1、 金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易論文：我國(guó)國(guó)際金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力及其影響因素研究【中文摘要】作為服務(wù)業(yè)中的重要部門,金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)在各國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中具有舉足輕重的地位,而金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中雖然起步較晚,但發(fā)展的速度非常之快。自上世紀(jì)60年代開(kāi)始,特別是自上世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái),取消金融管制、實(shí)現(xiàn)金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的自由化更是全球性的趨勢(shì),自由化確實(shí)促進(jìn)了各國(guó)金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng),并給一些國(guó)家金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的效率帶來(lái)了提升,并促進(jìn)了一些國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),但是另外一些國(guó)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)也表明,正是自由化給金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來(lái)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),使得一些國(guó)家的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力較弱的金融機(jī)構(gòu)破產(chǎn)倒閉,危及該國(guó)金融系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,甚至影響到該國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康增長(zhǎng)。我國(guó)已于

2、2001年加入了WTO,并于2006年渡過(guò)了“過(guò)渡期”,我國(guó)的金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)也直面發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家金融機(jī)構(gòu)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。因此,分析我國(guó)金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,以及如何提高我國(guó)金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力對(duì)于我國(guó)金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展具有較為重要的意義。在加入WTO之前,由于我國(guó)金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開(kāi)放度較低,因此,我國(guó)金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的壓力也較低,另外由于國(guó)家奉行的過(guò)度保護(hù)的政策以及受行業(yè)內(nèi)整體人力資本質(zhì)量較低等因素的影響,使得我國(guó)金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)總體競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力較低。在我國(guó)金融加入WTO之后,特別是渡過(guò)“過(guò)渡期”后,我國(guó)金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)直面外國(guó)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),這不但促進(jìn)了我國(guó)金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的效率的提升,而且由于對(duì)外開(kāi)放,也使得我國(guó)金融服

3、務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)獲得了引進(jìn)國(guó)外先進(jìn)的管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及實(shí)施跨國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng)的機(jī)會(huì)?，F(xiàn)有的分析金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的理論主要有：比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論、國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論、IMD競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力評(píng)價(jià)體系、“九要素理論”以及基于金融資源論的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力評(píng)價(jià)體系,由于比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論及國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論是一種定性而非定量的分析方法,因此,不利于不同國(guó)家的相互比較。而IMD競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力評(píng)價(jià)體系及基于金融資源論的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力評(píng)價(jià)體系設(shè)計(jì)的部分指標(biāo)的計(jì)算,不是基于客觀的數(shù)據(jù),而是通過(guò)人為的估計(jì)取得的,因此其結(jié)果的客觀性難以保證。正是上述的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力評(píng)價(jià)方法存在種種不足之處,因此,本文嘗試以客觀數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),通過(guò)計(jì)算TIS、RCA、CA等指標(biāo),來(lái)比較我國(guó)金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力與以美國(guó)為代

4、表發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家以及以印度為代表的發(fā)展中國(guó)家之間存在的差異,并得出了與美國(guó)、印度相比,我國(guó)金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)在規(guī)模、發(fā)展?jié)摿σ约罢w競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力都較低的結(jié)論。對(duì)我國(guó)金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)分析表明,資本要素、人力資本、技術(shù)、相關(guān)及支持產(chǎn)業(yè)以及需求要素是影響我國(guó)金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的重要因素。而實(shí)證分析表明,對(duì)我國(guó)金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易影響程度最大的是勞動(dòng)要素,其次為技術(shù)要素,資本要素影響程度最低。相應(yīng)的,為提升我國(guó)金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的整體競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,我國(guó)應(yīng)加大對(duì)金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)人力資本的投入、我國(guó)的金融服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)實(shí)施“走出去”的戰(zhàn)略以及放棄分業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)實(shí)行混業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)的政策?！居⑽恼緼s an important sector in services,

5、 financial services industry in the countrys economic development plays a decisive role, while financial services trade in services trade despite a late start, but the development speed is very fast. Since the beginning of the 60s of last century, especially since the 80s of last century, financial

6、deregulation, to achieve the liberalization of the financial services industry is a global trend, liberalization does promote real competition in the worlds financial services industry, and to some countries, the efficiency of the financial services industry has brought to enhance and promote a some

7、 of the countrys economic growth, but the experience of other countries also show that liberalization of financial services industry is to bring the competition, making less competitive in some countries the financial institutions bankruptcy, threatening the stability of the countrys financial syste

8、m running, and even affect the health of the countrys economic growth. In 2001 China joined the WTO, and in 2006 through a “transitional period”, China financial services industry is also facing competition from financial institutions in developed countries. Therefore, the analysis of the competitiv

9、eness of the financial services industry, and how to improve the competitiveness of the financial services industry for the development of trade in financial services with more significance.Prior to joining the WTO, due to open Chinas financial services industry is low, therefore, our financial serv

10、ices industry is facing little pressure of external competition, while the state pursues a policy of excessive protection and the industry as a whole by the lower quality of human resource Impact of the financial services industry in our countrys overall competitiveness is low. After joining WTO, in

11、 particular through the “transitional period” after the financial services industry in China of foreign financial institutions face competition not only promotes the efficiency of Chinas financial services industry and the outside world, also makes our financial service industry was the introduction

12、 of foreign advanced management experience and the implementation of cross-border business opportunities.Analysis of existing financial services trade competitiveness theory are:theory of comparative advantage, national competitive advantage theory, IMD competitiveness evaluation system, “nine eleme

13、nts of theory” and based on the competitiveness of the financial resources of the evaluation system and the theory of comparative advantage national competitive advantage theory is a qualitative rather than quantitative analysis, therefore, not conducive to comparison between different countries. Th

14、e IMD competitiveness evaluation system and financial resources based on the competitiveness of the evaluation system designed for the calculation of some indicators, not based on objective data, but estimates made by man-made, so its difficult to guarantee the objectivity of the results. It is the

15、competitiveness of the shortcomings of existing evaluation methods, and are therefore, this paper attempts to objective data, by calculating the TIS, RCA, CA and other indicators, to compare the competitiveness of the financial services industry in China and developed countries, and represented the

16、United States to India as the representative of the differences between developing countries and draw with the United States, India compared to Chinas financial services industry size, growth potential and competitiveness of both lower overall conclusions. Our analysis shows that the financial servi

17、ces industry, capital factors, human resource, technology, related and supporting industries and demand factors that affect the competitiveness of the financial services industry, an important factor. The empirical analysis shows that trade in financial services in China is the biggest influence of

18、the labor factor, followed by technical factors, the capital element of the lowest.Accordingly, the financial services industry to enhance our overall competitiveness, Chinas financial services industry should increase investment in human resource, imply the “going out strategy” and abandon the policy of separate operation and diversified management【關(guān)鍵詞】金融服務(wù)貿(mào)易 國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 貿(mào)易指數(shù)【英文關(guān)鍵詞】trade in financial services international