1、reading comprehension (35 minutes)directions:there are 4 reading passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the

2、 answer sheet with a single line through the center.passage onequestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:when kathie giffords face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of walmart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in new york citys china

3、town, the department of labor and the white house teamed up to condemn such practices. with much fanfare, president clintons administration launched the “no sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.;this c

4、ampaign urged manufacturers to sign the workplace code of conduct, a promise to selfregulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nations largest manufacturers, including nike and l.l. bean. however, the department of defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business

5、 that would make it the countrys 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the code of conduct. in addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.;because the department of defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping publicsec

6、tor sweatshops falls to the department of labor. federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayerfinanced contracts. but suzanne seiden, a deputy administrator at the department of labor, says that to her knowledge, the department h

7、as never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “i just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. according to records obtained by mother jones, through a freedom of information act request, the occupational safety and health administration has cited

8、 lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years.21.what is this passgage mainly concerned with?a)the functions of the department of labor in america.b)a serious problem threatening american economy.c)the successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in america.d)the seriousness of

9、 the problem of sweatshops in america.22.according to the passage, kathie gifford _.a) was one of the underpaid laborers in new york citys chinatownb) was one of the wellpaid laborers in new york citys chinatownc) made much money from cheap laborers in new york citys chinatownd) wrote a newspaper ar

10、ticle exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers23.the underlined phrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to _.a) to accept unwillinglyb) to refuse coldlyc) to welcome warmheartedlyd) to blame strongly24.which of the following statements about the department of defense is true?a) it will

11、become the countrys 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer.b) it hasnt acted according to the workplace code of conduct.c) it has demanded its contractors to sign the workplace code of conduct.d) it has teamed up with the department of labor to launch a campaign.25.what was the purpose of presiden

12、t clintons administration launching the “no sweat” campaign?a) to urge manufacturers to obey the workplace code of conduct.b) to remind the manufacturers of the workplace code of conduct.c) to urge the department of labor to take its responsibility.d) to urge the department of defense to inspect man

13、ufacturers.passage twoquestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:the term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the rockefellers, the walmart waltons, bill gates. but today, everyone-from the philadelphia firefighter, his parttime receptionist wife and their three chi

14、ldren, to the single los angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.;a portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. it may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. but those are for people with expertise. what most of us need to know about

15、 are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as moneymarket funds).;how do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.;researc

16、h by ibbotson associates, for example, shows that largecompany stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.;but shortterm risk is another matter. in 1974, a oneyear

17、 $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.;with bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower wont pay you back and that the money youll get wont be worth very much. the u.s. government stands behind treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. but the inflation

18、risk remains. say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. if inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of todays goods.;with cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your cds

19、every year (or more often). if inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.;as a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: if you dont need the money for a long time, then put it into stocks. if you need it soon, put it into bonds and cash.26.this passage is inten

20、ded to give advice on _.a) how to avoid inflation risksb) what kinds of bonds to buyc) how to get rich by investing in stock marketd) how to become richer by spreading the risk27.the author mentions such millionaires as the rockefellers and bill gates to show that _.a) they are examples for us on ou

21、r road to wealthb) a portfolio is essential to financial successc) they are really rich peopled) they started out on their own28.which of the following statements will the author support?a) everybody can get rich with some financial assets.b) the credit risk for treasury bonds is extremely high.c) i

22、ts no use trying to know the advantages of stocks, bonds and cash.d) everybody should realize the importance of distribution of their financial assets.29.the word “returns” in paragraph three can be best replaced by “_.”a) returning journeysb) profitsc) savingsd) investments30.the author of the pass

23、age points out that _.a) keeping cash is the only way to avoid risksb) the longer you own a stock, the more you lostc) the high rate of profit and high rate of risk coexist in stocksd) the best way to accumulate wealth is by investing in stockspassage threequestions 31 to 35 are based on the followi

24、ng passage:there were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied

25、on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. the influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censusesall of which led to modern descriptive statistics. from the influe

26、nce of the father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.;descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of data. these data may be either quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade levelvariable

27、s that are characterized by an underlying continuumor the data many represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type. large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reducing to comprehensibly form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass

28、 of data.;inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind. this general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample of observations. for example, a sc

29、hool superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficiency to question each

30、 child; the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the populatio

31、n.31.what is the passage mainly concerned with?a) development and application of statistics.b) origin of descriptive statistics.c) limitations of inferential statistics.d) importance of statistics.32.describing and tabulating are associated with _.a) inferential statisticsb) descriptive statisticsc)

32、 theories of probabilityd) inefficiency of counting33.which of the following statements is true about descriptive statistics?a) it combines quantitative variables and qualitative variables.b) it can be used to deal with only quantitative variables.c) it helps to summarize properties of a group of da

33、ta.d) it helps to make predictions using a sample of observations.34.the word “unwieldy” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _.a) difficult to collect b) difficult to tacklec) incomprehensived) uncontrollable35.a sample of a population is often examined for the following purposes except

34、 _.a) to make a more accurate prediction of trendb) to improve efficiency and avoid unnecessary workc) to save the trouble of approaching every membersd) to predict characteristics of the entire populationpassage fourquestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:the japanese are fascinated b

35、y automata and new inventions. japanese children are used to friendly robots in their comics, in toys, and in tv animated cartoons. when as adults they join the workforce,robots mean that there is no need to import cheap foreign labor, as happens in many other parts of the world. there is no need fo

36、r humans to put up with dirty, minddeadening mechanical work the robot does it all without complaint, around the clock. robots dont go on strike over tea breaks they dont have tea, or any other kind of breaks:they work, day and night, without having to be paid overtime, without making mistakes. huma

37、n tasks are subject to human error: robot error seldom or never occurs except as a result of human error!;in japan, robots are almost respected for their virtues. when a new robot is introduced to a small suburban factory, a shinto priest is invited to inaugurate it. he inaugurates the robot with wo

38、rds along the lines of “welcome to our coworker, we hope youll help him settle in.” no one laughs.;fanuc demonstrates the japanese tendency to conform particularly strikingly. the founder of fanuc, dr. inaba, has created an army that makes no distinction between bluecollar, whitecollar and steelcoll

39、ar worker: everyone, including the warlord himself, is dressed in yellow clothing issued free by the company. perhaps to make up for the boring nature of the work, there are a number of other company perks. company benefits, including pay, are much higher than in similar companies in japan. travel t

40、o and from work is provided free in the companys yellow buses. however, workers are expected to put in demanding unpaid “overtime.” there is a clock in the product development laboratory set to run at ten times the normal speed, the remind everyone that the company is on a war footing.;as we watched

41、 dr. inabas yellow helicopter soar away to narita airport, we couldnt help thinking that his dream of world domination in robotics and allied applications might be more elegantly achieved if he had also thought to program his robots to whistle while they work.36.according to the author, which of the

42、 following is not true to the japanese?a) robots mean there is no need to import cheap foreign labor.b) robots mean that humans neednt do dirty and noisy work.c) robots mean there are no strikes nor overtimes.d) robots mean there is no mistake in any form.37.what can be inferred form the words “he i

43、naugurates the robot with words along the lines of welcome to our coworker, we hope youll help him settle in.no one laughs.”?a) the japanese has no sense of humor while at work.b) the japanese does not understand the words of the shinto priest.c) the japanese shows a true respect for robots.d) the j

44、apanese goes too far in their respect for robots.38.which of the following is not true about fanuc?a) workers receive higher pay for working overtime.b) workers enjoy free travel to and from work.c) workers are doing boring, sometimes demanding work.d) workers are reminded of being on a war footing.

45、39.what is not implied in the following works “we couldnt help thinking that his dream of world domination in robotics and allied applications might be more elegantly achieved if he had also thought to program his robots to whistle while they work.”?a) our technology is not yet up to the needs of dr

46、. inabas dream.b) dr. inabas dream of world domination in robotics lacks humanity.c) dr. inabas dream of allied applications is too practical.d) the author is in favor of dr. inabas dream.40.what does “our coworker” refer to in the sentence “welcome to our coworker, we hope youll help him settle in?

47、”a) japanese workers who attend the inauguration.b) the introduced robot.c) the people who have invented the robot.d) japanese workers in general.part writing (30 minutes)directions:for this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: how to cope with personal crisis.you

48、 should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given in chinese below:how to deal with personal crisis1.造成個(gè)人危機(jī)的起因。2.應(yīng)對(duì)個(gè)人危機(jī)的方法。答案與詳解part passage one內(nèi)容概要:本文講述了美國“工作場所操作規(guī)范”誕生的背景和實(shí)施情況。1996年，美國一些地方和部門的低收入工人抗議血汗工廠，隨后克林頓政府發(fā)起“無血汗”運(yùn)動(dòng)，要求零售商和制造商簽署工作場所操作規(guī)范?？墒菄啦烤芙^執(zhí)行；美國勞工部作為政府部門，卻稱主要要求

49、制造商們遵守安全和衛(wèi)生規(guī)定。21.【答案】d?！咀g文】這篇文章主要講述什么？【試題分析】歸納概括題(summing up and summarizing)，這種試題要求學(xué)生能把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心大意。【詳細(xì)解答】文章從開始就講述眾多的低收入工人集體抗議工作條件，導(dǎo)致kathie gifford的服裝廠被曝光；于是克林頓政府發(fā)起“無血汗”運(yùn)動(dòng)，可是國防部拒絕簽署工作場所操作規(guī)范，勞工部卻稱該部門主要要求制造商們遵守安全和衛(wèi)生規(guī)定?？梢娒绹块T對(duì)于血汗工廠的問題存有分歧，也難以解決。所以文章的中心大意是美國血汗工廠的問題目前最嚴(yán)重的地方是美國政府對(duì)此的態(tài)度不夠統(tǒng)一和堅(jiān)決。a）太

50、偏，不是講美國勞工部的職能；b）太泛，沒有指明哪個(gè)問題，也不一定威脅到美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)；c）與文章意思相反，美國規(guī)范血汗工廠的努力并沒有成功。d）最符合文章主題。22.【答案】c?！咀g文】根據(jù)本文，kathie gifford_ ？【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題(understanding details)。這類題一般只針對(duì)文章中某一個(gè)特定的細(xì)節(jié)，也可以涉及若干個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，或者針對(duì)文章的主要事實(shí)而設(shè)問?！驹敿?xì)解答】見文章第一句話“when kathie gifford.condemn such practices.”，kathie gifford的高利潤的服裝廠曝光了，之后她于1996年在報(bào)紙上被廣泛報(bào)道。所以

51、c）為正確答案。a）和b）與本句意思不符，她不是一名工人；d）說她寫文章報(bào)道此事，也不對(duì)。23.【答案】a?！咀g文】與劃線短語“to submit to” 意思最接近的是下列哪一項(xiàng)？【試題分析】猜測詞義題(guessing at word meaning)。即運(yùn)用一些猜測生詞詞義的方法，猜測生詞的含義，以提高閱讀速度和理解能力?！驹敿?xì)解答】可以對(duì)上下文已知部分進(jìn)行邏輯的推理。前面講到克林頓發(fā)起的“無血汗”運(yùn)動(dòng)勒令零售商和制造商對(duì)車間環(huán)境進(jìn)行定期檢查，他們肯定是不情愿的，但這是總統(tǒng)的命令，所以他們就“不情愿地接受”。b）“冷冷地拒絕”；c）“熱烈地歡迎”；d）“強(qiáng)烈地譴責(zé)”均與上下文意思不符。2

52、4.【答案】b?！咀g文】下列關(guān)于國防部的陳述哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？【試題分析】分析判斷題(making an analysis and a judgment)。即根據(jù)文章中提供的事實(shí)，經(jīng)過分析、思考做出這樣或那樣的判斷選擇?！驹敿?xì)解答】這類題需要事先通讀全文，理解全文主旨，尤其是關(guān)于國防部的內(nèi)容；然后再將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較，用排除法。a）國防部是美國第14大零售服裝制造商，這與文章中retail apparel outlet（零售服裝批發(fā)商店）不符；b）它沒有按照工作場所操作規(guī)范行事，這與文章中has not signed the code of conduct正好相符；c）它要求承包商簽署工作場所操

53、作規(guī)范， 這與文章中it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.相反；d）它要求勞工部發(fā)起一場運(yùn)動(dòng)，文章中沒有提及。所以，對(duì)比分析可得知b為正確答案。25.【答案】a。【譯文】克林頓政府發(fā)起“無血汗”運(yùn)動(dòng)的目的是什么？【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解中的詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題。這種題常常是原文有關(guān)詞語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換，而不能在原文中直接找到。它要求考生能理解原文中某個(gè)短語或句子的含義，從而找到與答案意思相同的詞語和句子?！驹敿?xì)解答】文章第一段最后一句話“with much fanfare， .， their

54、 workplace conditions.”是說，克林頓政府借此小題大做，以勒令制造商們對(duì)車間環(huán)境進(jìn)行定期檢查。關(guān)鍵詞有pressure（強(qiáng)制，壓迫，勒令），to submit to（屈服，服從）。第二段第一句話“this campaign urged manufacturers to sign the conduct.”更加直接說明了這場運(yùn)動(dòng)的目的，即讓他們簽署并執(zhí)行這一規(guī)范。故a）為正確答案。passage two內(nèi)容概要:本文介紹了大眾化投資的三種渠道，并分析了每種渠道的基本特征和適用對(duì)象。第一種是股票投資，回報(bào)豐厚，但風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大；第二種是債券投資，回報(bào)稍少，但風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也較小，主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是借債

55、人不還和通貨膨脹；第三種是投資現(xiàn)金，回報(bào)較少，通貨膨脹影響也較小?；驹瓌t是：如果你長期不需要用錢，就投資股票；如果你短期內(nèi)要用錢，就投資債券和現(xiàn)金。26.【答案】d?！咀g文】文章的目的是給_提供建議？【試題分析】歸納概括題。需要考生總結(jié)歸納短文(段落)的主題(subject)，中心思想(main idea)，標(biāo)題(title)或作者的寫作目的(purpose)?！驹敿?xì)解答】通讀全文后可知，本文主要介紹了投資的三種渠道，并分析了每種渠道的利弊（即風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度），如何降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來投資致富，即d所指“如何降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來致富”。a）“如何避免通貨膨脹風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，過于片面；b）“買入哪種債券”，不是文章的主題；c）

56、“如何通過投資股票市場致富”，也過于片面。所以d）為正確答案，可以概括文章中心思想。27.【答案】d?！咀g文】作者提及洛克菲勒、比爾蓋茨這樣的百萬富翁是想說明_？【試題分析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章某一部分內(nèi)容推理出作者的言外之意。需要找準(zhǔn)、讀懂這部分內(nèi)容，并分析與文章其它部分之間的聯(lián)系和作用?！驹敿?xì)解答】第一段最后一句話，“but today， .， starting out on his own needs a portfolio.”這是講的今天每個(gè)人都可以根據(jù)自己的需要進(jìn)行證券投資；推到前面一句，那么前面提及的百萬富翁也都是根據(jù)自己的需要開始證券投資而致富的。a）“他們是我們邁向致富之路的榜

57、樣”，不具體，沒有說明如何致富；b）“證券投資對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)成功很關(guān)鍵”，這句話本身是正確的，但與第一段表達(dá)的意思不一致；c）“他們確實(shí)很富?！保膊皇堑谝欢嗡胍磉_(dá)的意思。d）“他們是從自己開始做起的”，這正是第一段所要表達(dá)的意思，即這些百萬富翁是從自己做起開始致富的，而現(xiàn)在每個(gè)人都可以這樣做，緊接著引入下面的投資指南。28.【答案】d?！咀g文】作者贊同下列哪一項(xiàng)陳述？【試題分析】分析判斷題?？忌M量考慮文中的全部信息或事實(shí)，在通盤理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上去分析每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的正誤?！驹敿?xì)解答】這類題應(yīng)在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，著重比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，采取排除法。a）“只要有一些財(cái)產(chǎn)，每個(gè)人都可以致富”，憑常識(shí)判斷這句話本身就不對(duì)，更與作者想要介紹投資渠道的必要性和方法相悖；b）“購買國債的信譽(yù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極高”，這句話與“the u.s. government stands behind treasury bonds， so the credit risk is almost nil.”意思完全相反；c）“了解股票、債券和現(xiàn)金的優(yōu)勢并無用處”，這與作者的觀點(diǎn)相反；d）“每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該意識(shí)到金融財(cái)產(chǎn)重新分配的重要性?！边@正是第一段作者所說的“每個(gè)人都可以根據(jù)自己的需要采用不同的投資方式致富”的前提。故選d）。29.【答案】b?！咀g文】第三段中的“retur