1、Noun Clause名詞性從句,1、本講內(nèi)容： 學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句。 2、學(xué)習(xí)要求： （1）掌握名詞性從句的種類。 （2）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞。 （3）初步學(xué)會運用名詞性從句。,名詞性從句,3、學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)： （1）本講重點： 名詞性從句的種類。 （2）本講難點： 名詞性從句的語序。,4、典型例題解析：,名詞性從句包括主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。它的功能相當(dāng)于名詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞歸納起來可分為以下三類。,在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個句子來充當(dāng),這個句子就叫名詞性從句。,什么是名詞性從句?,名詞性從句,主語從句 ( The Subjec

2、t Clause),賓語從句 ( The Object Clause),表語從句 ( The Predicative Clause),同位語從句 ( The Appositive Clause),主語從句,復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句,the people.,surprised,That,What he said what he did,主語,That he didnt know the answer,主語從句（Noun Clauses as the Subject）,定義： 用作主語的從句叫主語從句，它是名詞性從句之一。引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞有：連詞that, w

3、hether；連接代詞who, what和which；連接副詞when, where, how和why。,ks5u精品課件,1) 由what等代詞引起的主語從句： What the teacher said today was quite right. 老師今天說的話是十分正確的。,用法：,ks5u精品課件,2) 由連詞that引起的主語從句： That they are badly in need of help is quite clear. 他們急需幫助，這是十分明顯的。 但是這類句子在大多數(shù)情況下會放到整個句子的后部去，而用代詞it作形式主語。,ks5u精品課件,3) 由連接代詞或連接

4、副詞以及whether引起的主語從句。 Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided. 他們是否賣掉這所房子還沒有決定。,ks5u精品課件,4) whatever, whoever也可引導(dǎo)主語從句。 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 這里說的話都應(yīng)當(dāng)保密。 Whoever makes mistakes must correct them. 凡犯了錯誤的人都必須改正。,ks5u精品課件,注意: 上述例句中的主語從句都是放在句首, 但有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡, 避免 “頭重腳輕”, 常用

5、it 作形式主語, 而把從句放在后面。 例如: It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯了這樣一個錯誤, 真是遺憾。,ks5u精品課件,這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + adj. / n. +從句 It is a pity/shame that. 遺憾的是 It is possible that. 很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能 2) It +不及物動詞+從句 It seems/appears that. 似乎 It happened that. 碰巧,ks5u精品課件,3) It + be

6、 +過去分詞+從句 It is said that. 據(jù)說 It is known to all that. 眾所周知 It is reported that. 據(jù)報道 It is believed that. 據(jù)信;人們相信 It is suggested that. 有人建議,ks5u精品課件,It must be pointed out that. 必須指出 It has been proved that. 已證明. 如: It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed. 據(jù)信, 至少

7、有二十座樓房遭到破壞或徹底毀掉。,ks5u精品課件,5) . 用于It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that.句型中, 主語從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣, 謂語動詞用“should + 動詞原形”的形式, should有時有感情色彩。,ks5u精品課件,Tips,Put an IT at the beginning Instead of the long clause.,Never use IF instead of WHETHER here.,ks5u精品課件,practice,practise,2. _ they can solve

8、 the question is still unknown. A. If B. Which C. Whether D. What,3. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody. A. Why B. What C. That D. Who,4. _ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It,1. _ we need more practice is quite obvious. A. What

9、B. That C. When D. /,1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present 3. _ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is known. 4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,Tha

10、t,What,That,Whether,Whoever,ks5u精品課件,表語從句,復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句,That,is,the fact.,表 語,what he needs. what he gave me. why he was late. because he was ill. what has happened.,表語從句： 定義：一個從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語，這個從句就叫作表語從句?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有 be, look, remain, seem 等。,ks5u精品課件,(1) This was what Tom was readin

11、g. (2) The truth is that I have never been there. (3) It looks as if it is going to rain. (4) The reason why he was late was that he got up late. (5) This is how we overcame the difficulties. (6) That is why she was absent yesterday. (7) The house is where Lu Xun once lived.,表詞從句：,that 引導(dǎo)的表語從句 that

12、僅起連接作用，無意義，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。這種從句往往是對主句主語的內(nèi)容起進一步解釋的作用。 e.g. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.,ks5u精品課件,2. whether 引導(dǎo)的表語從句 連接詞whether起連接作用， 意為“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句) 在句中也不作何成分。 e.g. The question is whether what man will turn up in time.,3. where, when, why, how引導(dǎo)的表語從句 連接副詞

13、where, when, why, how除在句中起連接作用外，在從句中還充當(dāng)時間、地點、方式、原因狀語，本身具有詞義。 e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.,ks5u精品課件,特殊用法:,1.because 引導(dǎo)的表語從句.的結(jié)構(gòu). 2.as if / as t

14、hough引導(dǎo)的表語從句常 在連系 動詞 look , seem, sound , be , become 后面.,My anger is because you havnt finish your homework.,It seemed as if the brothers were playing a joke on Henrry.,賓語從句,復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句,He told me,the news.,that the match had been cancelled.,賓語,how much he was prepared to pay for

15、my car.,that I could have the money without delay.,how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that I could have the money without delay.,when he was leaving for Paris.,that his father was working in that school.,賓語從句,3、賓語從句,1、用作及物動詞的賓語 (1) They pretended that they were reading in the room. (2) I

16、 didnt know what they were talking about. (3) Do you know why winter is colder than summer? (4) He couldnt tell where his home was. (5) John made the boy sit still, promising that nothing would hurt him.,用作及物動詞的賓語,引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that常可省去，特別在口語中是這樣。 whether 和 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句： whether 和 if 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時可以互換使用，但下列情況用wh

17、ether不用if。,注意：,（1） 在whether or not結(jié)構(gòu)中不可用if代替whether I dont know whether or not hell come. I wonder whether it is true or not.,（2）介詞后面的賓語從句用whether，不用if.,Everything depends on whether the situation will improve. （后面要講到介詞后面的賓語從句）,(3) whether 可用在不定式前，if 則不能.,Please tell me whether to go or not.,2、用作介詞的

18、賓語從句： I was pleased by what he told me. He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says. He told of how he helped the old woman to find her missing son.,用作介詞的賓語從句：,注意：介詞的賓語從句一般不用which和if來引導(dǎo)，而要分別用what和whether來引導(dǎo)。如：,Are you sorry for what youve done? Everything depends on whether we have enough

19、experience. 不可用if,which不可以,這類形容詞常見的有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等。 (1) I am sure you looked beautiful that evening. (2) We were not surprised that he returned three days later than expected.,3、用作某些形容詞的賓語從句：,(3) Everyone was afraid that someone might find out that

20、 he could see nothing. (4) Mother was very pleased (that) her daughter had passed the entrance exams.,注意：如果賓語從句后邊還有賓語補足語，則用it作形式賓語而將賓語從句后置。如：,(1) We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. (2) He has made it clear that anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.,注意：,這種句型的謂語動詞有thin

21、k, make, feel, find, consider.,同位語從句,復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句,I, Hu Hansan, am coming back.,同位語語,The news that our team won the game made us so happy.,同位語從句,同位語從句,1. 同位語從句一般跟在某些名詞如idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等的后面，

22、用以說明或解釋該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。如: The news that his heath is failing made us sad. I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.,2. 同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開，以使整個句子結(jié)構(gòu)顯得平衡。如： He got the news from Mary that the meeting was put off.,3. 同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，但that不在從句中充當(dāng)成分，也不能省略；同位語從句也可以由whether, when, where, h

23、ow等引導(dǎo)。如： They raised the question where we should go.,4. 引導(dǎo)同位語從句表示“是否”時，只能用whether而不用if。 They raised the question whether we should go.,5. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別： 從詞類上區(qū)別：同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion等；而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞，也可以是整個句子。,Eg: The news that our team has won the final match is

24、encouraging.,Eg: The old man that/who is talking to my teacher is my grandfather.,從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別：同位語從句是名詞性從句，其作用相當(dāng)于一個名詞，是對前面的名詞作進一步解釋、說明；定語從句的作用相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，用來修飾前面的名詞、代詞或句子。,The news _ he told us yesterday is not true, but the news _ our team has won the match is true.,（that）,that,從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句中的成分上區(qū)別:有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whe

25、ther等可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句, 但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。,They raised the question how we go to Tibet.,They raised the question whether we should go.,The way that/ in which you taught me was very good,定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在從句中充當(dāng)特定的句子成分。如: I wont believe the fact that he lied to his mother. (that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，對fact進行說明, that不充當(dāng)句子成分。) I wont believe

26、 the fact (that) he told me. (that引導(dǎo)定語從句, 對fact進行限定，that在從句中充當(dāng)賓語。),I. 在空格處填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使下列定語從句和同位語從句完整。,1. This is the mountain village _ I stayed last year. 2. Ill never forget the days _ I worked together with you. 3. Please pass me the book _ cover is green.,where,when,whose,Exercises,4. Is this the re

27、ason _ he refused our offer? 5. The person to _ you spoke is a famous actor. 6. She sat on the corner of the table near the door by _ her husband always entered. 7. The white flower is the only one _ I really like.,why,whom,which,that,8. The news was very exciting _ our class had won the football ma

28、tch. 9. They are familiar with the opinion _ all matter consists of atoms. 10. The question _ we shall have a meeting hasnt been decided. 11. They told the policeman the fact _ they had nothing to do with the murder.,that,that,where / when / whether,that,12. All agreed to his suggestion _ a bridge across the river be built. 13. The question _ should