1、英語連詞復習一、連詞的定義用來連接詞、短語、從句與句子的詞叫連詞(Conjunction)。二、連詞的種類根據(jù)在句子中所起的作用，連詞可分為并列連詞(Coordinative Conjunction)和從屬連詞(Subordinate Conjunction)兩類。（一）并列連詞連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或句子的連詞叫并列連詞。根據(jù)其意義，并列連詞又可分為表示聯(lián)合、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇和因果等四種關(guān)系的連詞。1. 表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的并列連詞表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的并列連詞有：and（和），both and（既又），neithernor（既不也不），not onlybut also，（不但而且），as well as

2、（除 外也）例如：I am a teacher and he is a doctor我是老師，他是醫(yī)生。He has experience as well as knowledge.（= He has knowledge but also experience.）他既有知識，又有經(jīng)驗。Neither I nor he has seen the film我沒看過那部電影，他也沒看過。2. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞有：but（可是，但是），while （ 而 ；然而 ），still（但是，然而），yet（可是），however（然而，但是），whereas（而）,neverth

3、eless（然而，不過）。例如：I am willing，yet unable我心有余而力不足。He is short，while his brother is tall他個子矮而他兄弟個子高。He worked hard， however， he failed.他很努力，然而還是失敗了。（however可置于句首、句中或句末）The pain was bad，still he did not complain. 痛得厲害，可是他并不呻吟。3. 表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞有: or（或）， or else（否則）， otherwise（要不然），eitheror（或或，不是就

4、是），rather than（而不，也不）。例如：John or I am to blame。不是約翰，就是我該受責備。Seize the chance， otherwise（or else） youll regret it抓住機會，否則你會后悔的。（otherwise，or else常接在祈使句后面）You can either stay at home or go fishing. 你可以呆在家里，或是去釣魚。He went rather than stay as an unwelcome guest他走了，不愿呆著做個不受歡迎的客人。4. 表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有：

5、so（所以），for（因為）。例如：It is morning，for the birds are singing是早晨了，因為鳥叫了。It was late，so I went home，天已晚了，因此我就回家了。注：then（那么因而），thus（因而），hence（因此），therefore（因此，所以）等副詞常可放句首表示因果關(guān)系。如：He was busy，therefore he could not come.他忙，所以不能來。He studied hard, thus he got a full mark.他很用功，因而得了滿分。His car broke down，thus h

6、e was late for work他的車壞了，因此他上班遲到。It is winter now, hence the days will be shorter.現(xiàn)在是冬天，因此白天會短些。鞏固練習一、用所給的并列連詞填空，每個連詞只能使用一次：Either, or but and for neither, nor or yet so1. British English American English are more or less the same.2. It rained hard, she came on time.3. You can choose this one that o

7、ne, but not both.4. My glasses had been broken, I could not see it clearly.5. There are many trees in the village, the villagers still plant some more every year.6. The cars produced by this factory will be supplied to people all over the world sooner later.7. We should build a house on sand along t

8、he lines where two of the earths plates join together.8. Its faster to buy airplane tickets, the CAAC has bought a new computer.（二）從屬連詞用來連接主句和從句的連詞叫從屬連詞。從屬連詞可分為兩類：引導名同性從句的從屬連詞和引導狀語從句的從屬連詞。1.引導名詞性從句的從屬連詞引導名詞性從句的從屬連詞有連接詞that，whether和if，這些連接詞在句子中不充當任何句子成分；連接代詞主要有who , whose，which，what等，它們在句中可作主語、賓語、定語等

9、；連接副詞主要有when，where, how why等，它們在句子中可作狀語（祥見名詞性從句）。如：We know (that) the earth goes round the sun. 我們知道地球圍繞太陽運轉(zhuǎn)。（賓語從句）What we need is more time. 我們需要的是更多的時間。（主語從句）Thats what I want. 那就是我想要的。（表語從句）The news that our team had won was very exciting. 我們隊贏了，這消息令人十分振奮。（同位語從句）2.引導狀語從句的從屬連詞a.引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞when（當

10、時），while（在期間），as（當時，一邊一邊），after（在之后），before(在之前)，since(自從以來)， tilluntil（直到，直到才），once，（一旦），a。 soon as(一就)， the momentinstant（一就）， no sooner (一 就 )，hardlywhen（剛一 就 ）等。例如：Once you begin, you must go on.你一開了頭，就應當繼續(xù)下去。When it rains, I go to school by bus.下雨時，我坐公共汽車上學。b.引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞as（由于）, because（因為）, s

11、ince（既然）等。He didnt go to school because he was ill. 他因為生病沒去上學。Since everybody is here, lets begin既然大家都在這里，我們開始吧。c.引導地點狀語從句的從屬連詞where（在地方），wherever（無論在哪里）等。Wherever she may be，she will be happy她無論在什么地方都快樂。Where there is a will，there is a way有志者，事竟成。d.引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞if （如果），unless（除非），soas long as（只要）等。

12、例如：He will not come unless he is invited除非被邀請，否則他是不會來的。Youll be late for the class if you dont hurry如果你不快點，你就會上課遲到。e.引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞that（以便）， so that（為了）， in order that（為了）， less（以防，免得），in case（以防，免得）等。例如：She took medicine on time in order that she might get well soon為了快點病好，她按時吃藥。I came here that I mi

13、ght take a good look at the new bridge我來這兒，為的是好好看看新大橋。f.引導結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞so（結(jié)果）， so that（結(jié)果）， so thatsuchthat（如此以致），that（以致）等。例如：It was very cold，so that the water in the bowl froze天氣很冷，碗里的水都結(jié)冰了。He is such a good student that we all like him他是個好學生，我們都喜歡他。g.引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞thoughalthough（雖然），as（雖然），even ife

14、ven though（即使），however（無論怎樣），whatever(無論什么)，whoever(無論誰)，no matter how/what/which/（無論多么什么哪一個）等。例如：Even if you were here yesterday, you couldnt help him. 即使昨天你在這，你也幫不了他。Though he is old，he still works hard雖然他老了，可是他還是努力工作。h.引導方式狀語從句的從屬連詞as（正如），as ifas though（好像，似乎）等。例如：He speaks English as if he were

15、an Englishman、他講起英語來就。像是英國人似的。Use a book as a bee does a flower.像蜜蜂利用花一樣去利用書籍把。i.引導比較狀語從句的從屬連詞as（如），asas（像一樣），not soas、（與不一樣），than（比）等。例如：He works harder than before他比以前更努力工作。His elder sister is as tall as his mother他姐姐和他母親一樣高。三、部分連詞的用法比較（）when和while兩個詞都可以表示“當時”，引導時間狀語從句。when引導時間狀語從句的謂語動詞既可以是延續(xù)性的，也可

16、以是終止性的；while引導時間狀語從句的謂語動詞只能是延續(xù)性的。例如：He was doing his homework when I came in.（當）我進來時，他正在做家庭作業(yè)。 I came in whenwhile he was doing his homework當他在做家庭作業(yè)時，我走了進來。WhileWhen I was in the town，I saw him twice.（當）我在城里時，見過他兩次。Strike while the iron is hot趁熱打鐵。when還可譯作“這時”，while可譯作“而”。He was playing football out

17、side when it began to rain他在外面踢足球，這時開始下起雨來。He is tall while his elder brother is short.他個子高，而他哥哥個子矮。（二）though和 as 兩個詞都可表示“雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句。though引導的從句用正常語序；as引導的從句要用倒裝語序，即把從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形放在as之前。比較下列幾個句子：1. 盡管天氣冷，可他仍繼續(xù)工作。Cold as it was，he went on workingThough it was cold，he went on working.2. 雖然他還是個孩子，可懂

18、很多事情。Child as he is，he knows a lotThough he is a child，he knows a lot3. 盡管你讀得快，你也不能在三天內(nèi)讀完這本書。Fast as you read，you cant finish the book in three days.Though you read fast，you cant finish the book in three days4. 不管怎樣努力，他還是擺脫不了困難。Try as he might，he couldnt get rid of the diff1cultyThough he might try，

19、he couldnt get rid of the difficulty。（三）because，as，since和for 四個詞都可以表示“因為”的意思。for是并列連詞，語氣最弱，對前面分句加以解釋或表示推斷的原因。引導的分句一般置于句末，從句前要用逗號。because表示產(chǎn)生某結(jié)果的必有原因，語氣最強，引導的從句可以置于句首或句末，放在句前時通常用逗號。as表示原因時，語氣不如because那么強，可譯為“因為，由于”，引導的從句常置于句首。since可譯為“既然”，往往表示一些顯而易見的原因，語氣不如because強，引導的從句常置于句首。例如：It must have rained l

20、ast night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下了雨，地面是濕的。As she was in a bad mood，we left her alone由于她心情不好，我們不去打擾她了。He is absent from school because he is ill因為生病，他沒來上課。Because/As it was wet, we went there by bus. 因為下雨，我們乘車去那兒。Since everybody is here，lets begin既然大家都到了，我們開始吧。Since a lot of people make mistakes

21、 in life，Mr. Smith wanted to give John a chance. 既然很多人在生活中都會犯錯誤，史密斯先生想給約翰一個（改過的）機會。（四）if和whether1. 表示“是否”時兩個詞都能引導賓語從句I wonder ifwhether you can examine him now不知你現(xiàn)在是否可以給他檢查一下。注1：如果主句的謂語是短語動詞，用whether，而不用if.Everything depends on whether we have enough money一切都取決于我們是否有足夠的錢。注2：某些動詞（如discuss）后的賓語從句，用whe

22、ther，而不用if.They discussed whether they should help her.他們商議他們該不該幫助她。注3：賓語從句移置于句首時，用whether，不用ifWhether it is true or not，I cant say這是不是真的，我不敢說。注 4：賓語從句為否定形式時，通常用 if，而不用 whether。I asked her if he wouldnt come我問她他是不是會來。2. if可譯為“如果”引導條件狀語從句If I were you，I would not go如果我是你，我就不去。3. whether可譯為“不管，無論”，引導讓

23、步狀語從句。Whether he agrees or not，I shall do that不管他同意與否我都要做這事。4. whether可以引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，接不定式，或接or not等（if則不能）Whether he will come or not is unknown. 他來不來還不知道。（主語從句）The question is whether it is worth doing問題是這事是否值得做。（表語從句）I have no idea whether he is there. 我不知道他是否在那。（同位語從句）I dont know whether he

24、will do it or not我不知道他是否會做這事。（接 or not）She hasnt decided whether to go or not她還沒有決定去還是不去。（接不定式）鞏固練習二、用所給的從屬連詞填空，每個連詞只能使用一次：by the time every time where since while when 1. BBC English broadcasts programs for China 4 it has explanations in Chinese.2.The country singers sang they were playing the guit

25、ar.3. Quite a few American presidents have been shot the USA was founded.4. she got up, a morning newspaper had been delivered to her house.5. I see a film acted by Charlie Chaplain, I cant help laughing.6. Put the coins they were just a moment ago.三、用所給的從屬連詞填空，每個連詞只能使用一次：whether since though no mat

26、ter what unlessl. Well hold the sports meet next Friday it rains.2. He will not give up happens.3. He will go to study abroad his parents agree or not.4. youve changed the suit of wrong size, I neednt return the money to you.5. He came back on time the bridge was washed away by the floods.四、用所給的從屬連詞

27、填空，每個連詞只能使用一次：as if in order that so, that so that thatwhether as so, as as as than 1. A hurricane which happens during the day time has more deaths one which happens at night.2. She threw the leg of pork to the lion far she could.3. It is not safe to remain in the house to go into a field.4. People

28、 are told not to eat so many hamburgers westerners do.5. Many people in the street watched the fire they were watching an exciting play.6. The boy jumped onto a big table he could see everything clearly.7. The necklace cost Pierre and Mathilde much money they had to work hard for ten years to pay ba

29、ck the money.8. The doctor asked Mr. King to remove his trousers he could examine his legs.9. It is known the Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.10. Marx was not too sure the English grammar and some idioms were used correctly in his articles.五、選擇正確的連詞填空，每個連詞只能使用一次：than, that, if,