2026年IT行業(yè)英語題庫：計算機(jī)專業(yè)技術(shù)詞匯及用法一、選擇題（共10題，每題2分）說明：下列每題均有四個選項(xiàng)，請選擇最符合題意的答案。1.Whichofthefollowingtermsreferstothepracticeofstoringdatainmultiplegeographiclocationstoimproveaccessibilityandredundancy?A.DatamigrationB.DatareplicationC.DatacompressionD.Dataencryption2.Whatdoes"API"standforinthecontextofsoftwaredevelopment?A.ApplicationProgrammingInterfaceB.AdvancedProgrammingIntegrationC.AutomatedProcessImplementationD.ApplicationProtocolIntegration3.Whichclouddeploymentmodelallowsmultipleorganizationstosharethesameinfrastructurewhilemaintainingisolation?A.PubliccloudB.PrivatecloudC.HybridcloudD.Communitycloud4.Theterm"SQLinjection"referstoatypeofattackwhereanattackerinsertsmaliciouscodeintoa______tomanipulateadatabase.A.URLB.QuerystringC.CommandpromptD.Webform5.Whatdoes"UTF-8"standforinthecontextofcharacterencoding?A.UnicodeTransformationFormat-8-bitB.UniversalTextFormatting-8-bitC.UncompressedTextFormat-8-bitD.UnicodeTransferFormat-8-bit6.Whichofthefollowingprotocolsiscommonlyusedforsecureremoteaccesstocorporatenetworks?A.FTPB.SSHC.TelnetD.HTTP7.Inmachinelearning,"overfitting"occurswhenamodel______.A.PerformswellontrainingdatabutpoorlyonunseendataB.FailstogeneralizefromtrainingdataC.UnderfitsthetrainingdataD.Istoosimpletocaptureunderlyingpatterns8.Whatdoes"NLP"standforinartificialintelligence?A.NaturalLanguageProcessingB.NetworkLanguageProtocolC.Next-LevelProgrammingD.NeuralLanguageProcessing9.Whichofthefollowingisacommonmethodforsecuringwirelessnetworks?A.WEPB.WPA3C.WPA2D.WPA10.Theterm"microservices"referstoanarchitecturewhereapplicationsarecomposedof______.A.Single,monolithiccomponentsB.Multiplesmall,independentservicesC.Large,interconnectedmodulesD.Distributedserverclusters二、填空題（共10題，每題2分）說明：請根據(jù)句子意思填寫合適的單詞或短語。1.Theprocessofconvertinganalogsignalsintodigitalformiscalled______.2.A______isavirtualmachinehostedonacloudprovider'sinfrastructure.3.Theacronym"HTML"standsfor______MarkupLanguage.4.Incybersecurity,a______isaprogramdesignedtostealsensitiveinformation.5.Theterm"versioncontrol"referstothepracticeofmanagingchangesto______overtime.6.A______isasetofrulesthatgovernhowdataistransmittedoveranetwork.7.Theprocessofoptimizingdatabaseperformanceisknownas______.8.Theterm"blockchain"referstoadecentralized,distributed______ofrecords.9.Innetworking,a______isadevicethatforwardsdatapacketsbetweennetworks.10.Theterm"containerization"referstotheuseof______topackageanddistributesoftware.三、判斷題（共10題，每題1分）說明：請判斷下列說法是否正確，正確的填“√”，錯誤的填“×”。1.Machinelearningmodelscanimproveaccuracyindefinitelywithmoretrainingdata.√/×2.Theterm"IPv6"referstothenextgenerationofInternetProtocol.√/×3.A"firewall"isasoftwareprogramthatmonitorsandcontrolsincomingandoutgoingnetworktraffic.√/×4.Theterm"BigData"referstoextremelylargedatasetsthatcannotbeprocessedusingtraditionaldataprocessingmethods.√/×5.Theacronym"CPU"standsforCentralProcessingUnit.√/×6.Theterm"virtualization"referstotheprocessofcreatingmultiplevirtualinstancesofasinglephysicalresource.√/×7.Theterm"GDPR"referstoasetofdataprotectionregulationsintheEuropeanUnion.√/×8.Theterm"webscraping"referstotheautomatedextractionofdatafromwebsites.√/×9.Theterm"edgecomputing"referstoprocessingdataclosertothesourceratherthaninacentralizeddatacenter.√/×10.Theterm"agilemethodology"referstoaprojectmanagementapproachthatemphasizesflexibilityanditerativedevelopment.√/×四、簡答題（共5題，每題4分）說明：請簡要回答下列問題。1.Whatisthedifferencebetween"publiccloud"and"privatecloud"?2.Explaintheconceptof"dataencryption"incybersecurity.3.Whatisthepurposeof"versioncontrol"insoftwaredevelopment?4.Explaintheconceptof"machinelearning"inartificialintelligence.5.Whatistheroleofa"loadbalancer"innetworkarchitecture?答案與解析一、選擇題答案與解析1.B.Datareplication-解析：Datareplicationinvolvescopyingdataacrossmultiplelocationstoensureredundancyandavailability.2.A.ApplicationProgrammingInterface-解析：APIisasetofprotocolsandtoolsthatallowdifferentsoftwareapplicationstocommunicatewitheachother.3.D.Communitycloud-解析：Acommunitycloudissharedamongseveralorganizationswithcommoninterests,suchassecurityorcompliancerequirements.4.B.Querystring-解析：SQLinjectionattacksexploitvulnerabilitiesindatabasequeriesbyinsertingmaliciouscodeintoquerystrings.5.A.UnicodeTransformationFormat-8-bit-解析：UTF-8isawidelyusedcharacterencodingstandardthatsupportsalmostallcharactersintheUnicodeset.6.B.SSH-解析：SSH(SecureShell)isaprotocolforsecureremoteloginandcommandexecutionoveranetwork.7.A.Performswellontrainingdatabutpoorlyonunseendata-解析：Overfittingoccurswhenamodellearnsnoiseinthetrainingdata,leadingtopoorperformanceonnewdata.8.A.NaturalLanguageProcessing-解析：NLPisasubfieldofAIfocusedonenablingcomputerstounderstandandgeneratehumanlanguage.9.B.WPA3-解析：WPA3isthelatestWi-Fisecurityprotocol,offeringenhancedencryptionandprotectionagainstbrute-forceattacks.10.B.Multiplesmall,independentservices-解析：Microservicesarchitecturedecomposesanapplicationintosmall,looselycoupledservicesthatcanbedevelopedanddeployedindependently.二、填空題答案與解析1.Analog-to-digitalconversion-解析：Thisprocessconvertscontinuousanalogsignalsintodiscretedigitalsignals.2.Cloudserver-解析：Acloudserverisavirtualmachineprovidedbycloudprovidersforhostingapplicationsorservices.3.HyperText-解析：HTMListhestandardmarkuplanguageforcreatingwebpagesandwebapplications.4.Malware-解析：Malwarereferstomalicioussoftwaredesignedtoharmorexploitcomputersystems.5.Code-解析：Versioncontrolsystemstrackchangestosourcecodeovertime,allowingdeveloperstocollaborateandreverttopreviousversions.6.Protocol-解析：Networkprotocolsdefinerulesfordatatransmission,suchasTCP/IPorHTTP.7.Databaseoptimization-解析：Thisinvolvesimprovingdatabaseperformancethroughindexing,querytuning,orhardwareupgrades.8.Ledger-解析：Blockchainisadistributedledgerthatrecordstransactionsacrossmultiplenodesinasecure,tamper-proofmanner.9.Router-解析：Arouterdirectsdatapacketsbetweendifferentnetworks,ensuringproperdatadelivery.10.Containers-解析：Containerizationusescontainers(e.g.,Docker)topackagesoftwarewithitsdependenciesforconsistentdeployment.三、判斷題答案與解析1.×-解析：Overfittingcandegrademodelperformance;excessivetrainingdatamayleadtomemorizationratherthangeneralization.2.√-解析：IPv6isthenewerversionoftheInternetProtocol,offeringmoreaddressspacethanIPv4.3.√-解析：Firewallsactasabarrierbetweentrustedanduntrustednetworks,filteringtrafficbasedonsecurityrules.4.√-解析：BigDatareferstolargedatasetsrequiringadvancedtoolsforprocessingandanalysis.5.√-解析：CPU(CentralProcessingUnit)istheprimarycomponentthatexecutesinstructionsinacomputer.6.√-解析：Virtualizationallowsmultiplevirtualinstancestorunonasinglephysicalmachine.7.√-解析：GDPR(GeneralDataProtectionRegulation)isalegalframeworkfordataprotectionintheEU.8.√-解析：Webscrapinginvolvesautomateddataextractionfromwebsitesusingbotsortools.9.√-解析：Edgecomputingprocessesdatanearthesourcetoreducelatencyandbandwidthusage.10.√-解析：Agilemethodologyemphasizesiterativedevelopment,flexibility,andcollaboration.四、簡答題答案與解析1.Differencebetween"publiccloud"and"privatecloud":-Publiccloudissharedamongmultipleusers,offeredbythird-partyproviders(e.g.,AWS,Azure),andtypicallycostslessbutmayhavelesscontrol.-Privatecloudisdedicatedtoasingleorganization,eitheron-premisesorhostedbyaprovider,offeringmorecontrolandsecuritybutathighercost.2.Conceptof"dataencryption"incybersecurity:-Dataencryptio