1、第二章 國(guó)際貿(mào)易述語(yǔ)(P45-62) International Trade terms,On FOB term basis, Seller A prepared the goods at the stipulated time, meanwhile, Buyer B informed A of the name of vessel and the date of shipment ,when the goods is lifted to the ship, it fell down on the deck ,so now who shall take responsibility? Sell

2、er or Buyer?,Case1(案例1)：,Case2(案例2)：,One import and export company exported his goods under the CIF term. The seller delivered the goods on board of the vessel on time and prepared all necessary documents. But the vessel stranded and sank in a few hours after departure. The next day, when the seller

3、 asked for payment with full set of documents in conformity with the contract, the buyer refused to accept the documents and rejected payment because his goods have been lost. Is it reasonable for the buyer to do so? Why?,A merchant in South America placed an order with a Chinese export company for

4、a certain commodity on CFR Asuncion (亞松森)terms .With a view to develop new markets, the export company immediately made an offer abroad on the basis of CFR Asuncion, and the transaction was soon concluded. When shipping the goods, however, this company came to realize that Asuncion is an inland city

5、. As was the case, if the company had the goods transported to Asuncion, it had to , first of all, have the goods transported by sea to a seaport in Argentina or some other South American neighboring country. After that, the goods might be transport to Asuncion through river transportation or inland

6、 transportation. As a result, this company had to pay a considerable sum of freight charges. What can we learn from this case?,Case3(案例3)：,國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)概述（定義、作用、表達(dá)） 常用的國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋 其他國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ) 使用國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)要注意的問(wèn)題 案例分析,內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)Main points to be understood about this chapter,國(guó)際貿(mào)易述語(yǔ)概述,定義 作用 表達(dá)及解釋 相關(guān)慣例,國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的定義,也稱(chēng)價(jià)格術(shù)語(yǔ)，是在長(zhǎng)期的國(guó)

7、際貿(mào)易實(shí)踐中產(chǎn)生的，用來(lái)表示商品的價(jià)格構(gòu)成，說(shuō)明交貨地點(diǎn)，確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、責(zé)任、費(fèi)用劃分等問(wèn)題的專(zhuān)門(mén)用語(yǔ)。,貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的定義The definition of Trade Terms,The trade terms, are the short terms or abbreviations or brief English concept(3 English characters in Incoterms2000) to indicate/explain the composition/formation of the unit price and determine the (1)responsib

8、ilities/rights and obligations, (2)expenses and (3)risks borne by two parties as well as the time of the passing of the property in the goods(貨權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移).,國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的作用,交易雙方在洽談交易，訂立合同時(shí)必然考慮： 賣(mài)方在什么地方，以什么方式辦理交貨? 貨物發(fā)生損損壞或滅失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)何時(shí)由賣(mài)方轉(zhuǎn)移給買(mǎi)方? 由誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物的運(yùn)輸、保險(xiǎn)以及通關(guān)過(guò)境的手續(xù)? 由誰(shuí)承擔(dān)辦理上述事項(xiàng)時(shí)所需的各種費(fèi)用? 買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方需要交接哪些有關(guān)單據(jù)? 為解決這些問(wèn)題，貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)在實(shí)踐

9、中產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展起來(lái)。,國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的作用,有利于買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方洽商交易和訂立合同。 明確雙方的責(zé)任、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用。 有利于買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方核算價(jià)格和成本 。 便于考慮從屬費(fèi)用，便于進(jìn)行比價(jià)和成本核算。 有利于解決履約當(dāng)中的爭(zhēng)議。 如有合同中沒(méi)有規(guī)定的爭(zhēng)議，可援引貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的一般解釋來(lái)處理。 有利于其他有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)展業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)。 船公司、保險(xiǎn)公司和銀行等機(jī)構(gòu)可以依據(jù)貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的慣例的解釋開(kāi)展業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)。,貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的表達(dá)及解釋,在國(guó)際貨物貿(mào)易合同中，單價(jià)包括：計(jì)價(jià)單位、價(jià)格及貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)。 貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的縮寫(xiě)字母后面，應(yīng)寫(xiě)上規(guī)定的裝運(yùn)地（港）或目的地（港） 如：每噸1000美元 FOB上海，上海為裝運(yùn)港。 每噸1100美元CIF紐約

10、，紐約為目的港。 每噸1200美元CIP紐約希思羅機(jī)場(chǎng)，紐約希思羅機(jī)場(chǎng)為空運(yùn)目的地。,國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例International customary practices,國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例(International trade practice)，或稱(chēng)國(guó)際商業(yè)慣例(International Commercial practice)，是人們從事國(guó)際貨物買(mǎi)賣(mài)活動(dòng)應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循的重要準(zhǔn)則，也是國(guó)際貿(mào)易法的主要淵源之一。 它是在國(guó)際貿(mào)易的長(zhǎng)期實(shí)踐中逐漸形成和發(fā)展起來(lái)的一些較為明確和固定的貿(mào)易習(xí)慣和一般做法。,國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例,國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例主要有：國(guó)際商會(huì)2000年國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)INCOTERMS2000)

11、、跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)UCP500）、托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)URC522）,國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例,國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例的性質(zhì) a.國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例不是法律和國(guó)際公約，本身不具有強(qiáng)制性或約束力； b.國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例只有在一定條件下，才產(chǎn)生法律約束力，具有強(qiáng)制性；,國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例,國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例的性質(zhì) 通過(guò)國(guó)內(nèi)立法，將國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例引入國(guó)內(nèi)法中，或者在國(guó)內(nèi)法明文規(guī)定適用國(guó)際慣例。如：我國(guó)民法通則規(guī)定：“中華人民共和國(guó)法律和中華人民共和國(guó)締結(jié)或者參加的國(guó)際條約沒(méi)有規(guī)定的，可以適用國(guó)際慣例?！?通過(guò)國(guó)際立法，將國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例引入公約或條約中。 通過(guò)合同，在合同中直接引用某一國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例。 司法實(shí)踐中引用國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例。 默示適用國(guó)際

12、貿(mào)易慣例。,國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例,國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例的作用 a.如果雙方都同意采用某種慣例來(lái)約束該項(xiàng)交易，并在合同中做出明確規(guī)定時(shí)，那么這項(xiàng)約定的慣例就具有了強(qiáng)制性。 b.如果雙方對(duì)某一問(wèn)題沒(méi)有做出明確規(guī)定，也未注明該合同適用某項(xiàng)慣例，在合同執(zhí)行中發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議時(shí)，受理該爭(zhēng)議案的司法和仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)也往往會(huì)引用某一國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例進(jìn)行判決或裁決。,有關(guān)國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例,1941年美國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易定義修訂本主要用于解釋的貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)：,Ex(point of origin) 原產(chǎn)地交貨 FOB （Free On Board)（有6種變形，略） FAS （Free Along Side) FAS Vessel(named po

13、rt of shipment) 船邊交貨（指定裝運(yùn)港） C The Chinese company delivered the goods in compliance with the contract and obtained a clean on board B/L. During transportation, however, 100 metric tons of the goods got lost because of rough sea. Upon arrival of the goods, the price of the contracted goods went down

14、quickly. The buyer refused to take delivery of the goods and effect payment and claimed damages from the seller. Question: (1) Is the buyers refusal reasonable? Why? (2)How should the buyer to deal with the loss?,Case4(案例4)：,(1)It was not right for the buyer not to take delivery of the goods. In thi

15、s case, the contract concluded between the seller and the buyer was on CIF terms, according to which, the sellers responsibilities ended when he loaded the goods on board the ship and paid the freight and insurance premium; the risk separation was the side of the ship; that is to say, the risks were transferred to the buyer or the other parties concerned after the seller put the goods on board the ship. Since the docume