1、定語從句therelativeclause,定語,1.放在名詞前,2.由單個的代詞/數(shù)詞/形容詞/名詞/-ing/-ed來充當(dāng),1.放在名詞或代詞后,2.由介詞結(jié)構(gòu)形容詞-ing結(jié)構(gòu)-ed結(jié)構(gòu)todo結(jié)構(gòu)句子來充當(dāng),前置定語,后置定語,定語,1.用來修飾某個名詞或代詞的成分,2.可以放在名詞之前；也可以放在名詞或代詞之后,3.在翻譯時通常帶有一個“的”,定語從句,1.當(dāng)定語成分由一個句子來充當(dāng)時，這個句子就叫定語從句，即用一個句子去修飾另一個句子中的某個名詞或代詞,2.通常緊跟在所修飾的名詞或代詞后,ThisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyJ.K.Rowling,3.定語從句的

2、必備兩要素,ThisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyJ.K.Rowling,先行詞（名詞或代詞）,關(guān)系詞詞/引導(dǎo)詞（that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why）,ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。,先行詞+定語從句（名詞/代詞）+（關(guān)系詞其他成分）,關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,起著連接主從句，指代先行詞和在從句中作句子成分的三重作用。,Youaretherightmanwhomwearelook

3、ingfor.Ivespentallthemoneywhichwasgivenbymyparents.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty.Thisisthefactorywherethemachinesaremade.,找出定語從句；找出定語從句兩要素,現(xiàn)在你認(rèn)識定語從句了嗎？,定語從句中的關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞：1.關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。2.關(guān)系副詞，在賓語從句中作狀語。,人,主賓,人,賓,人事物,主賓表,事物,主賓,人的事物的,時間狀語,地點狀語,原因狀語,時間,地點,原因,定(后通常加名詞或代詞),關(guān)系代詞:,1.who指人,作

4、主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.,3.which指物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省),Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.Is

5、thisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,that指人/物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）,Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that/who/whom)Itoldyouabout.Heisthemanabout_Itoldyou.注意：介詞提前時只能用which而不能用that。Isthisthelibraryfromwhich

6、youborrowbooks?,whom,whose在定語從句中作定語，表示引導(dǎo)詞與whose后的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。whose既可以指人，也可指物。Whose用來代替his，her，their，its.Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.DoyouknowthegirlwhosefatherdiedinIraq.,那么怎樣把兩個簡單句組合成含有定語從句的復(fù)合句？,TheboyisTom.找出兩句中相同部分，確定主句、先行詞TheboyisTom.重復(fù)部分用關(guān)系詞替換。先行詞是boy，因此用關(guān)系代詞who

7、/that代替。TheboywhoissmilingisTom.,Theboyissmiling.,Practice,TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.TheboywhositsinfrontofmeisTom.,Practice,Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(who/whom/that)everyonelikesiskind.Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.Th

8、ewoman(who/whom/that)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.,關(guān)系詞選擇方法：還原法,把先行詞還原到定語從句中去,看看是放在主語，賓語，表語還是狀語的位置上，最終來確定引導(dǎo)詞,例一：Thestudents_dontstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.,_dontstudyhard.,Thestudents,主語，而且指人,who/that,例二：Thewoman_yousawintheparkisourChineseteacher.,yousaw_inthepark.,thewoman,賓語，而且指人,(whom/who/that),注意：

9、如果先行詞還原到定語從句中，充當(dāng)?shù)氖琴e語,那么可以把引導(dǎo)詞省略,Practice,3.Doyouknowtheboy_legwasbrokenwhenhefelloutofatree?4.Thisistheboy_sisterisafamoussinger.5.Theletter_Ireceivedyesterdayisfrommybrother.6.Thefilm_wesawlastnightwaswonderful.7.Theman_washereaminuteagoismyuncle.,whose,whose,(which/that),(which/that),who/that,8.Th

10、etrain_wasgoingtoGuangdongwaslate.9.Thebook_heisreadingisveryinteresting.10.Theyllneverforgetthedays_theyspentinthecountryside.11.Theyllneverforgetthedays_theystudiedtogether.,which/that,(which/that),(which/that),when,關(guān)系代詞的特殊情況,Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.,Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmi

11、ne.,Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.,Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.,(1)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代詞時。,(2)先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修飾時,(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。,(4)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時。,（一）只能用that不能用which的情況,(5)先行詞指人又指事物,Theytalkedaboutt

12、hepeopleandthings(that)theymetatcollege.,（二）只能用which不能用that的情況,(1)非限定性定語從句，即有逗號隔開的定語從句,ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichwas200kmaway.,(2)以介詞開頭的定語從句,即介詞前置的定語從句,Thisistheroom_ChairmanMaooncelivedin.Thisistheroomin_ChairmanMaooncelived.,(which/that),which,(3)代表前面整句話,Hepassedtheexam,whichsurprisedeveryoneinourcl

13、ass.,（三）定語從句中只用who,不用that的情況1.先行詞是one,ones或anyone時;先行詞為those或被those修飾，指人時1).Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.2).Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.3).SheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentotheUSA.4).Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.2.在以therebe的句子中，先行詞為人時Thereis

14、amanoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.,3.當(dāng)定語從句中又有定語從句,且先行項都為人時Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshard.4.當(dāng)指人的先行項被一些指物的名詞修飾時TheresonlyonestudentintheschoolwhoIwanttosee.Doyouknowthewomaninbluewithababyonherbackwhoisworkinginthefields?5.在非限制性定語從句中指人Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromAm

15、erica.6.定語從句中有插入語時,且先行項為人時JacksonisamanwhoIbelieveishonest,(四）學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句,關(guān)系代詞whose表示“的”，是關(guān)系代詞who、which的所有格，因此既可指人，也可指物。在從句中，whose作定語修飾名詞，被修飾詞可以是從句的主語、賓語或介詞賓語。HeistheboywhosepenIborrowedyesterday.Theycleanedthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.Thegentleman,withwhosedaughterIworked,lookeddownuponwome

16、n.,whose+名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句等于the+名詞+ofwhich/whom或者ofwhich/whom+the+名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句HeistheboywhosepenIborrowedyesterday.改成：HeistheboythepenofwhomIborrowedyesterday.HeistheboyofwhomthepenIborrowedyesterday.Theycleanedthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.改成：Theycleanedthehousethewindowsofwhichfacesouth.Theycleanedthehouseofwh

17、ichthewindowsfacesouth.,when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句,初步感知,1.ThemineswhereIworkedwere9kmfrommyhome.,2.ThereasonwhyIgotajobwasbecauseofmyhardwork.,3.ThetimewhenIjoinedtheANCwasthe5thofAugust.,4.Thegovernmentbuildingwherewevotedwasverytall.,5.ThedatewhenIarrivedwaslateatnight.,1.Themines_Iworkedwere9kmfrommyh

18、ome.2.Thereason_Igotajobwasbecauseofmyhardwork.3.Thetime_IjoinedtheANCwasthe5thofAugust.4.Thegovernmentbuilding_wevotedwasverytall.5.Thedate_Iarrivedwaslateatnight,如何來確定引導(dǎo)詞?,如何來確定引導(dǎo)詞?,方法一：根據(jù)先行詞,方法二：還原法(把先行詞還原到定語從句中去),例一：Themines_Iworkedwere9kmfrommyhome.,Iworked_.,inthemines,地點狀語,where/inwhich,例二：Th

19、ereason_Igotajobwasbecauseofmyhardwork.,Igotajob_.,forthereason,原因狀語,why/forwhich,例三：ThetimeIjoinedtheANCwasthe5thofAugust.,IjoinedtheANC_.,atthetime,時間狀語,when/atwhich,例四：Thegovernmentbuildingwevotedwasverytall.,Wevoted_.,inthebuilding,地點狀語,where/inwhich,例五：ThedateIarrivedwaslateatnight.,Iarrived_.,

20、onthedate,時間狀語,when/onwhich,Thetime_IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.Theschool_Istudiedforonlytwoyearswas3kmaway.Theday_NelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.Thepartsoftown_theyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.Theplaces_theyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.,Prac

21、tice,when/atwhich,where/inwhich,when/onwhich,where/inwhich,where/inwhich,1.AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when2.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear,_forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when,D,B,Illneverforg

22、ettheday_weworkedtogether.,when/onwhich,Illneverforgettheday_wespenthappilytogether.,which/that,比較,Weworkedtogetherontheday.,Wespentthedayhappilytogether.,Iwillalwaysrememberthehours_welivedtogether.Iwillalwaysrememberthehours_wespenttogether.,2.Canyoustillthinkofthevillage_heonceworked?Canyoustillt

23、hinkofthevillage_heoncevisited?,when/inwhich,(which/that),where/inwhich,(which/that),總結(jié),1.引導(dǎo)詞的確定必須用還原法2.先行詞還原后如果在它前面要加上一個介詞，那么說明它在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語，通常用“when/where/why”來引導(dǎo)3.“when/where/why”通?？梢蕴鎿Q成“介詞which”(僅限于定語從句中)4.如果先行詞是表示“時間/地點/原因”的詞,引導(dǎo)詞并不一定是“when/where/why”，也有可能是“which/that”，如果定語從句的謂語動詞,是及物動詞，且沒有帶賓語，說明句

24、子成分不完整，這時只能選用關(guān)系代詞；如果定語從句中的謂語動詞是不及物動詞，說明句子完整，這時選用關(guān)系副詞,介詞加關(guān)系代詞(which/whom)引導(dǎo)的定語從句,1.MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.2.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.3.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.4.Itwasaprisonfromwhichnooneescaped.5.Heisamanofgreatexperience,

25、fromwhommuchcanbelearned.6.Chapin,forwhommoneywasnownoproblem,startanewfilmcompanywithhisfriends.7.Antarctica,aboutwhichweknowverylittle,iscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.,介詞前置的定語從句,1.考點一：引導(dǎo)詞which,whom2.考點二：介詞的確定,方法：還原法先行詞還原到定語從句中去,看看它與定語從句之間需要哪個介詞來連接,例一：Mandelawastheblacklawyer_whomIwentforadvic

26、e.,_whomIwentforadvice.,Iwent_Mandelaforadvice.,to,to,例二：Itwasaprison_whichnooneescaped.,_whichnooneescaped.,Nooneescaped_theprison.,from,from,Canyouworkthemout?,1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_whichwecantlive.2.Thestudent_whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.Illneverforgettheday_whichs

27、hesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason_whichhehasntturnedupyet?,for,about,on,without,Lookout!Dontgettooclosetothehouse_roofisunderrepair.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich,the,綜合練習(xí),1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July

28、1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget.,_,(去掉),which,_,to,theone,5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.Imgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.ThosethathaventbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Idontlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.,in,when,_,who,_,(that/which),9.ThisisthelasttimewhenIvegivenyoulessons.10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.,_,that,_,that,_,why,it,_,13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedown