共26頁C.Thecausesofdevelopingcancer.D.Thedownsidesofbeingtall.35.Whyistheincreaseinfemaleheightandweightlessstriking?A.prioritizehealthoverheight.B.biologicalroledominatesit.C.Malestendtochooseshorterwomen.D.Theyfallvictimtosomewrongideas.【答案】32.B33.A34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了新研究表明，過去百年男性身高體重增速為女性兩倍，或與性選擇及生活條件改善有關(guān)，高個子有優(yōu)勢但也更易患癌。【32題詳解】Accordingtoanewstudy,menaroundtheworldhavegainedheightandweighttwiceasfastaswomenoverthepastcentury,drivinggreaterdifferencesbetweenthesexes.(的一個世紀里，世界各地的男性身高和體重的增長速度是女性的兩倍，這進一步拉大了男女之間的身高和體重差異)”可知，這些研究結(jié)果揭示了男女之間的身高與體重差異。故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“inBiologyLettersinastudytitled“Thesexyandpowerfulmalebody:men’sheightandweightareconditiondependent,sexuallyselectedtraits(特性)”,thescientistssupposethatwomen’ssexualpreferencesmayhavefuelledatrendfortaller,moremuscularmenwhoarebelievedtobebetterabletodefendtheirpartnersandoffspringagainstothers.(在《生物學(xué)通訊》雜志上發(fā)表的一項名為《性感且強大的男性體態(tài)：男性身高和體重是受環(huán)境影響、由性選擇形成的特征》的研究中，科學(xué)家們推測，女性的性偏好可能推動了這一趨勢：即出現(xiàn)更高、更健壯的男性，因為這類男性被認為更有能力保護自己的伴侶和后代免受其他人的侵害)”可知，這項研究的重點是造成這一增長的因素。故選A?！?4題詳解】Thefindingsbuildonpreviousworkthatfoundwomenwanttallermenmorethanmenwantshorterwomen.But,whiletallerpeopletendtoearnmore,theyarealsomorelikelytodevelopvariouscancers,possiblybecausetheyhavemorecellsthatcanaccumulatemutations(突變)whichleadtothedisease.(這些研究結(jié)果進一步證實了此前的一項發(fā)現(xiàn)，即女性想要高個男性的程度超過男性想要矮個女性的程度。不過，盡管身材較高的人往往收入更高，但他們患各種癌癥的風(fēng)險也更高，這可能是因為他們體內(nèi)的細胞數(shù)量更多，更容易積累突變從而引發(fā)疾病)”可知，第六段主要談?wù)摰氖巧砀哌^高帶來的弊端。故選D?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Hesaiditwasconsistentwithalongstandingideathatfemalesare“themore第14頁/共26頁ecologicallyrestricted”sexbecauseofthedemandsofreproduction,particularlyinmammals(哺乳動物)wheregeneratingandnursingare“energeticallyexpensive”.(應(yīng)方面“更具局限性”，這是因為生育的需求所致，尤其是在哺乳動物中，產(chǎn)仔和哺乳過程“能量消耗巨大”)”可知，女性身高和體重的增長幅度沒有那么顯著是因為女性的生理特性起著主導(dǎo)作用。故選B。第二節(jié)共5個小題；每小題分，滿分分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。haveskincancer.”Noonewantstohearsuchscarywords.Andunfortunately,thenumberofthosewhohearthemjustkeepsrising.TheHealthOrganization(WHO)estimatesglobalcancerrateswillincrease77percentby2050.____36____Byadoptingafewhealthyhabitsandmakingsmartchoices,peoplecanreducetheirriskofdevelopingskincancer.OneofthemostimportantwaysistolimityourexposuretoUVraysfromthesun.UVraysarestrongestbetween10a.m.and4p.m.,soit’sbesttostayindoorsorintheshadeduringthesehours.Ifyouhavetobeinthesun,wearprotectiveclothing.____37____Thesemeasurescanshelteryoufromharmfulradiationandpreventsunburn,whichisamajorriskfactorforskincancer.____38____Chooseatypewithasunprotectionfactorofatleast30.ItshouldprotectagainstbothkindsofUVraysthatcausedamagetoyourskin.Applyittoallexposedskin,includingyourface,neck,earsandhands,evenoncloudydays.Putitoneverytwohoursormoreoftenifyou’reswimmingorsweating.Regularskinchecksarealsokeyinthepreventionofskincancer.Itisvitaltoexamineyourskinonceamonthforspots,moles(痣)orgrowths.Beonthelookoutforchangesinsize,shapeorcolor.formolesthathaveonesidethatisdifferentfromtheother.____39____Ifamoleisbiggerthanapencileraseroritsappearanceischanging,consultaskindoctorimmediately.Healthyskinisbeautiful.____40____A.Lookatthesize,too.B.Beautyisonlyskindeep.C.SunglassesthatblockUVraysarealsoamust.D.Protectingitisoneofthebestthingsyoucando.E.areboundtobefreefromanyskinproblemsmentioned.F.Usingsunscreenisanotherimportantwaytoprotectyourskin.G.Butthegoodnewsisthatit’salsooneoftheeasiesttoprevent.第15頁/共26頁【答案】36.G37.C38.F39.A40.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了預(yù)防皮膚癌的實用方法。【36題詳解】前文“haveskincancer.”Noonewantstohearsuchscarywords.Andunfortunately,thenumberofthosewhohearthemjustkeepsrising.TheHealthOrganization(WHO)estimatesglobalcancerrateswillincrease77percentby2050.(衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)估計，到2050年，全球癌癥發(fā)病率將上升77%。)”提到皮膚癌發(fā)病率上升的嚴峻現(xiàn)實，后文“Byadoptingafewhealthyhabitsandmakingsmartchoices,peoplecanreducetheirriskofdevelopingskincancer.()”轉(zhuǎn)向通過健康習(xí)慣G項“Butthegoodnewsisthatit’salsooneoftheeasiesttoprevent.()后文的措施，其中的it指代前文的skincancer。故選G?！?7題詳解】前文“Ifyouhavetobeinthesun,wearprotectiveclothing.(如果你必須在陽光下，穿上防護服。)”提到防護紫外線的衣物，后文“Thesemeasurescanshelteryoufromharmfulradiationandpreventsunburn,whichisamajorriskfactorforskincancer.(因素。)C項“SunglassesthatblockUVraysarealsoamust.(能阻擋紫外線的太陽鏡也是必需品。)”符合語境，和前文構(gòu)成遞進關(guān)系。故選C。