1、,初中閱讀理解 細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧,授課老師：黃文婷,什么是細(xì)節(jié)題？,1,細(xì)節(jié)題的分類？,2,如何解答細(xì)節(jié)題？,3,內(nèi)容大綱,2012年1月21日 星期四 天氣：晴 盼望著，盼望著。春節(jié)的腳步近了，我的心兒沸騰了。 除夕前一天，我和爸爸去集市上制辦年貨。集上可熱鬧了，空氣中充斥著叫賣聲，講價聲和歡笑聲。到處人來人往，擠來擠去。我和爸爸在喧騰的人群中穿行。年集上的貨物樣樣俱全，豬肉、羊肉、春聯(lián)、日歷、水果、雞、魚無所不有。我和爸爸跑著跑那，忙了一上午，才把年貨買齊。我邊吃邊逛，邊賣邊吃。臉上滿是興奮與喜悅。 ,“我”和誰一起去辦年貨？去了哪里？ 什么時候去的？集市上有什么貨物？,什么是細(xì)節(jié)題？,在文

2、章中 直接或間接地 找到與答案相關(guān)的信息！,為什么要學(xué)習(xí)細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧?,5W1H,是非題,排序題,細(xì)節(jié)題的類別,間接信息題,直接信息題,who, where, when, what, why, how,5W1H,間接信息題,直接信息題,同義替換,詞性變換,計算題,化繁為簡,Who invented the sport of badminton? What is the cheapest way to get to the party? Why did the builder build the bridge? .,設(shè)問方式,whats the main idea of the passage

3、?,Lu Xun moved to Shanghai because _.,如何解答5W1H題？,定位原文,如何解答5W1H題？,分析選項,尋讀法,讀題,定位原文,找關(guān)鍵詞！,題干中的直接信息,出現(xiàn)次數(shù)少的 專有名詞,同義改寫,詞性與結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換,When is World Toilet Day?,Which movie is about a woman gangster?,What would Ben do when someone was ill in the family?,sick,What made some people different from others according

4、to Confucius?,set men apart,If we want to make friends, we should _. A. be politely to them B. be friendly to them. C. be afraid of them D. when we talk with them.,Do you need friends? Im sure your answer is Yes,of course. Everybody does! You need friends when you play and when you work. If you have

5、 friends, you will feel happy. If you have no friends. you will feel lonely (寂寞的). Do you know how to make friends? There is only one good wayYou make friends by being friendly. A friendly person is interested in other people. He is always helpful If you want to make friends with a new classmate, yo

6、u can talk with him, tell him about the other classmates in your class and try your best to be helpful to him.,1. According to the passage, why was Lu Xuns story Diary of a Madmam so popular? A. It was based on Lu Xuns diary. B. It was the first novel to use everyday language. C. Its story took plac

7、e in modern times. D. It was written using a western style.,After working for several years as a teacher in Beijing, Lu Xun again returned to writing. In 1918, he wrote his famous short story Diary of a Madman. It was the first Chinese novel published using the everyday language that people spoke, w

8、hich helped make it a great success. This, together with his novel The True Story of Ah Q (1921), made Lu Xun a leading Chinese writer.,When did the writer feel worried? A. He heard the news from Miss Chan. B. He heard from Matthew. C. He spent the school day with Beth. D. He met Miss Chan.,I had mi

9、xed feelings today, nervous, worried, happy, excited My heart went down when Miss Chan, our head teacher, said that Matthew and Beth, two students from England, would spend three months with us! I was worried that I had to speak English so much! But at the end of the school day, I was happier than I

10、 thought: the morning with them today was more enjoyable than I expected.,What made the shoe strange was _. A.its colour B.its smell C.its size D.that it was a silk one,Little Tom down the street calls our dog The keep dog. Zip is a sheep dog. But when Tom tries to say Seep, it comes out keep. And i

11、n a way Tom is right. Zip is always bringing things home for us to keep! Ill tell you about some of them. Zips first present was a shoe. It was made of green silk. We didnt know how Zip found the shoe. But after a moment Mary, my big sister, told me the shoe had a strange smell. I nodded(點頭)and held

12、 my nose. What do you think it is? It smells like something for cleaning. I think someone tried to clean a spot (污點) off the shoe. Then he put it at the door to dry. Along came Zip. And good-bye shoe! I said.We should take it back. We cant .said my sistter. Maybe little Tom is right, Mary said. Mayb

13、e Zip is a keep dog!,定位原文,如何解答5W1H題？,分析選項,尋讀法,讀題,分析選項,正確項,1. 同義替換,間接信息題,同義替換,詞性變換,計算題,化繁為簡,2. 詞性變換,3. 化繁為簡,干擾項,1. 內(nèi)容擴(kuò)大縮小,2. 改變時態(tài)，未然當(dāng)已然,3. 無中生有，主觀臆想,4. 偷換概念，張冠李戴,5. 文不對題，答非所問,5W1H,間接信息題,直接信息題,同義替換,詞性變換,計算題,化繁為簡,一. 直接信息題,回到原文直接找到答案，不需要對信息加工的。,直接信息題,In 1816, Percy Shelley and 19-year-old Mary Shelley v

14、isited the poet Lord Byron at his home in Switzerland. Because of the bad weather they stayed indoors reading horror stories. One night, Byron asked everyone to write their own story. Mary Shelley thought of her dream and wrote the story Frankenstein.,Where was Mary Shelley when she wrote the story

15、Frankenstein? A. In England. B. In Italy. C. In Switzerland. D. In France.,直接信息題,Mr Smith made many tests (作試驗) with different animals and the monkey was the cleverest of all the animals. One day Mr Smith put a monkey in a room. He also put some small boxes in it. In one of the boxes there was some

16、food. How long will it take the monkey to find the food? Mr Smith said to himself. Let me wait and see. He left the room and waited outside. Three minutes later, he put his eye to the keyhole (鑰匙眼). What did he see? He saw the eye of the monkey. The monkey was on the other side of the door and looke

17、d at Mr Smith through the keyhole.,Mr Smith made tests with _. A. different animals B. the monkey only C. all the monkeys D.all of the cleverest animals,直接信息題,One day he went on a long way alone. Before he left home，his wife said，Now you have all these things. You need them on your way. Take care of

18、 your things on the way. He went to the station. He bought a ticket and got on the train with it.,The old man bought a ticket _. A. after he got on the train B. before he got on the train C. when the conductor told him to buy one D. when he found he had no ticket with him,Leaves are nature s food fa

19、ctories. Plants take water from the ground through their roots. They take a gas called carbon dioxide(CO2) from the air. Plants use sunlight to turn water and CO2 into glucose. Glucose is a kind of sugar. Plants use glucose as food for energy(f 理解力強(qiáng)的; 有智力的,1.同義替換,A young man asked Albert Einstein ,

20、the great German scientist , what the secret of success is. The scientist told him that the secret of success is hard work. A few days later the young man asked the same question again. Einstein was very annoyed. He did not say anything ,but wrote a few words on a piece of paper . On it was written:

21、 A=X+Y+Z. “What does this mean ?”asked the young man . “A means “ success”explained the old scientist . “X stands for hard work , Y for good method (方法)and Z means stop talking and get down to work.”,In Einsteins opinion the secret of success was _. A. to work with great energy (精力，活力) B. to study h

22、ard day and night C. to learn from great scientists D. to raise (提出) questions as many as you could,1.同義替換,It was difficult for Mr. King to stand because _. A. he had drunk too much B. the bus was too small C. he got on the bus too late D. it was very crowded in the bus,It was Sunday yesterday. Ther

23、e was a big football match of the year on the playground in the centre of the city. Mr. King likes the game very much and of course he was going to watch it. With his friends help he got a ticket a few days ago. After breakfast he hurried to the bus stop, but a lot of people were waiting there. A bu

24、s came and he hardly got on. There were plenty of people in it and it was difficult for them to put their feet. He had to grip(抓住)the back of a chair. At the next stop a boy got on the bus. He looked around and saw Mr. Kings beard and grip it. The man found it at once and called out, “Let go of(松開)m

25、y beard, boy!”,The story happened during the Second World War(戰(zhàn)爭).An old man lived in a small town of Germany. He had three sons and they all worked in the same factory where he had worked. After the war had begun , his sons were all made to join the army one after another and they all died in the f

26、ights . The old man was very sad . he didnt have enough food and was often hungry. And nobody helped him and he didnt know how to go in living .,The old man was sad because _. A. his three sons all died during the war B. His three sons had to join the army C. He had no food or clothes D. He lived in

27、 the small town alone,More than seven hundred years ago, the Prince of Wales had a very big and brave dog called Gelert. One day the Prince wanted to go hunting(打獵) with his men. He told his dog to stay at home and look after his baby son. The baby was in a wooden cradle(搖籃), which was like a small

28、bed.,The Prince told the dog to _ when he was leaving. A. watch the door B. take care of his baby at home C. welcome his friends D. stop the strangers,Trees must be grown in _. A.China B.the USA C.some countries D.every part of the world,In 1620, about half the USA was covered(覆蓋) by forests. Today

29、the forests have almost gone. A lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand(沙地). China doesnt want to copy(抄) the USAs example. Were planting more and more trees. Weve built the Great Green Wall of trees across northern(北部的) part of our country.The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometres lon

30、g, and between 400 and 1,700 kilometres wide. It will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland(農(nóng)田) in the south. More Great Green Walls are needed. Trees must be grown all over the world. Great Green Walls will make the world better.,My f

31、riend is a taxi driver. He has been a taxi driver for ten years. Its a nice job most of the time. He can meet a lot of people. He always works at night because there is too much traffic during the day. He usually goes home between two oclock in the morning. There are some very strange things, which

32、often happen at night. One day my friend was taking a woman back home from a party at three oclock in the morning. She had her little dog with her. When they got to her house, she found she had lost her key. So my friend waited in the car with the dog while she climbed in through the window. My frie

33、nd waited and waited. After half an hour of honking he decided to find out what was going on. He tied the dog to a tree and started to climb in through the window. At that moment some policemen came. They thought my friend was a thief. Luckily, the woman came downstairs. She must have gone to sleep

34、and forgotten about my friend and the dog.,The woman climbed in through the window because _. A. she wanted to have a sleep B. her husband didnt open the door for her C. she didnt want to pay the money D. she couldnt find her key,According to the passage, Helens parents_. A. allowed her to do as she

35、 wished B. gave her too many gifts and sweets. C. did not spend much time with her D. cared little about her education.,On March 3, 1887, the lives of two amazing women were changed forever when Anne Sullivan, a poor university graduate, arrived at the home of the wealthy Keller family to teach thei

36、r six-year-old daughter Helen. It was a difficult job as Helen was unable to see, hear or speak because of illness. Anne had been suggested to the Kellers by her university professor, a close friend of Mr. Keller. Before she arrived, Anne expected her new pupil to be a quiet, weak child. But Helen w

37、as nothing like that. When Anne first walked through the Kellers door, the energetic Helen nearly knocked her over in her hurry to feel Annes face, clothing and bag.,Helen was used to visitors bringing her sweets, and angrily tried to force open Annes case to take her candy. But Anne calmed her down

38、 by allowing Helen to play with her watch. So began one of the most successful student-teacher relationships in history. Anne Sullivan was only twenty years old when she began teaching Helen. She had to not only teach the child all the usual school subjects, but also control Helens sometimes wild be

39、haviour. Her well-meaning parents allowed Helen to do as she liked at home. Realizing that such an environment was unsuitable for learning, Anne requested that she and Helen live in a small house nearby. As soon as Helen began learning, it became clear that she was especially intelligent. She quickl

40、y learned to read and write, and by the age of ten she could also speak. In 1900, Helen started studying at Radcliffe University, and graduated first in her class in 1904. She was the very first blind and deaf person to get a university degree. How did she do it Anne Sullivan read all of Helens book

41、s and then signed the information into her hand. Anne remained at Helens side until her death in 1936. Helen became a world-famous writer, and fought for disabled peoples rights until her death on Jun 1, 1968.,According to the passage, Helens parents_. A. allowed her to do as she wished B. gave her

42、too many gifts and sweets. C. did not spend much time with her D. cared little about her education.,Anne Sullivan was only twenty years old when she began teaching Helen. She had to not only teach the child all the usual school subjects, but also control Helens sometimes wild behaviour. Her well-mea

43、ning parents allowed Helen to do as she liked at home. Realizing that such an environment was unsuitable for learning, Anne requested that she and Helen live in a small house nearby.,2.詞性變換,形容詞變動詞， 動詞變名詞 ,Mr. King is a tall and strong man. He teaches P. E. in a middle school. He wears a long beard(胡

44、子) and takes good care of it.,2.詞性變換,Mr. King is a _. A. player B. runner C. teacher D. driver,A,If you are _ something，you may say，“Its cool.” A.interested in B.angry about C.afraid of D.unhappy with,“Cool”is a word with many meanings.Its old meaning is used to express (表達(dá))a temperature that is a l

45、ittle bit cold.As the world has changed，the word has had many different meaning. “Cool”can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything. When you see a famous car in the street，maybe you will say，“Its cool.”You may think，“Hes so cool，”when you see your favourite footballer.,3.計算題,以how

46、old, how many times, how long, how many, how much, what percentage等為標(biāo)志詞。一般情況下，其選項全部為數(shù)字。,Mary was born into a rich London family in August 1797. She was educated by her parents and when she was 13 decided to become a writer. In 1812, she met the famous writer Percy Shelley and they soon got married.

47、Sadly for Mary, their first child died soon after birth in Italy. In her diary, Mary wrote about a dream: I dreamt that my little baby came to life again-that it had only been cold and that we rubbed it before the fire and it lived. In 1816, Percy Shelley and 19-year-odl May visited the poet Lord By

48、ron at his home in Switzerland. Because of the bad weather they stayed indoors reading horror stories. One night, Byron asked everyone to write their own story. Mary thought of her dream and wrote the story Frankenstein. Frankenstein was published when Mary was 21, and became a huge success. Many pe

49、ople didnt think a 19-year-old woman could write so well and believed her husband was the real writer. Although famous, Shelleys life was full of sadness. Only one of her four children lived and in 1822 her husband died in a swimming accident. Mary was broken-hearted and decided not to marry again.

50、She devoted herself to her child and continued to write until her death in 1851.,How old was Mary Shelley when she died? A. 43 B. 48 C. 51 D. 54,4.化繁為簡,把原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡化,While still a student，Lee opened his own kung fu school，teaching a new fighting style he had developedWhat made Lees style different

51、 was that it used power，strength and quickaction attacksIt also combined(融合)Japanese，Korean and South American fighting styles with traditional stowmoving Chinese kung fu,How was Lees style of kung fu different from the traditional Chinese style? A. It was much faster B. It was easier to Iearn。 C. I

52、t made people more powerful D. It was much more dangerous，,The ancient Chinese also flew kites to bring good luck and to make their crops(農(nóng)作物) grow rich and tall. Sometimes they tied long strings (細(xì)繩) and hooks (鉤) to their kites. Then they would fly the kites over water, letting the hooks hang down

53、 to catch fish.,In ancient China kites could be used for _. A. catching fish B. helping people fly C. watering the crops D. helping people walk in the dark,5W1H,是非題,排序題,細(xì)節(jié)題的類別,間接信息題,直接信息題,是非題,選項是若干個陳述句，判斷正誤。,Which of the following is true? Which of the following is NOT true? Which of the following(下

54、列) is right? Which is not wrong? ,找一找特征詞,設(shè)問方式：,是非題，怎么做？,定位，找出選項在原文中的出處。,A,對照分析選項,B,Which is not wrong? A. Joans mother is a good doctor. B. There are three people in her family. C. They like to eat the Chinese food a lot. D. The family are all in China.,Joan is an American girl. She lives in China n

55、ow. She is in my class. Her parents work in China, too, but her brother works in the U.S.A. He often writes letters to them. Joan likes Chinese class very much, and likes speaking Chinese with us after class. Her father teaches us English well. We all like his class. On Sundays, Joan goes to the Peo

56、ples Park with her father and mother. Sometimes she goes shopping with her mother. They like the Chinese food very much. Its a happy family.,In England, afternoon tea is the most informal (非正式) meal of a day. It is taken between four and five. If you are a friend of the family, you may come for tea

57、at any time. Very often it is not taken at a table. The members of the family and visitors take the tea in the sitting room. Each person has a cup and saucer (茶盤), a spoon (調(diào)羹) and a small plate for bread and butter (黃油) and cakes. By the way, do not help yourself to cakes first, bread and butter fi

58、rst, and then cake. Do remember: Though you can eat as much as you want, do not put more than one piece of bread or cake on your plate each time.,Which of the following is NOT true? A. People dont use the same spoon for afternoon tea. B. Afternoon tea is often taken in the sitting room. C. For afternoon tea, people use cups only. D. Afternoon tea is often taken with bread and cakes.,British newspapers are much smaller than they used to be and their readers are often in a hurry ,so newspapermen write as few words as possible.They tell their