1、高頻考點(diǎn)一 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表能力 can/could一般表示主語(yǔ)本身所具有的能力,意為:能,會(huì);而be able to一般 表示通過努力能做到某事。 典例 (2012全國(guó),17)Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I find the money. 答案 can,解析 句意:如果我能找到足夠的錢,我將和約翰一起去歐洲度假。考查 can表示“能力”。,高頻考點(diǎn)二 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)分為:對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況和過去情況的推測(cè)、對(duì)情況肯定的推 測(cè)、否定的推測(cè)以及可能性的推測(cè)。對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的肯定推測(cè)就用must, 否定推測(cè)就用cant,可

2、能性推測(cè)就用can/could,may/might。對(duì)過去情況 的肯定推測(cè)就用must have done,否定推測(cè)就用cant have done,可能性推 測(cè)就用can/could/may/might have done。做題時(shí)要判斷是哪一種推測(cè),還 要判斷出是對(duì)現(xiàn)在還是對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)。 典例 (2014江西,30)Life is unpredictable;even the poorest become the richest. 答案 may/might,解析 句意:生活是不可預(yù)測(cè)的,即使是最貧窮的人也可能成為最富有的 人。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知本空表示推測(cè)。may/might

3、可能。,高頻考點(diǎn)三 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表請(qǐng)求、許諾、允許 1.向?qū)Ψ教岢龌蛘髑笠庖姇r(shí)一般要用比較委婉的語(yǔ)氣,常用的句式有: Shall I/he/they.?Could I.?May I.? 2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall用于第二、三人稱表示說話者命令、警告、許諾的語(yǔ) 氣。表示按照規(guī)章制度、法律、條例規(guī)定應(yīng)該怎么做也要用shall。這 是高考對(duì)shall的考查熱點(diǎn)。 典例 (2014北京,27) I have a word with you?It wont take long. 答案 Can/May 解析 句意:我能和你說句話嗎?不會(huì)花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 的基本用法。can/may可以,表請(qǐng)求允許。,

4、高頻考點(diǎn)四 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表必要性 must語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)烈,表示說話者堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為必須做某事;need語(yǔ)氣要比must弱, 表示說話者認(rèn)為有必要做某事;should在表示該含義時(shí),表示在義務(wù)上應(yīng) 該做某事。should還表示“竟然會(huì),(將來)萬一”。 典例 (2014重慶,3)Ive ordered some pizza,so we worry about cook- ing when we get home tired. 答案 neednt 解析 句意:我已經(jīng)預(yù)訂了一些比薩餅,所以當(dāng)我們到家感到累的時(shí)候就 不必?fù)?dān)心做飯的事了。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知答案為 neednt。,高頻考點(diǎn)五 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ha

5、ve done,典例 (2013遼寧,31)Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He (drink) too much at the party last night. 答案 must/shouldnt have drunk 解析 句意:Harry感到不舒服。他一定是/本不應(yīng)該在昨晚的聚會(huì)上喝 (了)太多的酒。must have done表示過去一定做了某事;shouldnt have done表示過去本不該做某事而做了,以表達(dá)責(zé)備之意。,高頻考點(diǎn)六 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣是用來表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的實(shí)際情況相反的假設(shè),近年來主要 是考查上述兩點(diǎn),而對(duì)將來可能情況的假設(shè)已很少

6、涉及。注意下列幾種 情況: 1.表示與現(xiàn)在實(shí)際情況相反的假設(shè):條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用一般過去 時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞用were),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should/might/would/could+動(dòng)詞原形。 2.表示與過去實(shí)際情況相反的假設(shè):條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用過去完成 時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should/might/would/could have done。 3.用其他形式來代替條件從句,常見的有:without,otherwise,but for等。 4.一些特殊動(dòng)詞后的that從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形,常常考 查把should去掉的情況。與這些特殊動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的名詞形式后的tha

7、t引導(dǎo) 的同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也符合這一原則。,5.需要特別注意的幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu):wish句式,as if/though句式,would rather sb. did,Its high time that sb.did等。 典例 (2014陜西,23)We would rather our daughter (stay)at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer. 答案 stayed 解析 句意:我們希望女兒待在家里和我們?cè)谝黄?但這是她的選擇,她不 再是個(gè)孩子了?？疾樘摂M語(yǔ)氣。would rather

8、.表示“寧愿,希望”,其后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí),從句用一般過 去時(shí);表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí),從句用過去完成時(shí)。如:Id rather I had not gone wrong yesterday.要是我昨天不出錯(cuò)就好了。,知識(shí)清單一 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法要點(diǎn) 一、表能力 如: I am starving to death.I can eat two bowls of rice now.(現(xiàn)在的能力) 我快餓死了,現(xiàn)在我能吃兩碗米飯。,If you have a good sleep,you will be able to work out this problem

9、.(將來的能 力) 如果你好好睡一覺,你將能夠解出這道題。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.(過去有能力做并且成功地做了某事) 盡管這場(chǎng)大火迅速蔓延到了整個(gè)賓館,但是每個(gè)人都逃了出去。 I could have worked out the problem,but I was too nervous.(過去有能力做但 未做) 我本來可以解出這道題,但我太緊張了。,二、表推測(cè)(可能性) 1.可能性可分為客觀的可能性和具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性兩種。所謂 客觀的(理論的)可

10、能性即并不涉及具體某事是否會(huì)發(fā)生,此種用法常常可 以說明人或事物的特征。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can可用于肯定句中表示客觀的(理論 的)可能性,而表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性時(shí),can 一般不用于肯定句。 如: Accidents can happen on such rainy days. 這樣的多雨天氣可能會(huì)發(fā)生事故。(客觀的可能性) We may go to the cinema tonight,but we are not sure yet. 今晚我們可能去看電影,但還沒確定。(實(shí)際可能性,不用can),2.表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性: (1)表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性的層次比較(見下表),(2

11、)表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性時(shí),may,must常用于肯定句,一般不用于 否定句和疑問句(may not表示“可能不”);can 常用于否定句、疑問句或 感嘆句中,表示疑惑、驚訝或不相信等意思;could既可用于肯定句又可用 于否定句、疑問句中。如: This cant/couldnt be done by him. 這不可能是他干的。(表不相信) This may not be done by him. 這可能不是他干的。(表不確定) He could be on his way home now. 他現(xiàn)在可能在回家的路上了。(could 不如may/might常用),Can this b

12、e done by him? 這可能是他干的嗎?(表示疑惑、驚訝) Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the open- ing ceremony? 布什先生做一切事情都非常守時(shí)。開幕式他怎么可能會(huì)遲到呢?(表示疑 惑、驚訝) I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep. 我沒聽見電話鈴響。我一定是睡著了。(表肯定) Are you coming to Jeffs party? Im not sure.I might go to the co

13、ncert instead.(表不確定),你要來杰弗的聚會(huì)嗎? 我不確定。我可能要去音樂會(huì)。 (3)could,might并不一定與過去的時(shí)間有關(guān),而表示可能性弱于它們相應(yīng)的 現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式。如: This may/might be done by him. 這件事有可能是他干的。(語(yǔ)氣依次遞減) (4)should表推測(cè)時(shí),表示確定或可能有的未來或期望,即合乎理想的情況或 結(jié)果。如: He ought to/should be here on timehe started early enough. 他(應(yīng))該按時(shí)到這里他出發(fā)得夠早的了。,We should arrive before dark

14、. 我們按說能在天黑前到達(dá)。 The roads should be less crowded today. 按說今天路上就不那么擁擠了。 三、表示請(qǐng)求、允許、允諾 1.當(dāng)對(duì)方是決策者時(shí),你代表你(們)自己(I,we),或代表第三者(he,she,they)向 對(duì)方(you)請(qǐng)示或提出建議時(shí)用:Shall/May(Might)/Can(Could)I/we.? Shall he/she/they.?Would/Will you.?如: Shall the driver wait outside? 司機(jī)在外邊等著可以嗎?,When shall my father be able to leave

15、 hospital? 我父親什么時(shí)候可以出院? Would you do me a favor? 請(qǐng)幫我一下,好嗎? 2.could/might/would/should表委婉的語(yǔ)氣。如: Could/Might I use your bike tomorrow morning? Yes,you can/may.(否定:No,Im afraid not.) 明天早晨我用用你的自行車,行嗎? 行,你用吧。(否定:不,恐怕不行。) 不可以說:Yes,you could/might.回答允許時(shí),用could/might表委婉是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?3.shall與第二、三人稱連用用于陳述句,表示說話者的命令,

16、警告,威脅;當(dāng)宣 布法律規(guī)定時(shí),也用shall。 You shall leave the room at once,and he also shall.(=I order you and him to leave the room at once.) 你馬上離開這個(gè)房間,他也一樣。(說話者的意志) It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 據(jù)宣布,在所有試卷收上來之前,應(yīng)試者必須待在自己的座位上。(規(guī)則或 規(guī)定),四、表示

17、必要性 1.must 常用來表示必要性,意為“必須”,must do sth.(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?必須做 某事 2.dont have to do sth./dont need to do sth./neednt do sth.(現(xiàn)在或?qū)? 不必做某事 3.表示過去沒必要做某事時(shí),分為以下情況: (1)neednt have done sth.本來不必做而做了某事 (2)didnt have to do sth./didnt need to do sth./It was not necessary to do sth.(過去)不必做(不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否做了)某事 You neednt have worke

18、d that late last night.It was harmful to your health.,你昨晚本不必工作到那么晚。那對(duì)你的身體沒好處。 Did you work very late last night? No,I didnt.I didnt need to work very late. 你昨天晚上工作到很晚嗎? 不是很晚。我沒必要工作到很晚。 4.should也可以表示必要性,意為“(義務(wù)上)應(yīng)該”。should表示必要性時(shí), 在語(yǔ)氣上比must(必須)弱?！皊hould+動(dòng)詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)響?yīng)該做 (的必要性);“should+have+過去分詞”表示過去本該做(

19、的必要性)。如: I should go and visit him this afternoon,but I wonder if I will be free. 今天下午我應(yīng)該去看望他,但我不知道我是否有空。(表示將來的必要性),You should have come to the conference yesterday.What was the reason for your absence? 你昨天本應(yīng)該參加那個(gè)會(huì)議。你缺席的原因是什么?(表示過去的必要性) 五、表示“寧愿做某事”時(shí),可使用下面這些句式: 高考中對(duì)這類用法的考查主要側(cè)重結(jié)構(gòu),因此要熟記其結(jié)構(gòu)。,六、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+hav

20、e done”用法一覽表,七、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的其他用法要點(diǎn): 1.cannot but+do sth.表示“不得不,只好做某事”。如: I cannot but choose to go.我只好去。 2.may well和may as well結(jié)構(gòu)。 “may well+動(dòng)詞原形”是一種常用結(jié)構(gòu),意為“完全能,很可能”,相當(dāng)于 be very likely to+動(dòng)詞原形。如: He may well be proud of his son. 他大可為他的兒子感到自豪。 Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recogniz

21、e her. 她的模樣變化太大,你很可能認(rèn)不出她了。,“may as well+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好,不妨,倒不如”。如: You may as well do it at once.你最好馬上就做這件事。 We may as well stay where we are. 我們留在現(xiàn)在的地方倒也不錯(cuò)。 3.cannot(或can never)與enough連用表示“再也不為過”。(具體用法 見形容詞和副詞專題。) 4.may可以用于祈使句,表示祝愿。如: May we never forget each other.愿我們彼此永不相忘。 May you return in safety.愿你

22、平安歸來。,5.“Why/How+should”結(jié)構(gòu)表示說話人對(duì)某事不能理解,感到意外、驚訝 等意思,意為“竟會(huì)”。如: Why should you be so late today?你今天怎么來得這么晚? How should I know?我怎么會(huì)知道?(意為:我不知道。) 6.must表示“偏要,硬要”。如: Must you make so much noise? 你非得弄出這么大聲響嗎? 7.may作“可以”講時(shí),其否定式常用“mustnt”表示“禁止”;must作 “必須”講時(shí),其否定式是“neednt”,表示“不必”。如: May I use your car? No,you

23、mustnt.,我能用用你的車嗎? 不,一定不能。 (委婉的拒絕可用:Sorry,but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等) Must I work out the problem tonight? No,you neednt. 我今晚必須做出這道題嗎? 不,不必。 8.need和dare的用法 need和dare兩者既可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可用作行為動(dòng)詞。作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí),有 人稱和數(shù)的變化,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑問句中,構(gòu)成否定句或疑問句,時(shí)要用助動(dòng)詞do,does,did;作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化(dare的過去 式dared),直接接動(dòng)詞原形,多

24、用于否定句和疑問句中,構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句 時(shí)不用助動(dòng)詞。 另外,dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),還可用于條件句中,過去式為dared;作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí), dare用于疑問句或否定句,后面的to也可省略;I dare say是習(xí)慣說法,意為 “我想,大概”。如: He neednt do it.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) He doesnt need to do it.(行為動(dòng)詞) 他不必做這件事。,I didnt know whether he dared say that to him.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,有時(shí)態(tài)變化) 我不知道他是否敢對(duì)他說那話。 He didnt dare(to)do it.(行為動(dòng)詞) He dared

25、not do it.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) 他不敢那么做。 注意:need作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí),還可表示“需要”,物作主語(yǔ)時(shí),后接動(dòng)名詞的主 動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義(詳見非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題)。如: The floor needs sweeping.這地需要打掃了。,知識(shí)清單二 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中,使用虛擬條件句時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn): 1.當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí), 被稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”,動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng) 的調(diào)整。如: If you had followed my advice just now,you would be better now.

26、如果你剛才 聽了我的建議,你現(xiàn)在就好多了。 If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你以 前好好學(xué)習(xí)的話,你現(xiàn)在早就是大學(xué)生了。 2.if省略句 在條件句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,變?yōu)榈寡b句式。如:,If I were at school again,I would study harder. Were I at school again,I would study harder. 如果我還有上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì),我會(huì)更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。 If you had come earlie

27、r,you would have caught the bus. Had you come earlier,you would have caught the bus. 如果你來得早些,你就能趕上公共汽車了。 If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的話,我們就不去登山了。 注意:若省略的條件從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí),不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形,式。如:我們可以說:Were it not for the expense,I

28、 would go abroad now.但不 能說:Werent it for the expense,I would go abroad now. 3.用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。常用的有with,without,but for。如: What would you do with a million dollars(=if you had a million dollars)? 如果你有100萬美元,你會(huì)做什么? Without your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. =But for your help,.=I

29、f it had not been for your help,.=Had it not been for your help,. 沒有你的幫助,我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。,4.含蓄條件句 有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要,在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句,而是通 過其他手段來代替條件句。如: I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副 詞) 我那天病了。否則,我就參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)了。 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would

30、 have known nothing about it.(連詞) 他打電話通知了我你的生日,否則,我對(duì)此一點(diǎn)都不知道。 A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about 3 days.(定語(yǔ)從句) 一個(gè)不喝水的人大約3天內(nèi)就會(huì)死亡。,I should have given you more help,but I was too busy.(連詞) 我本應(yīng)該多幫幫你,但我(那時(shí))太忙了。 5.even if,even though 也可用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其形式與if從句在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的 形式相同。 二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用 1.用

31、于賓語(yǔ)從句中 (1)wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式為:,如: I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我是只小鳥,能在天空自由飛翔。 I wish(that)I had met that film star yesterday. 我希望昨天見到那個(gè)影星了。 How I wish it werent raining now! 我多希望現(xiàn)在沒下雨啊!,此外,用于If only+句子=How I wish+that從句。又如: If only I were a f

32、lying bird!=How I wish I were a flying bird! 我要是一只飛鳥該多好啊! If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film! 我要是看了那部電影多好啊! (2)用于表示建議、愿望、命令等詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,常見的動(dòng)詞有:de- mand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise等。賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 結(jié)構(gòu)為“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。如: He suggested that we(should)start off e

33、arly the next day. 他建議我們第二天早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。,They insisted that the boy(should)go with them. 他們堅(jiān)決主張那個(gè)男孩子跟他們一起去。 (3)在would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其構(gòu)成為would rather sb. +動(dòng)詞過去式/過去完成式(從句動(dòng)作先發(fā)生)。如: I would rather they didnt hear of the news. 我寧愿他們沒聽到那個(gè)消息。 (4)當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示,表明”之意,insist表示“堅(jiān)持說,力言”之意時(shí), suggest/insist后的賓語(yǔ)從句不

34、使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,應(yīng)使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如: The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他臉上的 表情表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意。,The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷錢。 2.用于主語(yǔ)從句中 在“It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/ strange/natural/a pity/essential+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 “should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。如: It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.人們建議會(huì)議 推遲到下周。 It