高考題型強(qiáng)化練高考題型分組優(yōu)化(七)閱讀理解提能練(50分鐘50分)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)AFindInspirationattheNationalInventorsHallofFameMuseumStartYourInnovativeJourneyHereExperiencethepast,presentandfutureofAmericanoriginalityasyouareintroducedtomorethan600world-changinginventorsandimmersedinstoriesofpassion,perseveranceandprogress.AdmissionAdmissiontothemuseumisalwaysFREE—theperfectwaytoaddafun,kid-friendlylearningexperiencetoyourtriptotheWashingtonD.C.area.HoursMonday—Friday,10a.m.to4p.m.ThefirstSaturdayofeverymonth,11a.m.to3p.m.Sundaysandfederalholidays,CLOSEDParkingFindconvenientparkingintheEastGarageat551JohnCarlyleSt.inAlexandria.Hourlyanddailyparkingisavailablealldaylong,MondaythroughFriday,exceptonfederalholidays.Parkingcosts$3perhour,withadailymaximumof$10.VisitorPolicyTheNationalInventorsHallofFameMuseumasksthatyoudonot:·Destroy,damageorremoveproperty·Touchanexhibitunlessexhibitsignsgivepermissionforsuchactivity·Bringdogsorotheranimals,otherthanserviceanimals·Takephotographsforadvertisingoranyothercommercialpurpose·Distributeads,pamphlets,handbillsandflyersContactUsPhone:571-272-0095Email:museum@TheNationalInventorsHallofFameMuseumisanengagingdestinationthatsparkscuriosityinthenextgenerationofcreators,innovatorsandenterprisers.Pleasecalloremailus,andwe’llhelpyoutoarrangeauniquelearningexperienceforyourstudents.【文章大意】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文,介紹了國(guó)家發(fā)明家名人堂博物館的參觀信息。1.Howmuchshouldonepayfortwodaysofparking?A.$10.B.$20.C.$72.D.$144.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Parking部分“Parkingcosts$3perhour,withadailymaximumof$10.(停車費(fèi)每小時(shí)3美元,每天最多10美元。)”可知,停車費(fèi)一天最多10美元,停兩天就是20美元。故選B。2.Whatisprohibitedatthemuseum?A.Bringingserviceanimals.B.Takingphotos.C.Handingoutadvertisements.D.Approachingexhibits.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VisitorPolicy部分“TheNationalInventorsHallofFameMuseumasksthatyoudonot...·Distributeads,pamphlets,handbillsandflyers”可知,在博物館里禁止發(fā)放廣告。故選C。3.Whomightbemostinterestedinthejourneytothemuseum?A.Educators. B.Scientists.C.Artlovers. D.Sportsfans.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段及最后一段可知,最有可能對(duì)博物館感興趣的是對(duì)發(fā)明創(chuàng)新有興趣的科學(xué)家。故選B。B(2025·甘青寧三省區(qū)模擬)Picturethis:Yourcomputercouldsenseyouremotionsasyouworked—feelingyourjoyatcompletingatask,yourboredomduringrepetitivedataentry,oryourfrustrationwhenanerrormessagekeepsemerging.Thismightsoundlikesciencefiction,butresearchersarebringingthisvisionclosertorealitybydevelopingadvancedcomputationalmodelsthatcanpredicthumanemotionsduringcomputerinteractions.AttheforefrontofthiseffortisateamofFinnishscientistswhohavecreatedamodel.Themodelessentiallyputsitselfintheuser’sshoes,simulating(模擬)theseriesofactions,outcomes,andcognitiveappraisals(認(rèn)知評(píng)估)thatultimatelygiverisetoemotionslikehappiness,boredom,orfrustration.Totesttheirmodel,theresearchersdesignedaseriesofinteractivecomputertasksmeanttocausespecificemotions.Inthe“happiness”task,usersansweredaseriesofquestionsandreceivedpositivefeedbackforcorrectresponses.The“boredom”taskinvolvedaseriesofrepetitivequestions.Inthe“frustration”task,thesystemwasintentionallyprogrammedtodisplayerrormessagesandultimatelyfail,regardlessoftheuser’sanswers.Asstudyparticipantsworkedthroughthesetasks,theemotionalreactionspredictedbythemodelcloselymatchedtheemotionsreportedbytheusersthemselves.Themodelwasevenabletodiscoversmallchanges,suchasasteadyincreaseinfrustrationoverthecourseoftheerror-riddentask.Theresearchersbelievetheiremotion-predictingmodelcouldpavethewayforanewgenerationofemotionallyintelligentcomputersthatcantailortheirbehaviortotheuser’spsychologicalstate.Aneffectivesystemmightofferastressedusercomfortingwordsofencouragement,livenupaboringtaskwithhumor,orprovideemotionalassistancewhenfrustrationmounts.“Bycreatinginteractionsthataremoreemotionallyattuned(協(xié)調(diào)),designerscouldboostuserengagement,productivity,andoverallwell-being,”theyadd.However,themodelisstillinprogressandneedstobeextendedtorecognizeawiderrangeofemotionsacrossmorecomplex,real-worldcomputerinteractions.Theresearchersalsoemphasizetheimportanceofgatheringmorediversetrainingdatatoensurethemodelcanaccuratelypredictemotionsforusersofallbackgrounds.【語(yǔ)篇屬性】語(yǔ)篇類型說明文主題語(yǔ)境人與社會(huì)(科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,科學(xué)精神、信息安全)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容科學(xué)家設(shè)計(jì)了能夠預(yù)測(cè)人類在使用計(jì)算機(jī)過程中所展現(xiàn)的情緒的計(jì)算機(jī)模型。這一模型有望為新一代的情感智能計(jì)算機(jī)鋪路語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)Para.1Introducingthetopicbyimaginingaspecialvision:acomputationalmodelcantelltheuser’semotionsPara.2HowthiscomputationalmodelworksPara.3HowthiscomputationalmodelistestedPara.4ResultsofthetestsPara.5TheresearchersspokehighlyofthismodelPara.6Themodelneedsimprovement【命題意圖】4.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?第一段利用人們的想象引出話題,命題者抓住這一寫作方法命制試題,旨在考查考生通過寫作手法把握作者意圖的能力5.Whatwerecomputerusersaskedtodointhestudy?第三段主要介紹了這個(gè)計(jì)算模型的測(cè)試方法和過程,需要電腦使用者說出他們的感受。本題的命制抓住了主干內(nèi)容,考查考生對(duì)計(jì)算模型測(cè)試中的細(xì)節(jié)的捕捉能力6.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?第五段主要介紹了研究人員對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)算模型的評(píng)價(jià)及展望。命題很好地考查了考生的段落大意歸納能力7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?本文主要介紹了一個(gè)新的計(jì)算機(jī)模型的誕生,它可以判斷出使用者的情緒。所以題目應(yīng)該體現(xiàn)computer和emotions兩個(gè)要素。本題主要考查考生的主旨理解能力和標(biāo)題歸納能力4.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?A.Bymakingacomparison.B.Bycreatingimaginaryscenes.C.Bytellingareal-lifestory.D.Bysharingapopularbook.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Picturethis:Yourcomputercouldsenseyouremotionsasyouworked—feelingyourjoyatcompletingatask,yourboredomduringrepetitivedataentry,oryourfrustrationwhenanerrormessagekeepsemerging.”可知,作者通過創(chuàng)造一個(gè)想象中的場(chǎng)景來引入文本的主題,即計(jì)算機(jī)能夠感知用戶的情緒。故選B。5.Whatwerecomputerusersaskedtodointhestudy?Aforteachother.B.Reporttheirfeelings.C.Getridofboredom.D.Staydisconnectedonline.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthe“happiness”task,usersansweredaseriesofquestionsandreceivedpositivefeedbackforcorrectresponses.The“boredom”taskinvolvedaseriesofrepetitivequestions.Inthe“frustration”task,thesystemwasintentionallyprogrammedtodisplayerrormessagesandultimatelyfail,regardlessoftheuser’sanswers.”可知,參與者被要求完成不同的任務(wù),而這些任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)的目的是引發(fā)特定的情緒,即計(jì)算機(jī)使用者在研究中需要告知他們的感受。故選B。6.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Greatimprovementsonthemodel.B.Characteristicsoffuturecomputerusers.C.Researchers’expectationoftheirmodel.Dputerusers’responsestothemodel.【解析】選C。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Theresearchersbelievetheiremotion-predictingmodelcouldpavethewayforanewgenerationofemotionallyintelligentcomputersthatcantailortheirbehaviortotheuser’spsychologicalstate.”可知,本段主要介紹了研究人員對(duì)這個(gè)模型的期待——希望它能為新一代的情感智能計(jì)算機(jī)鋪路,而不是A項(xiàng)“模型本身的改進(jìn)”B項(xiàng)“未來計(jì)算機(jī)用戶的特點(diǎn)”或D項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)用戶對(duì)模型的反應(yīng)”。故選C。7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SmartComputersMayReplaceHumansB.InteractionswithComputersAreEnjoyableCputersMightUnderstandOurEmotionsD.AnEmotion-predictingModelMeetsChallenges【解析】選C。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Picturethis:Yourcomputercouldsenseyouremotionsasyouworked—feelingyourjoyatcompletingatask,yourboredomduringrepetitivedataentry,oryourfrustrationwhenanerrormessagekeepsemerging.”和第二段的內(nèi)容可知,本文主要介紹了芬蘭科學(xué)家設(shè)計(jì)的能夠預(yù)測(cè)人類在使用計(jì)算機(jī)過程中所展現(xiàn)的情緒的計(jì)算機(jī)模型,這說明計(jì)算機(jī)也許能夠理解人類的情緒。故選C?！臼Х制饰觥康?題的A選項(xiàng)有一定的干擾性。第五段中提到計(jì)算機(jī)將來的許多新功能?？忌赡芤虼苏`選A。本題的解題關(guān)鍵是第五段第一句中的“...couldpavethewayfor...(為……鋪平道路)”,表達(dá)的是為將來的計(jì)算機(jī)打下基礎(chǔ)。這是展望,不是現(xiàn)有的發(fā)展。CWenowliveinanageofinstantimagesandemoji,when10,000copiesofapicturecanbespreadaroundtheworldinsecondsbyslidingafingerhalfaninchacrossaphonescreen.Thiswouldhavebeenunbelievableandunimaginable20yearsago.Butitisintheworldofhand-copiedmanuscripts(手稿)1,000yearsoldormorethatthedigitalrevolutionhashadsomeofitsmostprofoundandobviousbeneficialeffects.Whatmayhavetakenthreeyearstowriteoutcantodaybeprintedoutinthreeseconds.Therearenowtensofthousandsofonceuniquedocumentswhichhavebeendigitizedandplacedonlineforanyonetoaccessallaroundtheworld,andthisisavast,democratizingwonder.TaketheParkerLibraryinCambridge,whichcontainsthescholarlyworksduringtheReformation(宗教改革時(shí)期)andcollectedbyMatthewParker.IthasbeendigitizedinaprojectwithStanfordUniversity,andin2018thesitewasopenedtoallcomerstobrowseafter10yearsbehindscholarlypaywalls.Whatisastonishingisnotjustthetextsthemselves,butthepictures:theilluminations(彩圖)onsomeofthemanuscriptsshowoffthefertilityandvividnessofthemedievalimagination.Digitizedcollectionsofthesesortscannotentirelysubstituteforreallibraries.Totouchwithyourownhandaparchment(羊皮紙)fromamedievalmonkisanexperiencenoscreencanoffer,butitisonewhichmustalwaysberestrictedtoaluckyfew.Therearesomethingssooldandfragilethatevenbeinglookedatmaydamagethem.ThecavesatLascauxhadtobeclosedtoprotectthepaintingsfromthebreathoftouristsandreplacedbyavirtualdisplay.Yetinsomewaysthesecopiesarebetterthantheoriginals.Reproductionsofahighenoughqualitymakeobviousdetailthat’sinvisibletothenativeeye.What’smore,digitalcollectionscanbegatheredononescreenfromacrosstheglobe.TheInternationalDunhuangProjectreunitesonscreentensofthousandsofBuddhistscrollsandartifactsinwesternChina.Whatispossiblewiththisonecollectionshouldfairlysoonbepossiblewithallthescholarlydigitizedmanuscriptsoftheworld.Thehopeistobringthemunderonesystemofclassificationsothattheycanquicklybesearchedandsortednomatterwheretheycamefromandwheretheynowarestored.Theworldmayalwaysprefercatgifstoancientmanuscripts,butthetranslationfromparchmenttopixels(像素)remindsusofthehumanisticoptimismwithwhichthewebcameintotheworld,andshowsthatmuchofitwasnotmisplacedatall.【語(yǔ)篇屬性】語(yǔ)篇類型說明文主題語(yǔ)境人與社會(huì)(科學(xué)與進(jìn)步科技發(fā)展與技術(shù)創(chuàng)新)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容文章講述了數(shù)字技術(shù)如何使古老手稿得以快速傳播,以帕克圖書館為例,展示手稿數(shù)字化的成果。雖無法取代實(shí)物,數(shù)字化讓更多人能接觸珍貴文獻(xiàn),實(shí)現(xiàn)全球資源共享,保護(hù)脆弱文物,是人文研究領(lǐng)域的重大進(jìn)步語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)Para.1Digitalrevolutionaffectsancientmanuscripts,makingthemwidelyavailableonline.Para.2ParkerLibrary’sworksdigitizedwithStanford;itsilluminationsareamazing.Para.3Digitalcan’treplacereallibrariesasolditemsarefragile.Para.4Digitalcopieshaveadvantages;DunhuangProjectshowspotentialofglobalsystem.Para.5Digitizationofmanuscriptsreflectsweb’shumanisticoptimism.【命題意圖】8.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodobymentioningtheParkerLibrary?該題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)作者提及ParkerLibrary的目的之推理判斷能力。文章第二段明確提到了ParkerLibrary與StanfordUniversity的數(shù)字化項(xiàng)目(措施),并指出這個(gè)項(xiàng)目使得圖書館在2018年向公眾開放(效果),這足以說明作者提及ParkerLibrary的主要目的是描述手稿數(shù)字化的措施和效果。9.AccordingtoParagraph3,thepurposeofclosingthecavesatLascauxisto______.

考查學(xué)生對(duì)拉斯科洞穴關(guān)閉原因的理解。從文中提取關(guān)鍵信息,理解保護(hù)措施與保護(hù)對(duì)象之間的因果關(guān)系,排除干擾項(xiàng)。10.Classifyingthedigitizedmanuscriptsinonesystemisbeneficialto______.

考查學(xué)生對(duì)手稿數(shù)字化分類系統(tǒng)好處的理解。理解文中關(guān)于數(shù)字化手稿管理相關(guān)內(nèi)容,分析分類系統(tǒng)的功能意義,準(zhǔn)確把握細(xì)節(jié)。11.Whichwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章整體標(biāo)題的概括能力。綜合理解文章內(nèi)容,提煉文章核心思想,對(duì)比不同選項(xiàng)對(duì)文章主旨的概括程度。8.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodobymentioningtheParkerLibrary?A.CondemnthebehaviorofMatthewParkerasimmoral.B.Demonstratetheworthandvalueofitsdistinctivedocuments.C.Describethemeasuresandeffectsofdigitizingthemanuscripts.D.Displaythefertilityandvividnessofthemedievalimagination.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知,帕克圖書館的手稿被數(shù)字化,并與斯坦福大學(xué)合作放置在網(wǎng)上供全球訪問,這體現(xiàn)了手稿數(shù)字化的過程及其帶來的廣泛可訪問性的好處。故選C。9.AccordingtoParagraph3,thepurposeofclosingthecavesatLascauxisto______.

A.preventthepaintingsfrombeingdamagedB.carryontherestorationofthepaintingsC.showthewondereffectofthevirtualdisplayD.reducethenumberoftourists【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ThecavesatLascauxhadtobeclosedtoprotectthepaintingsfromthebreathoftouristsandreplacedbyavirtualdisplay.”可知,拉斯科洞穴對(duì)游客關(guān)閉是為了保護(hù)繪畫免受游客呼吸的損害,表明了關(guān)閉洞穴的目的是防止藝術(shù)品受損。故選A。10.Classifyingthedigitizedmanuscriptsinonesystemisbeneficialto______.

A.collectingmuchmorevaluablematerialsB.quicklyfindingandsortingdocumentsC.consultingmaterialsfromallovertheworldD.savingtimeandenergyofsearchingdocuments【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thehopeistobringthemunderonesystemofclassificationsothattheycanquicklybesearchedandsortednomatterwheretheycamefromandwheretheynowarestored.”可知,將所有學(xué)術(shù)數(shù)字化手稿統(tǒng)一在一個(gè)分類系統(tǒng)下,以便能夠快速搜索和排序。故選B。11.Whichwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheImpactofDigitalRevolutionEraB.TheNewEraofTraditionalManuscriptsC.AccessibilityofOldManuscriptsAllAroundtheWorldD.DigitalRevolutionBringsManuscriptsTolife【解析】選D。最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文,尤其是由第二段可知,文章主要探討了數(shù)字技術(shù)如何使古老的手稿以數(shù)字形式廣泛傳播,使全球范圍內(nèi)的訪問成為可能,同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)了這一過程對(duì)保護(hù)和研究古代文獻(xiàn)的重要意義。由此可知,D選項(xiàng)“DigitalRevolutionBringsManuscriptsTolife(數(shù)字革命使手稿栩栩如生)”適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D?！臼Х制饰觥康?題失分原因是對(duì)例子理解不全面。如果只關(guān)注到帕克圖書館手稿的價(jià)值(如插圖等),可能會(huì)誤選B或D。沒有深入理解整個(gè)段落對(duì)手稿數(shù)字化過程和結(jié)果的描述,就難以準(zhǔn)確選C。有時(shí)會(huì)未把握重點(diǎn),沒有理解作者通過這個(gè)例子是為了闡述數(shù)字化的情況,而被無關(guān)的道德評(píng)判或單一價(jià)值方面的干擾項(xiàng)誤導(dǎo)。第9題失分原因是對(duì)信息理解錯(cuò)誤。沒有抓住文中關(guān)閉洞穴是為了保護(hù)畫作這一關(guān)鍵信息,可能會(huì)因?qū)μ摂M展示、游客數(shù)量等相關(guān)內(nèi)容的誤解而誤選C或D?；蛘哌壿嬯P(guān)系混淆,不能正確理解保護(hù)措施(關(guān)閉洞穴)與保護(hù)對(duì)象(畫作)之間的因果聯(lián)系,導(dǎo)致選錯(cuò)。第10題失分原因是對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)理解不足。沒有準(zhǔn)確理解文中關(guān)于分類系統(tǒng)目的是快速搜索和排序這一內(nèi)容,可能會(huì)因?qū)?jié)省時(shí)間、精力等類似表述的模糊理解而誤選D,或者被收集材料、咨詢材料等干擾項(xiàng)誤導(dǎo)。如果主旨關(guān)聯(lián)不清,沒有將分類系統(tǒng)的好處與文章整體對(duì)手稿數(shù)字化管理的主旨聯(lián)系起來,就會(huì)導(dǎo)致選擇偏離。第11題失分原因是對(duì)主旨概括不準(zhǔn)確。如果沒有從整體上理解文章是圍繞數(shù)字革命對(duì)手稿的積極作用展開,可能會(huì)因?qū)Σ糠謨?nèi)容的片面理解而選錯(cuò)。有時(shí)選項(xiàng)分析不到位,不能準(zhǔn)確分析每個(gè)選項(xiàng)對(duì)文章主旨的涵蓋程度,無法識(shí)別選項(xiàng)的寬泛、片面或不準(zhǔn)確之處。D(2024·江西模擬)AshomegardenersintheUSpagethroughseedcatalogs(目錄冊(cè))andpickouttheirfavoriteplants,there’sanewseedthathasneverbeenavailabletothembefore:apurpletomato.ItisthefirstgeneticallyengineeredfoodcroptobedirectlymarketedtohomegardenersandtheseedswentonsaleSaturday.ThelendingscientistbehindthetomatoisCathieMartin.About20yearsago,shesetouttocreateatransgenic(轉(zhuǎn)基因的)tomato,usingDNAfromapurplesnapdragon,whichisanunrelatedeatableflower.Hergoalwastodevelopatomatowithhighlevelsofanthocyanins,chemicalsthatgiveblueberries,blackberries,eggplantandpurplecabbagetheircolor.Researchhasshownthatanthocyaninsalsohaveanti-cancerandanti-agingeffects.“It’snormalfortomatoestomakethesehealthychemicals.Buttheytypicallydon’tmakethemverymuchinthefruit,”Martintoldreportersinaninterview.“Theynormallyappearintheleavesandstems.”Soshestartedwith,separatingtheDNAinthesnapdragonflowerthatturnsonandoffthepurplecolor.Next,sheusedabasictechniquethatwasfiguredoutbyscientistsinthe1980stointroduceitintoacertainbacteriasothatthetomatocouldthentakeintheforeigngeneticmaterialandexpressthisnewgene.Theresult?InapaperpublishedinNature,Martinfoundthatthepurpletomatohad,perweight,asmuchanthocyaninasablueberryoreggplant,andthatthemicewhoateadietmixedwithpurpletomatoeslived30%longerthanthosewhodidn’t.“Americanseatmoretomatoesannually,soitmakesthenutritionalbenefitsmoreaccessible,”Martinsaid.Ofcourse,somepeoplehaveraisedhealthconcernsabouteatinggeneticallyengineeredfoods.Butthesefoodswereintroducedthreedecadesagoandstudieshavenotshownanyharm.“Thepurplepotatoisanothergreatexampleofhowtheoutcomesandapplicationsofsuchbiotechnologiescanimproveourlife,”Martinsaid.【語(yǔ)篇屬性】語(yǔ)篇類型說明文主題語(yǔ)境人與社會(huì)(科學(xué)與進(jìn)步科技發(fā)展與技術(shù)創(chuàng)新)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容文章介紹了第一個(gè)針對(duì)家庭市場(chǎng)開發(fā)的轉(zhuǎn)基因食物:紫色西紅柿。語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)Para.1Anewpurpletomatoseed,thefirstgeneticallyengineeredfoodcropforhomegardeners,wentonsaleintheUS.Para.2CathieMartinaimedtocreateatransgenictomatowithDNAfromapurplesnapdragontohavehighanthocyaninlevelsforhealthbenefits.Para.3Tomatoesusuallydon’tmakemuchofthehealthyanthocyaninsinthefruitbutinleavesandstems.Para.4MartinusedtechniquestointroducerelevantDNAfromsnapdragonintobacteriaforthetomatototakeinthenewgene.Para.5Thepurpletomatohasasmuchanthocyaninassomeotherpurple-coloredfoodsandmiceeatingitlivedlonger.Para.6Martinsaidthepurpletomato’savailabilityintheUSmakesitsnutritionalbenefitsmoreaccessibleasAmericanseatmanytomatoes.Para.7Somepeoplehaveraisedhealthconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredfoods,butstudieshaven’tshownanyharm.Para.8Martinsaidthepurplepotatoexampleshowshowsuchbiotechnologiescanimprovelife.【命題意圖】12.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph?考查學(xué)生對(duì)第二段內(nèi)容的理解推理能力13.Whatcanweknowaboutthetechniqueusedtoproducethepurpletomato?考查學(xué)生對(duì)生產(chǎn)紫色西紅柿技術(shù)的理解。認(rèn)真分析文中關(guān)于技術(shù)流程的描述,辨別技術(shù)的相關(guān)信息,包括其發(fā)明情況、操作步驟和特點(diǎn),準(zhǔn)確把握細(xì)節(jié)14.WhatdoesCathieMartinthinkofthegeneticallyengineeredfoods?考查學(xué)生對(duì)CathieMartin對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品看法的理解?？疾閺奈闹腥宋锏难哉摵拖嚓P(guān)研究結(jié)果的表述中,推斷人物對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品安全性的觀點(diǎn),理解作者通過事例傳達(dá)的態(tài)度15.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章體裁的判斷?？疾楦鶕?jù)文章的內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格和目的,判斷文章的體裁類型,區(qū)分不同體裁的典型特征12.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph?A.Tomatoesusuallydonotproduceanthocyanins.B.Thewildpurplesnapdragonmightbepoisonous.C.Manypurplefruitsmaypostponetheagingprocess.D.Thepurpletomatowaswidelyavailable20yearsago.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可推知,許多紫色水果可能延緩衰老過程。故選C。13.Whatcanweknowaboutthetechniqueusedtoproducethepurpletomato?A.Itisarelativelyoldmethod.B.ItwasinventedbyCathieMartin.C.ItputstheDNAdirectlyintothepotato.D.ItwasusedtoseparatetheDNAintheflower.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知,紫色番茄的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)是一種比較古老的方法。故選A。14.WhatdoesCathieMartinthinkofthegeneticallyengineeredfoods?A.Unprofitable. B.Safe.C.Expensive. D.Unreliable.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可推知,CathieMartin認(rèn)為轉(zhuǎn)基因食品是安全的。故選B。15.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Anadvertisement.B.Ahandbook.C.Ashortstory.D.Asciencereport.【解析】選D。文章出處題。根據(jù)第一段可知,文章介紹了第一個(gè)針對(duì)家庭市場(chǎng)開發(fā)的轉(zhuǎn)基因食物:紫色西紅柿。由此推知,這篇文章很可能選自一份科技報(bào)告。故選D。【失分剖析】第12題失分原因是對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)理解不準(zhǔn)確。若沒注意到文中關(guān)于西紅柿正常會(huì)產(chǎn)生花青素只是量的問題這一細(xì)節(jié),可能誤選A。對(duì)花青素與紫色水果抗衰老關(guān)系理解不足,無法得出C選項(xiàng)。也可能推理過度或不足,可能因過度推測(cè)紫色金魚草有毒而選B,或因不能從文中信息合理推斷出紫色水果的抗衰老作用而失分。第13題失分原因是對(duì)技術(shù)流程混淆。沒有厘清文中關(guān)于技術(shù)步驟的描述,可能因誤解技術(shù)的操作對(duì)象或發(fā)明者而選錯(cuò)。例如,認(rèn)為是Martin發(fā)明技術(shù)而選B,或不清楚是將含相關(guān)DNA的細(xì)菌引入西紅柿而誤選C。只關(guān)注到技術(shù)中的部分信息,如分離DNA步驟,而忽略整體技術(shù)情況,導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)選D。第14題失分原因是對(duì)人物觀點(diǎn)把握錯(cuò)誤。沒有從文中人物言論和相關(guān)研究結(jié)果中準(zhǔn)確理解Martin的觀點(diǎn),可能因受部分人對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品擔(dān)憂的影響而誤選D,或因未關(guān)注安全相關(guān)內(nèi)容而選其他無關(guān)選項(xiàng)。如果忽略關(guān)鍵信息,遺漏文中關(guān)于研究未顯示轉(zhuǎn)基因食品危害這一關(guān)鍵信息,無法正確判斷Martin的態(tài)度。第15題失分原因是對(duì)體裁特征不熟悉。不能準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別不同體裁的特點(diǎn),可能因看到轉(zhuǎn)基因食品有商業(yè)銷售相關(guān)內(nèi)容而誤選A,或因?qū)茖W(xué)報(bào)告和其他體裁區(qū)別不清而選錯(cuò)。Ⅱ.七選五(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)(2025·綿陽(yáng)模擬)NewinventiontogetastronautsmovinginspaceNASAsaysthatastronautscanloseasmuchas10%oftheirbonedensity(骨密度)whenthey’reinspace.That’sbecausethereisnogravityfortheirbodiestopushagainst.16Itisamachinethatallowsthemtojumpinzerogravity.

Jumpinginzerogravitywouldhelpbuildupbonedensityandmusclemassratherthanastronautslosingthiswhileinspace.17Thisistomaintainahealthylifestyleandpreventthemfromlosingtoomuchmuscleandbonedensity.JohnKennett,theengineerofthisproject,saysthathismachinewouldcuttheworkoutsdowntojustsixminutesaday!Itwillallowastronautstotakepartinashortbutintenseworkoutdesignedtobuildbothmusclemassandbonedensity.

Johnsaysthatjumpingisimportanttomaintaingoodbonedensity.18Sohethinkshisinventionistheperfectsolution.

FormerNASAastronautLeroy