1、.北冰洋 Arctic Ocean 大西洋 Atlantic Ocean南大洋 Southern Ocean 太平洋 Pacific Ocean洋 ocean 印度洋 Indian Ocean渤海 Bohai Sea 東海 East China Sea海 sea 海洋 marine海域 sea areas 黃海 Yellow Sea南海 South China Sea 邊緣海 marginal sea潮間帶 intertidal zone 潮上帶 supratidal zone潮下帶 subtidal zone 大陸邊緣 continental margin大陸架 continental sh

2、elf 海濱 seashore海峽 channel 陸地岸線 continental coastline內(nèi)陸海 inland sea 河口 estuarine大地水準面 geoid 高程起算面 base sea level海表面 sea surface layer 海平面 sea level微表面 sea tiny surface layer 平均海平面 mean sea level深度基準面 datum for sounding reduction 海圖基準面 chart datum岸礁 shore reef 堡礁 barrier reef島弧 island arc 島嶼 islands a

3、nd islets環(huán)礁 atoll 珊瑚礁 coral reef3 海洋科學工程海洋學 marine engineering 海洋地理學 marine geography海洋地質學 marine geology 海洋地球物理學 marine geophysics海洋化學 marine chemistry 海洋技術 marine technology海洋經(jīng)濟學marine economics 海洋生態(tài)學 marine ecology海洋科學 marine sciences；ocean sciences海洋生物學 marine biology 海洋物理學 marine physics海洋學ocea

4、nography；oceanology 軍事海洋學 military oceanography衛(wèi)星海洋學 satellite oceanography 物理海洋學 physical oceanography區(qū)域海洋學 regional oceanography 海洋動力學 marine dynamics動力海洋學dynamical oceanography 海洋氣象學 marine meteorology海洋光學 marine optics 海洋聲學 marine acoustics水聲學 acoustics 古海洋學 paleoceanography海洋沉積學 marine sediment

5、ology 海洋地層學oceanic stratigraphy海水分析化學 analytical chemistry of sea water海洋地球化學marine geochemistry 海洋生物化學 marine biochemistry海洋物理化學 marine physical chemistry 河口化學estuarine chemistry初級生產(chǎn)力 primary productivity 海洋生態(tài)系（統(tǒng)） marine ecosystems漁業(yè)海洋學 fisheries oceanography 海洋生物學 marine organism海岸帶資源 coastal zone

6、 resources 海底資源 submarine resources海底礦產(chǎn)【資源】 submarine mineral resources海水化學資源marine chemistry resources 海水【水】資源sea water resource海洋可再生資源 ocean reproducible resources海洋空間【資源】ocean space resource 海洋能 marine energy resources海洋生物資源 marine biological resources海洋藥物 marine pharmaceuticals 海洋資源 marine resou

7、rces海洋產(chǎn)業(yè) ocean industry 海洋經(jīng)濟 marine economy海洋開發(fā) marine exploitation 海洋旅游 sea tourism海洋農(nóng)牧化sea farming and ranching 海洋傾倒區(qū) dumping zone at sea 海洋漁業(yè) marine fishery 海洋資源保護 marine resources protection多金屬結核 polymetallic nodule, multimetal nodule多金屬結殼 polymetallic encrustation 多金屬泥 metalliferous mud海底地殼熱流 s

8、ea-bottom hot flow 海底砂礦 submarine placer海底熱液礦床 submarine hydrothermal deposits海底油田 submarine oil field 反滲透reverse osmosis，RO 電滲祈脫鹽 electrodialysis desalination，ED 海水 sea water海水淡化 sea water desalination 海水直接利用 direct use of seawater苦咸水 bitter and salty water膜水處理元件 membrane water treatment element水處理

9、膜 water treatmentmembrane水處理設備 the equipment for water treatment蒸餾淡化法 distillation process for desalination海上人工島 marine artificial island海上養(yǎng)殖工程 mariculture engineering海上油氣開發(fā)工程 exploitative engineering of offshore petroleum exploitative engineering of gas reservoir海洋工程 ocean engineering 海洋工程地質 marine

10、 engineering geology海洋工程環(huán)境 marine engineering environment大陸架公約 convention on the continental shelf地理不利國 geographically disadvantaged state防傾倒公約 prevent dumping convention倫敦傾廢公約 London dumping convention 公海 high seas公海公約 convention on the high seas 海洋政策 marine polity國際海洋法 international law of the sea

11、 海圖 sea chart海洋功能區(qū)劃 division of marine functional zonation海洋法 law of the sea 海洋權 right of the sea 海域劃界 delimitation of boundaries on the sea海洋法公約 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea領海 territorial sea 領水 territorial water領?；c territorial sea base point 領?；€ baseline of territorial sea領海寬度 breadth of

12、the territorial sea領海內(nèi)的司法管轄權 judicial jurisdiction over territorial sea領海通過批準制度 ratify regime on territorial sea through領海外部界限 outer limit of the territorial sea 內(nèi)水 internal waters領海主權 sovereignty of the territorial sea 毗連區(qū) contiguous zone群島海道通過 archipelagic sea lanes passage群島基線 archipelagic baseli

13、ne 群島水域archipelagic water群島制度institution of archipelago 群島原則 regime of archipelago定?；€ normal baseline 直線基縫straight baseline專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū) exclusive economic zone 專屬漁區(qū) exclusive fishing zone管理management 海岸帶管理 coastal zone management海藉sea area use register 海藉管理 management of sea area use register 海上傾倒 dumping

14、 at sea 島嶼管理 management of sea islands海洋管理 marine management海洋行業(yè)管理 management by marine trades海洋環(huán)境管理 marine environmental management海洋權益管理 marine right and interests management海洋資源管理 marine resources management海域使用法律制度 legal regime for the sea area use海域使用管理 management of the sea area use海域使用論證 feas

15、ibility assessment of the sea area use海洋環(huán)境 marine environment海洋環(huán)境保護 marine environmental protection海洋環(huán)境評價 marine environmental assessment海洋環(huán)境污染損害 marine environmental pollution damage海洋環(huán)境影響評價 marine environmental impact assessment 海洋環(huán)境質量 marine environmental quality海洋環(huán)境質量評價 marine environmental qual

16、ity assessment海洋環(huán)境自然保護區(qū) marine environmental nature reserve; marine protected area海洋污染控制 marine pollution control 海洋污染物 marine pollutant海洋污染物背景值 marine pollutant background潮流預報 tidal current forecast 海冰預報 sea ice forecast風暴潮預警報 storm surge forecasting and warning海浪預報 ocean wave forecast 海嘯警報 tsunami

17、 forecast海洋環(huán)境警報 marine environmental alarm海洋環(huán)境預報 marine environmental forecasting； marine environmental prediction海洋數(shù)值預報 numerical forecast of marine海洋災害評估 disaster assessment of marine海洋地質勘探 geologic prospecting 大面觀測 sea area observation海洋調查 oceanographic survey; oceanographic investigation海洋環(huán)境監(jiān)測 m

18、arine environment monitoring海洋環(huán)境監(jiān)視 marine monitoring 定點觀測 fixed point observation標準斷面調查 standard selection investigation定時觀測 timed observation 斷面觀測 sectional observation 輔助觀測 opportune observation海洋常規(guī)監(jiān)測 continuous observation海洋連續(xù)觀測 continuous observation海洋遙感觀測 marine remote sensing observation海洋走航觀測

19、 ocean cruising observation海洋反演數(shù)據(jù) oceanographic inversion data海洋歷史數(shù)據(jù)（信息、資料） oceanographic history data (information、material)海洋實測數(shù)據(jù) oceanography observed data海洋實時數(shù)據(jù) oceanography timely data標準體系 standards system 海洋標準 marine standard海洋標準化 oceanography standardization ; marine standardization技術法規(guī) techn

20、ical regulation 海洋計量 oceanographic metrology國家法定計量單位 national legal unit of measurement海洋計量器具的檢定 verificationof a oceanographic measuring instrument海洋特殊量 marine quantity 海洋要素 marine elements海洋特殊量值 marine valueof a marine quantity參比性能特性 reference performance characteristic附加誤差 additive error 海洋測量儀器 o

21、ceanographic instrument海洋測量儀器的計量性能 metrological characteristic of a oceanographic instrument海洋測量儀器的準確度 accuracy of a oceanographic instrument海洋測量儀器響應時間response time of a oceanographic instrument海洋測量儀器響應特性 response characteristic of a oceanographic instrument海洋測量儀器影響量 influence quantities of a oceano

22、graphic instrument海洋測量儀器準確度等級 accuracy class of a oceanographic instrument海洋儀器設備 oceanographic instruments and equipments海洋儀器設備安全性 safety of a oceanographic instrument海洋儀器設備參考條件 reference conditions of a oceanographic instrument；reference conditions of a marine instrument海洋儀器設備額定操作條件 rated operating

23、 conditions of a oceanographic instrument；rated operating conditions of a marine instrument；海洋儀器設備極限條件limiting conditions of a oceanographic instrument；limiting conditions of a marine instrument；海洋儀器設備互換性 interchangeability of a oceanographic instrument；interchangeability of a marine instrument；海洋儀器

24、設備環(huán)境適應性 environment applicability of a oceanographic instrument；environment applicability of a marine instrument；海洋儀器設備可靠度 reliability of a oceanographic instrument； reliability of a marine instrument；海洋儀器設備可靠性 reliability of a oceanographic instrument； reliability performanceof a marine instrument；

25、海洋儀器設備可信性 creditability of a oceanographic instrument；creditability of a marine instrument；海洋儀器設備配套性 suitability of a oceanographic instrument suitability of a marine equipment海洋儀器設備通用要求general specificationsof a marine equipmentgeneral specifications of a oceanographic instrument 海洋儀器設備相容性 compatib

26、ility of a marine equipment compatibility of a oceanographic instrument 海洋儀器設備 性能特性 performance characteristic of a oceanographic instrument performance characteristic of a marine equipment基本誤差 intrinsic error有證參考物質 certified reference material ,CRM（縮寫）海水 sea water 海面水溫 sea surface temperature(SST)現(xiàn)

27、場溫度 in situ temperature 等溫線 isotherm溫度深度圖 bathythermogram 暖水舌warm water tongue冷水舌cold water tongue 暖水圈 warm water sphere冷水圈 cold water sphere 鹽度 salinity1978實用鹽標 Practical Salinity Scale 1978(PSS 78)絕對鹽度 absolute salinity 實用鹽度 practical salinity等鹽線 isohaline 鹽舌 salinity tongue鹽指 salt finger鹽【水】楔salt

28、 water wedge溫鹽圖解T-S diagram溫鹽指標 T.S.index熱鹽結構 thermohaline structure海水密度 sea water density現(xiàn)場密度 in situ density 密度超量 density excess海水比容specific volume of sea water 現(xiàn)場比容 in situ specific volume比容偏差 specific volume anomaly 熱比容偏差 thermosteric anomaly鉛直穩(wěn)定度 vertical stability 對流混合 convective mixing渦動混合 tu

29、rbulent mixing 潮混合 tidal mixing 【混合】增密 cabbeling,caballing 溫躍層 thermocline主【溫】躍層 main thermocline 季節(jié)性【溫】躍層 seasonal thermocline鹽躍層halocline密度躍層 pycnocline內(nèi)波 internal wave擬置層 inversion layer均勻層 homogeneous layer 混合層 mixed layer ，mixing layer大洋對流層 oceanic troposphere 層化海洋 stratified ocean 冷渦 cold eddy

30、暖渦 warm eddy水型 water type 水團 water mass水系 water system表層水 surface water次表層水 subsurface water 中層水 intermediate water深層水 deep water底層水 bottom water沿岸水 coastal water中央水 central water南極繞極水團 Antarctica Circumpolar Water Mass北極水 Arctic water ; North Polar Water副熱帶模態(tài)水 subtropical mode water黃海冷水團 Huanghai（Y

31、ellow Wea）Cold Water Mass長江沖淡水 Changjiang Diluted Water ; Changjiang River Plume赤道輻合帶 Equatorial Convergence Zone海洋鋒 oceanic front 細結構 finestructure 微結構 microstructure海面斑帶 slick 海洋湍流 oceanic turbulence雙擴散 double diffusion 海水狀態(tài)方程 sea water state equation海色sea colour水色 water colour海水透明度 sea water tran

32、sparency海流 ocean current總環(huán)流 general circulation大洋環(huán)流 ocean circulation熱鹽環(huán)流 thermohaline circulation熱鹽對流 thermohaline convection深淵環(huán)流 abyssal circulation赤道流 equatorial current漂流 drift current 西風漂流 west wind drift南極繞極流 Antarctic Circumpolar Current西邊界流 western boundary current 風海流 wind-driven current地轉流

33、 geostrophic current密度流 density current坡度流 slope current信風海流 trade wind current季風海流 monsoon current補償流 compensation current逆流 counter current 赤道逆流Equatorial Counter current 赤道潛流Equatorial Under current太平洋赤道潛流Pacific Equatorial Under current大西洋赤道潛流Atlantic Equatorial Under current印度洋赤道潛流Indian Equato

34、rial Under current上升流：upwelling下降流：downwelling沿岸流：coastal current渤海沿岸流：Bohai Coastal Current黃海沿岸流：Huanghai（Yellow Sea）Coastal Current東海沿岸流Donghai （East China Sea）Coastal Current南海沿岸流：Nanhai （South China Sea）Coastal Current順岸流longshore current表層流surface current次表層流subsurface current深層流deep current底層流

35、bottom current暖流：warm current黃海暖流：Huanghai （Yellow Sea）Warm current臺灣暖流：Taiwan Warm current 黑潮：Kuroshio南海暖流：Nanhai （South China Sea）Warm current對馬海流：Tsushima Current灣流：Gulf Stream寒流： cold current親潮：oyashio余流: residual current流渦：gyre流環(huán) ring體積運輸 volume transport動力方法：dynamic method無運動面：level of no moti

36、on位勢高度：potential height風因子 wind factor?？寺?Ekman drift current?？寺疃?Ekman depth?？寺鼘?Ekman layer?？寺菪?Ekman spiral?？寺斶\ Ekman transport?？寺槲?Ekman pumping底摩擦層 bottom friction layer斜壓海洋 baroclinic ocean正壓海洋 barotropic ocean中尺度渦 mesoscale eddy卷吸 entrainment波流 wave-induced current（wave current）裂流 rip c

37、urrent海浪 ocean wave風區(qū) fetch風時 wind duration最小風區(qū) minimum fetch最小風時 minimum duration等效風區(qū) equivalent fetch 等效風時 equivalent duration波高 wave height 有效波 significant wave 波周期 wave period 波陡 wave steepness波齡 wave age 波候 wave climate 毛細波 capillary wave 重力波 gravitational wave孤立波 solitary wave 邊沿波 edge wave 陸架

38、波 shelf wave 潛水波 shallow water wave 深水波 deep water wave 淺水系數(shù) shoaling factor 短峰波 shortcrested wave 長峰波 long-crested wave規(guī)則波 regular wave 不規(guī)則波 irregular wave 波浪爬高 swash height 船行波 ship wave 余擺線波 trochoidal wave 橢圓余弦波 cnoidal wave橢圓余擺線波 elliptic trochoidal wave 斯托克斯波 stokes wave俘獲波 trapped wave 碎波 bre

39、aker , surf崩碎波（崩頂碎波）spilling breaker 激碎波（激散碎波）surging breaker卷碎波（卷躍碎波） plunging breaker 碎波帶 surf zone風浪 wind wave 白冠 whitecap波群 wave group 充分成長的風浪 fully developed sea波級 wave scale 波峰線 wave crest line海浪譜 ocean wave spectrum 方向波譜 directional wave spectrum海浪反射 ocean wave reflection 海浪折射 ocean wave refr

40、action海浪繞射 ocean wave diffraction 涌浪 swell先行涌 forerunner 潮汐 tide 潮位 tide level 高潮 high water (HW) 低潮 low water (LW)潮差 tidal range 漲潮 flood 落潮 ebb大潮 spring tides 小潮 neap tides 雙高潮 double flood雙低潮 double ebb 平潮 still tide 停朝 water stand潮升 tidal rise 引潮力 tide-generating force引潮勢 tidal potential 天文潮：ast

41、ronomical tide假想天體：fictitious body 平衡潮：equilibrium tide分潮：tidal component tidal constituent 半日潮：semi-diurnal tide全日潮：diurnal tide 太陰潮：lunar tide 太陽潮：solar tide回歸潮：tropic tide 分點潮：equinoctial tide 潮齡：tide age分潮日：constituent day 分潮時：constituent hour太陰潮間隙：lunar tide interval 倍潮：overtide復合潮：compound tid

42、e 輻射潮：radiational tide混合潮：mixed tide 日不等【現(xiàn)象】：diurnal inequality潮流 tidal current 旋轉流 rotary current往復流 alternating current 轉流 turn of tidal current潮余流 tide-induced residual current 潮流橢圓 current ellipse潮波 tidal wave 旋轉潮波系統(tǒng) amphidromic system,amphidrome無潮點amphidromic point 內(nèi)潮 internal tide 假潮 seiche 涌潮

43、 tidal bore 錢塘江涌潮 qiantang reiver tidal bore同潮圖 cotidal chart 潮能 tidal energy氣象潮 meteorological tide 風暴潮 storm surge海嘯 tsunami 異常水位 anomalous sea level平均海面 mean sea level 海面 sea level海圖基準面 datum of chart 潮汐基準面 tidal datum半潮面 half-tide level 潮汐調和分析 harmonic analysis of tide潮汐調和常數(shù) harmonic constants o

44、f tide潮汐非調和常數(shù) nonharmonic constant of tide 潮汐表 tide tables最高天文潮位 highest astronomical tide(HAT)最低天文潮位 lowest astronomical tide(LAT) 海冰 sea ice陸源冰 ice of land origin 固定冰 fast ice 流冰 pack ice浮冰 floating ice 浮冰群 floating ice massif 岸冰 shore ice冰腳 ice foot 底座冰 ground ice 錨冰 anchor ice初生冰 new ice 冰殼 ice

45、rind 蓮葉冰 pancake ice尼羅冰 nilas ice 初期冰 young ice 一年冰 first-year ice老年冰 old ice 冰期 ice cover 海冰密集度 ice concentration冰緣線 ice edge 裸冰 bare ice 雪蓋冰 snow covered ice平整冰 level ice 變形冰 deformed ice 重疊冰 rafted ice堆積冰 hummocked ice 冰丘 hummock 冰脊 ridge冰原 ice field 碎冰 brash ice 冰間水道 lead，lane冰間湖 polynya 冰架 ice shelf 冰山 iceberg冰島