1、Attributive Clause,在復合句中充當定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句的作用相當于形容詞，用來修飾主句中的某一名詞、代詞或整個主句。被定語修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫關系詞。關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞兩種。,who指人：在定語從句中作主語或賓語。 whom指人：在定語從句中作賓語。 whose可指人也可指物，在定語從句中作定語。 that 可指人或物,在從句中作主語或賓語. which指物,在從句中作主語或賓語. which引導的非限制性定語從句可修飾整個主句。 as可指物,在從句中作主語或賓語.也可引導非限制性定

2、語從句,修飾整個主句。,關系代詞:,典型錯誤,Thank you for the record that you gave it to me.(),Thank you for the record that you gave me.(),無論是關系代詞還是關系副詞，都在定語從句中 取代了先行詞，因此，先行詞在定語從句中不復 出現。,兩種定語從句在意義上的區(qū)別,In their classes there are 15 students who can speak English well. In their classes there are 15 students, who can spea

3、k English well. She has two sons who are P.L.A. men. She has two sons, who are P.L.A. men.,不止個學生,只有個學生,不止兩個，其余的可能不當兵,只有兩個，都是解放軍,先行詞是one, anyone, those, he時宜用who. Anyone who breaks the law shall be punished. Those who are against the plan put up your hands please. 在非限制性定語從句中 His mother, who loves him

4、 very much, is strict with him.,（一）只用who的情況,當先行詞與定語從句被其他詞所分隔時 I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese. 在there be開頭的句子中 There is an old man who wants to see you. 一句中有兩個定語從句，前一個定語從句的關系詞是that，另一個只用who The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studie

5、s very hard.,（二）只用that的情況,當先行詞是everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little，或當先行詞被every, any, some, no, little, few, much等詞修飾時 Is there any question that troubles you much? 當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級, the only, the very, the last等詞修飾時 Is this the first time that you have come to our city? Li ming is t

6、he only one that got full marks in our class.,當先行詞是由人和物構成的名詞詞組時 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 主句是以who, which開頭的疑問句或先行詞是疑問代詞who時: Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday? 5. 當先行詞在定語從句中作be表語時 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 6注意：that只能用在限制性定語從

7、句中，非限制性定語從句中永遠不用that，介詞后也不能跟that,（三）whose的使用,whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作定語，后面要緊跟被修飾的名詞 There are some people whose faces you can never forget. I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air.,the faces of whom,the leaves of which,（四）只用which的情況,非限制性定語從句中只用which，不用that Beijing, which i

8、s the capital of China, is a very beautiful city. 關系代詞緊跟在介詞或介詞短語之后，只能用which或 whom，不能用that This is the hotel in which you will stay. This is the hotel which/ that you will stay in.,Tips,1. 關系代詞在從句中作賓語時,關系代詞可省略. eg. This is the house _ I visited. 2. what不能引導定語從句;且what = all that I will do all that I c

9、an to help you. = I will do what I can to help you.,which/that/不用,3. one of + pl.n. +關系代詞 +動詞復數 the (only) one of +pl.n. +關系代詞 +單數動詞 The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings _ _ (draw) lots of visitors. Titanic is the only one of the most wonderful movies _ _ (have be) produced in Hollywo

10、od.,that,draw,that,has been,Exercise 1,1. I can still remember the sitting room in _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. 2. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. 3. Finally the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. 4. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.

11、 5. The man _ you just talked to was a friend of mine.,which,whose,that,that/which,who(m)/that,作的賓語,6. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black. 7. Mr. White is one of the foreign experts _ are working in China. 8. Is this the museum _ you visited the other day? 9. This is the worker with _ my

12、 father worked. 10. To get the job started, all _ I need is your permission.,whose,who/that,that/ which,whom,that,Exercise1,1. Is this the factory _ you have been to last year? A. which B. in which C. where D. the one 2. Is this factory _ you have been to last year? A. which B. in which C. where D.

13、the one 3. Is Mr. Smith the person _ you know this? A. that B. whom C. from whom D. by whom 4. I attended the meeting the importance _ I did not realize at that time. A. who B. of which C. which D. its,A,D,C,B,5. Whats that _ flashed in the sky just now? A. which B. that C. who D. as 6. This book is

14、 _ Im looking for. A. that B. what C. which D. one 7. This is the most interesting one _ I have ever read. A. which B. that C. of which D. in that 8. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest. A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew,A,B,B

15、,C,關系副詞的用法,that/ which和when,Do you remember the days when we first spent together? ( ) Do you remember the days which/ that we first spent together? ( ),析：先行詞是表示時間的名詞，定語從句的引導詞是用關系代詞”that/which”還是關系副詞”when”，取決于該先行詞在從句中充當主語、賓語還是時間狀語。在這句中先行詞the day在定語從句中作spent的賓語，因此要用that/which,that/ which與where,Ill ne

16、ver forget the school where we visited last Sunday. ( ) Ill never forget the school (that/ which) we visited last Sunday. ( ),析：先行詞是表示地點的名詞，定語從句的引導 詞是用關系代詞”that/which”還是關系副詞”where”， 取決于該先行詞在從句中充當主語、賓語還是地點 狀語。在這句中先行詞the school在定語從句中作 visited的賓語，因此要用that/which.,that/ which與why,Tell me the reason _ you

17、 are late . Is this the reason _ he told you?,why,that,先行詞是reason時，定語從句的引導詞是關系 代詞thatwhich還是關系副詞why，取決于該 先行詞在從句中的成分。句中reason在從句 中作原因狀語，句中reason在從句中作tell的 賓語。,“介詞+關系代詞”,介詞的選擇： 一般介詞與定語從句中的動詞是一種習慣性搭配,The person to whom I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.,含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在 動詞的后面因此不

18、能使用“介詞+關系代詞”結構 如：look for, look after, take care of.,Is this the watch which he was looking for?,Is this the watch for which he was looking? (),Exercises 2,1. Do you still remember the day _ we first came to Tibet? A. which B. that C. when D. where 2. Is this the company _ all employees are treated

19、well? A. that B. which C. in that D. where 3. This summer Ill return to the small village _ I grew up. A. which B. where C. that D. when 4. Is that the reason _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where,C,D,B,A,5. The doctors and nurses did all _ they could to help those _ were infecte

20、d with SARS. A. which; which B. that; why C. that; who D. what; who 6. Is there a restaurant around _ we can have something to eat? A. where B. that C. what D. why 7. We came to the place _ they had never paid a visit before. A. to where B. to which C. that D. when 8. He often helps the students _ h

21、e thinks are not quick at their studies. A. whom B. when C. who D. where,C,A,B,C,As, which引導非限制性定語從句,關系代詞as引導的定語從句,引導限制性定語從句：,(1) such + 名詞/so + 形容詞 + 名詞 + as “像一樣的”、“像之類” the same + 名詞 + as “和同樣的”,Such people as you describe are thought to be fools nowadays. (as作賓語),He is not the same man as he was. (as作表語),This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like. This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,as,that,as,that,這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。(定語從句),這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。(結果狀語從句),This is the same pen