1、.,英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法,2020/6/17,.,英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法主要有三種：轉(zhuǎn)化、合成與派生。,英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法種類(lèi),另外還有截短、縮合等。,2020/6/17,.,1.轉(zhuǎn)化:是指有一種詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類(lèi)。,watern.水-watervt.澆水,常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)化形式兩種：動(dòng)詞-名詞名詞-動(dòng)詞,2020/6/17,.,動(dòng)詞-名詞stopvt.停止-n.車(chē)站lovevt.愛(ài)-n.愛(ài)watchvt.觀(guān)看-n.手表recordvt.錄音-n.紀(jì)錄,2020/6/17,.,名詞-動(dòng)詞handn.手-vt.上交seatn.座位-vt.坐nursen.護(hù)士-vt.護(hù)理timen.時(shí)間-vt.定時(shí)，測(cè)時(shí),2020/6/17,.,s

2、hipn.船-vt.用船裝運(yùn)headn.頭-v.前進(jìn)transportn.運(yùn)輸-vt.運(yùn)輸,2020/6/17,.,副詞-動(dòng)詞downadv.向下-v.放下副詞-名詞nowhereadv.任何地方都不-n.無(wú)處，無(wú)名的地方,2020/6/17,.,形容詞-名詞freezingadj.冰凍的-n.冰點(diǎn)solidadj.固體的,堅(jiān)實(shí)的-n.固體,數(shù)詞-動(dòng)詞secondnum.第二-v.贊成-n.秒,2020/6/17,.,2.合成:有兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞。class班級(jí)+room房間=classroom教室,warm+heart+ed=warmhearted熱心腸的good+looking=g

3、ood-looking相貌好看的,2020/6/17,.,hard+working=hard-working勤勞的peace-lovingstate-ownedwell-knownready-madesightseeing,2020/6/17,.,3.派生:是通過(guò)在詞根上加前綴或者后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞。,happy-unhappydevelop-development,2020/6/17,.,前綴一般只引起意思上的變化而不造成詞類(lèi)的變化，只有少數(shù)能引起詞類(lèi)的變化。,mis-錯(cuò)誤的+understandv.理解-misunderstandv.誤解,en+largeadj.大的-enlargev.擴(kuò)大

4、,2020/6/17,.,后綴一般只引起詞性上的變化而不造成意思的變化。,carev.照料-carefuladj.細(xì)心的workv.工作-workern.工人,2020/6/17,.,常見(jiàn)的前綴,2020/6/17,.,(A)表示否定的前綴：un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker(常用在n.adj.adv.前)in-inactive,indirect(常用在adj.后)dis-disagree,disappearim-impolite,impossible(用在b,p,m開(kāi)頭的詞前)il-illegalir-irreal,irregular,2020/6/17,.,(B)

5、.表示錯(cuò)誤或失當(dāng)?shù)那熬Y:mis-misjudge,misdirect(誤導(dǎo))(C).表示向背的前綴:pro-(親，支持)pro-Chinese,pro-Americananti-（阻止，抗）antiwar,anti-Japanesewar,2020/6/17,.,(D).表示程度、大小的前綴super-superstar,supermarket,superman,superpowerover-overhead,overeat,overusemini-minibus,miniskirtunder-underground,under-developsemi-(半，部分)semicircle,202

6、0/6/17,.,(E).表示時(shí)間的前綴pre-prewarpost-postwarfore-(前，預(yù)先)foretell,forecast,foresee,weatherforecast,2020/6/17,.,(F).表示方位的前綴：sub-subway,submarineinter-international,trans-(橫過(guò)，通過(guò)，超越，進(jìn)入)translate,2020/6/17,.,常見(jiàn)的后綴,2020/6/17,.,1.動(dòng)詞變名詞：-ationsatisfaction,education,realization-mentdevelopment,movement,disappoi

7、ntment,2020/6/17,.,-alarrival,refusal-eetrainee,employee-erteacher,worker-orvisitor,sailor,2020/6/17,.,2.形容詞變名詞-nesshappiness,carelessness-ityability,possibility-ismMarxism,criticism,2020/6/17,.,3.名詞變形容詞：-ywindy,rainy-ishfoolish,childish-somehandsome,troublesome-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful,care

8、ful,peaceful,2020/6/17,.,3.名詞、形容詞變動(dòng)詞：-ifybeautify,simplify-izerealize-enquicken,widen,2020/6/17,.,但也有一些帶后綴的派生詞僅僅改變?cè)~義：kingdom:“職位、狀態(tài)”freedomboyhood:“身份，資格”childhoodfriendship:情態(tài)狀態(tài)性質(zhì)身份職業(yè)技巧技能”leadership,hardshipspoonful：構(gòu)成名詞mouthful(滿(mǎn)口,一口),handful(一把),2020/6/17,.,4.截短:是指用截頭取尾的方法構(gòu)成新詞。telephone-phoneinfluenza-flu.流行性感冒,2020/6/17,.,5.縮合:是指把兩個(gè)