1、a,1,名詞性從句 noun clause,主語(yǔ)從句 subject clause,賓語(yǔ)從句 object clause,表語(yǔ)從句 predicative clause,同位語(yǔ)從句 appositive clause,a,2,請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句,What I want to do is taking a bath. The news that they won the game spread the whole school. I dont think he is an honest boy. The fact is that he stole the car. Do you kn

2、ow the fact that he stole the car? Do you know the man who is standing over there? It is said that they won the game.,(主從),(同位語(yǔ)從句),(賓從),(表從),(同位語(yǔ)從句),(定從),(主從),a,3,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞： that（無(wú)意義，不可省，不充當(dāng)任何成分） whether, if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性） as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”） 以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分,a,4,連接代詞：what, whatever,

3、 who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 連接副詞：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分,a,5,不可省略的連詞： 1. 介詞后的連詞 2. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.,a,6,在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ)的從句.引導(dǎo)詞

4、有連詞that，whether; 代詞：who, what ,which;副詞：when ,where, how, why等.,1.That he is a famous singer is known to us. (It is known to us that he is a famous singer.),2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.),主語(yǔ)從句,a,7,1.It + be + 形容詞 that從句,It is necessar

5、y / important/ obvious that,2.It + be + -ed分詞 that從句,It is believed that 人們相信 It is known to us all that . 眾所周知 It has been decided that 已經(jīng)決定,3.It + be + 名詞 that從句,It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí) It is a surprise that . 令人驚奇的是 It is a fact that 事實(shí)是,4.It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 that從句,It appears that 似乎 It happens t

6、hat . 碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起,a,8,另注意在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that,a,9,主語(yǔ)從句中的“主謂一致”：,1.主語(yǔ)從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體,主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.,That they will come _certain

7、.,2. What 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.,What he wants _these books. What he wants _some water.,注意,is,are,is,a,10,1_ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account. .(2005上海) A. What is required B .What requires C It is required D. It requires 2. The Fore

8、ign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2006 北京) A. This B. There is C .That is D. It is 3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海) A .where B .what C .that D. how,Exercises,a,11,賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的 名詞性

9、從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (及物動(dòng)詞) 或介詞之后。,1.She did not know what had happened.,2. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.,3. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.,賓語(yǔ)從句,(作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)),(作介詞的賓語(yǔ)),(作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)),a,12,1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前

10、的that不可省。例如： We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.,a,13,注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用“（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered

11、 that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。,a,14,2. 用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，其主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語(yǔ)序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if： a. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首時(shí)；b. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；c . 引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；d. 從句后有“or not”時(shí)；e. 后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。,a,15,Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. The quest

12、ion is whether she should have a low opinion of the test? Everything depends on whether we have enough money. I wonder whether he will come or not. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?,a,16,賓語(yǔ)從句中的“時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)”與“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”,若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含 有

13、否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句 謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。例如：,He told me that he _ his job. (已經(jīng)完成了工作),時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),否定轉(zhuǎn)移,我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)這里.,I think he wont come here. ( ) I dont think he will come here. ( ),had finished,注意,a,17,4. 注意賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如： I know (that) he studies English every day. I know (that) he studi

14、ed English last term. I know (that) he will study English next year. I know (that) he has studied English since 1998.,a,18,當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如： The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America,a,19,賓語(yǔ)從句中用it作形式賓語(yǔ),We think

15、it our duty that we should help others.,注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用it來(lái)作形式賓語(yǔ)，把從句放在賓補(bǔ)后面。,我發(fā)現(xiàn)他兩天之內(nèi)完成工作是不可能的.,I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.,a,20,Exercises: “it”作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)：,1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange

16、 that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back? A. we B. yourself C. it D. them,A,B,B,C,a,21,在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語(yǔ).引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語(yǔ)從句,1.問題是我們和他已失去聯(lián)系. 2.這就是亨利

17、怎么解決這個(gè)問題的. 3.天看起來(lái)要下雨了.,The problem is_,This is_.,It looks_.,that we have lost touch with him.,how Henry solved the problem.,as if it is going to rain.,a,22,需要注意的，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。 The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 【注意】whether 可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)

18、從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。,a,23,在句中起同位語(yǔ)的作用.一般放在名詞fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion, belief, truth 等之后,用以說(shuō)明或解釋前面的名詞.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞 that(不能省)；少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞等.,1.The thought that we might succeed excited us. 2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering. 3.The suggestion that

19、the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.,同位語(yǔ)從句,a,24,同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別： that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。 I had no idea that you were here（that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能省略） Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)

20、從句，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略）,a,25,Exercises,1.Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.(2006 上海春季) A. which B. that C. when D. why 2.Do you have any idea_ is actually going on in the classroom? (2005遼寧) A. that B. what c. as D. which 3. There is a feeling in me _ well neve

21、r know what a UFO is not ever.(2002上海) A. that B. which c. of which D. what 4.Information has been put forward_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as,a,26,(1) They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they ca

22、n D. how can they (2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put (3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is,B,C,I.語(yǔ)序問題,考點(diǎn)歸納,D,歸納,在名詞性從句中，除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句之首外，其它部分應(yīng)用_的語(yǔ)序。,陳述,

23、a,27,II.用if 或whether 填空,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can do it matters little to us. 6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you,whe

24、ther/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,a.主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句只能用_，不能用if ； b.后面緊跟 or not 時(shí), 用_.,歸納,whether,whether,a,28,III. that 與whether / if 的選擇：,(1) _ knowledge comes from practice is known to all. What B. Where C. If D. That (2) It makes no difference _ our sports meet will be held this

25、 week or next week. A. that B. either C. whether D. when (3) I doubt _ he will come soon. (4) I do not doubt _ he will come soon. (5) Do you doubt _ he will come soon?,D,C,whether / if,that,that,表示是否時(shí)用_,表示肯定時(shí)用_,歸納,whether /if,that,a,29,1._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind. 2._ the ea

26、rth is round is known to us all. 3. _ he won the race was _ we expected.,that:,what:,_只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，沒有詞義,_起連接作用，且在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)， 表示“所的”。,That,What,That,what,歸納,. that， what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別,a,30,. what why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because,C,C,D,Consolidation:,a,36,4. _ I cant understand

27、is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because 5. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if 6. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that,D,A,B,a,37,7. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon 8. - I