1、.,1,Of Studies 翻譯與鑒賞,Lectured by Zhu Jianping,.,2,作者簡介、主要內(nèi)容和文體風(fēng)格,1.作者簡介 Francis Bacon (1561-1626)：文藝復(fù)興時期英國著名哲學(xué)家和散文家；英國唯物主義哲學(xué)奠基人，近代實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)的先驅(qū)；崇尚科學(xué)，提倡從研究事實(shí)中歸納出結(jié)論，反對從概念到概念的演繹。 2. 主要內(nèi)容 1）讀書的作用； 2）讀書的方法。 3. 文體風(fēng)格 1）多排句、類比、短句、省略句； 2）文字緊湊簡潔，文句機(jī)智精辟，分析周密深刻，“頗似我國唐宋某些古文大師的風(fēng)格” 3）格言警句俯拾即是 4）文詞古雅,.,3,1,Studies serve

2、for1 delight, for ornament2, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring3; for ornament, is in discourse4; and for ability, is in the judgement, and disposition of business5. 釋義 1 serve for起作用，被用作（serve the purpose of study） 2 ornament裝飾/裝飾品；此處指多讀書可以旁征博引，顯得有才學(xué)。 3 pri

3、vateness私有/秘密/不公開/(地方等)隔絕/隱蔽/幽僻 retiring =retirement退休/職/役；離群索居/孑然獨(dú)處 privateness and retiring 幽居獨(dú)處 4 discourse演講/講道；談話/交談 5 disposition (安排/布置/處理management) of business(事情/事務(wù)),.,4,Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; f

4、or ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement, and disposition of business. 譯文1：讀書給人樂趣、文雅和能力。人們獨(dú)居或退隱的時候，最能體會到讀書的樂趣；談話的時候，最能表現(xiàn)出讀書的文雅；判斷和處理事物的時候，最能發(fā)揮由讀書而獲得的能力。 譯文2：讀書可以怡情養(yǎng)性，可以摭1拾文采，可以增長才干。在幽居獨(dú)處時，最能體現(xiàn)其怡情養(yǎng)性的作用；在友朋交談中，最能體現(xiàn)其摭拾文采的作用；在處世論事之際，最能體現(xiàn)其增長才干的作用。 譯文3：讀書足以怡情，足以傅2彩，足以長才。其怡情也，最見于獨(dú)

5、處幽居之時；其傅彩也，最見于高談闊論之中；其長才也，最見于處世判事之際。 1摭(zh)：拾取/摘取(pick up; gather) 2傅：涂抹（如“傅粉”）,.,5,2,For expert men1 can execute 2, and perhaps judge of particulars3, one by one; but the general counsels4, and the plots, and marshalling of affairs5, come best from those that are learned. 1專家/能手/內(nèi)行/閱歷豐富的人 2 carry o

6、ut/perform an action; to put into effect執(zhí)行 3 a separate case or an individual thing or instance, especially one that can be distinguished from a larger category or class. Often used in the plural細(xì)節(jié)/部分/個別問題 4 counsel: something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action忠告/

7、勸告/建議 general counsel總的計劃/大計 5plots: a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal(秘密)計劃/密謀/謀劃/出謀劃策 marshal: arrange in logical order; make ready for action or use安排/使準(zhǔn)備行動/統(tǒng)率/管理 affairs事務(wù) the plots, and marshalling of affairs對事務(wù)的計劃和安排,.,6,For expert men1 can execute 2, a

8、nd perhaps judge of particulars3, one by one; but the general counsels4, and the plots, and marshalling of affairs5, come best from those that are learned. 譯文1：那些有實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)而沒有學(xué)識的人，也許能夠一一實(shí)行或判斷某些事物的細(xì)微末節(jié)，但對于事業(yè)的一般指導(dǎo)、籌劃與處理，還是真正有學(xué)問的人才能勝任。 譯文2：閱歷豐富的人雖能逐一判斷或處理 具體問題，但出謀劃策，統(tǒng)籌全局，唯有博學(xué)之士最能勝任。 譯文3：練達(dá)之士雖能分別處理細(xì)事或一一判別枝節(jié)，

9、然縱觀統(tǒng)籌、全局策劃，則舍好學(xué)深思者莫屬。,.,7,3,To spend too much time in studies, is sloth1; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation2; to make judgement wholly by their rules3, is the humour4 of a scholar. 1懶散/懶惰 2裝模作樣/故弄玄虛/矯揉造作矯情 3完全按規(guī)則/規(guī)章/規(guī)定/條例；完全按書本的條條框框 4a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary

10、) state of feeling心境/情緒/性情/脾氣（古義），此處指怪癖,.,8,To spend too much time in studies, is sloth1; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation2; to make judgement wholly by their rules3, is the humour4 of a scholar. 譯文1：耗費(fèi)過多時間去讀便是遲滯，過分用學(xué)問自炫便是矯揉造作，而全憑學(xué)理判斷一切，則是書呆子的癖好。 譯文2：讀書費(fèi)時過多則懶散；過于追求文采顯得矯揉造作；全憑書中條條框框論

11、事，未免書生氣過重。 譯文3：讀書費(fèi)時過多易惰，文采藻飾太盛則矯，全憑條文斷事乃學(xué)究故態(tài)。,.,9,4,They1 perfect2 nature3, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities4 are like natural plants, that need proyning5 by study; and studies themselves do give forth 6 directions too much at large7, except8 they1 be bounded in9 by experience.

12、 1= studies 2使完美/完善/改善 3天然/天性/性格/性質(zhì) 4天生的能力 5proyning(古)=pruning=cultivation修剪枝葉/栽培 6 give forth發(fā)出(氣味)/發(fā)表(意見等) 7(too much)at large (過于)籠統(tǒng)/含糊/任意/不著邊際/不具體 8(古義)=unless 9bound(vt.)：限制/制約 be bounded in (adv.)=be checked限制,.,10,They1 perfect2 nature3, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities

13、4 are like natural plants, that need proyning5 by study; and studies themselves do give forth 6 directions too much at large7, except they be bounded in8 by experience. 譯文1：學(xué)問能美化 人性，經(jīng)驗(yàn)又能充實(shí)學(xué)問。天生的植物需要人工修剪，人類的本性也需要學(xué)問誘導(dǎo)，而學(xué)問本身又必須以經(jīng)驗(yàn)來規(guī)范，否則便太迂闊了。 譯文2：須知讀書固可補(bǔ) 天然 之不足，而經(jīng)驗(yàn)又補(bǔ)讀書之不足。因?yàn)樘焐鸥瑟q如天然花木，需靠讀書修枝剪葉。而書本知識如不以

14、經(jīng)驗(yàn)相制約，其教導(dǎo)也難免過于籠統(tǒng)。 譯文3：讀書 補(bǔ) 天然 之不足，經(jīng)驗(yàn)又補(bǔ)讀書之不足，蓋天生才干猶如自然花草，讀書然后知如何修剪移接；而書中所示，如不以經(jīng)驗(yàn)范之，則又大而無當(dāng)。,.,11,5,Crafty men1 condemn studies, simple men2 admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use3; but that4 is a wisdom without5 them6, and above them, won by observation. 1有手藝的人/有一技之長的人/掌握

15、了技術(shù)的人 2遲鈍的人/頭腦簡單的人/無知的人/淺薄的人 3 they=studies；學(xué)問本身并不教人如何使用它們 4= their own use書本的用處 5=outside 6=studies書本/學(xué)問,.,12,Crafty men1 condemn studies, simple men 2 admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use 3; but that4 is a wisdom without5 them6, and above them, won by observation. 譯

16、文1：技巧的人輕視學(xué)問，淺薄的人驚服學(xué)問，聰明的人卻能利用學(xué)問。因?yàn)閷W(xué)問本身并不曾把它的用途教給人，至于如何去應(yīng)用它，那是在學(xué)問 之外，超越學(xué)問之上、由觀察而獲得的一種聰明呢！ 譯文2：有實(shí)際才干的人鄙薄書本；頭腦簡單的人羨慕書本；只有聰明人才會運(yùn)用書本。因?yàn)闀旧聿⒉唤倘巳绾芜\(yùn)用，運(yùn)用之道，乃在書 外，且高于書本，唯有通過觀察才能學(xué)到。 譯文3：有一技之長者鄙讀書，無知者羨讀書，唯明智之士用讀書，然書并不以用處告人，用書之智 不在 書 中，而在書外，全憑觀察得之。,.,13,6,Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and t

17、ake for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. 譯文1：讀書不是為著要辯駁，也不是要盲目信從，更不是去找尋談話的資料，而是要去權(quán)衡和思考。 譯文2：讀書時不可存心與作者辯難，不可以輕信盲從，也不可尋章摘句，作為談助，而須權(quán)衡與琢磨。 譯文3：讀書時不可存心詰難作者，不可盡信書上所言，亦不可只為尋章摘句，而應(yīng)推敲細(xì)思。,.,14,7,Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed an

18、d digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously1; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy 2, and extracts made of them by others3; but that would be4, only in the less important argumen

19、ts, and the meaner sort of book; else5 distilled books6 are like common distilled waters, flashy7 things. 1(古義)=attentively/carefully 2由人代讀; deputy: a person appointed or empowered to act for another代理人 3=you may read the extracts made of them by others 4=ought to be 5=or else否則 6指別人摘錄或重述的書 7giving

20、a momentary or superficial impression of brilliance浮華/虛飾/炫耀一時/華而不實(shí)的,.,15,Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously1; and some few to be read wholly, and with dili

21、gence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy2, and extracts made of them by others3; but that would be4, only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of book; else5 distilled books6 are like common distilled waters, flashy things. 譯文1：有的書只需淺嘗，有的書可以狼吞，有的書要細(xì)嚼爛咽，慢慢消化。也就是說，有的書

22、只需選讀，有的書只需瀏覽，有的書卻必須全部精讀。有的書不必去讀原本，讀讀它們的節(jié)本就夠了，但這僅限于內(nèi)容不太重要的二流書籍；否則，刪節(jié)過的往往就像蒸餾水一樣，淡而無味。 譯文2：有的書淺嘗即可，有的書可以狼吞虎咽，少數(shù)書籍則需咀嚼消化。換言之，有的書只須閱讀一部分，另一些讀時可不求甚解，但少數(shù)則須通讀，且須勤勉而專心。有的書也可以請人代讀，然后讀其所作摘要；但僅限于題材比較次要以及比較尋常的書。否則書經(jīng)提煉猶如水經(jīng)蒸餾，成為淡而無味的東西。 譯文3：書有可淺嘗者，有可吞食者，少數(shù)則須咀嚼消化。換言之，有只須讀其部分者，有只須大體涉獵者，少數(shù)則須全讀，讀時須全神貫注，孜孜不倦。書亦可請人代讀，取

23、其所作摘要，但只限題材較次或價值不高者，否則書經(jīng)提煉猶如水經(jīng)蒸餾、淡而無味矣。,.,16,8,Reading maketh a full man1; conference2 a ready man3; and writing4 an exact man5. 1充實(shí)的人 2會議/討論/商談 3(思維)敏捷的人 4做筆記或札記 5準(zhǔn)確/精確/嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)/嚴(yán)格的人,.,17,Reading maketh a full man1; conference2 a ready man3; and writing an exact man4. 譯文1：讀書使人淵博，辯論使人機(jī)敏，寫作使人精細(xì)。 譯文2：讀書使人充實(shí)

24、，討論使人機(jī)敏，作筆記使人精確。 譯文3：讀書使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)智，筆記使人準(zhǔn)確。,.,18,9,And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have1 a great memory; if he confer2 little, he had need have a present3 wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning 4, to seem to know that5 he doth not. 1=ought to have應(yīng)該有 2商談/商議/商討 3(古

25、)即可可用/應(yīng)急/隨時在手邊的 a present wit機(jī)智/急智/急才 4狡猾/奸詐 5=what,.,19,And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have1 a great memory; if he confer2 little, he had need have a present3 wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning4, to seem to know that5 he doth not. 譯文1：如果一個人很少寫作，他就需要有很強(qiáng)的記憶力；

26、如果他很少辯論，就需要有急智；如果他很少讀書，就需要很狡猾，對自己不懂的事情，假裝知道。 譯文2：不常作筆記的人須有很強(qiáng)的記憶力，不常討論的人須有急智，不常讀書的人則須十分乖巧，方能不知而佯作知之。 譯文3：因此不常作筆記者須記憶特強(qiáng)，不常討論者須天生聰穎，不常讀書者須欺世有術(shù)，始能無知而顯有知。,.,20,10,Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile1; natural philosophy2 deep; moral3 grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend4. A

27、beunt studia in mores5. 1 (古)=subtle 2(古)自然科學(xué) 3 =moral philosophy倫理學(xué) 4爭奪/競爭/辯論/據(jù)理力爭 5(拉)培根自己的解釋：Studies have an influence upon the manners of those that are conversant in (了解/熟悉) them.(專心學(xué)問者，性格也受陶冶),.,21,Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile1; natural philosophy2 deep; moral3

28、 grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend4. Abeunt studia in mores5. 譯文1：歷史使人聰明，詩歌使人富于想象，數(shù)學(xué)使人精確，自然哲學(xué)使人深刻，倫理學(xué)使人莊重，邏輯學(xué)和修辭學(xué)使人善辯?？傊x書能陶冶個性。 譯文2：讀歷史使人明智，讀詩使人機(jī)靈，數(shù)學(xué)使人周密，自然科學(xué)使人深刻，倫理學(xué)使人莊重，邏輯與修辭使人能言善辯。專心致學(xué)者，性格也受陶冶。 譯文3：讀史使人明智，讀詩使人靈秀，數(shù)學(xué)使人周密，科學(xué)使人深刻，倫理學(xué)使人莊重，邏輯修辭之學(xué)使人善辯：凡有所學(xué)，皆成性格。,.,22,11,Nay1, there is no stond

29、2 or impediment in the wit3, but4 may be wrought out5 by fit studies: like as6 diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins7; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. 1不僅如此 2(古)=hindrance/sto

30、ppage阻礙 3=in the mind; wit心智 4=that not (關(guān)系代詞) 5=be worked out得到解決 6 =as 7 睪丸和腎臟；一解“結(jié)石(病)和腎”,.,23,Nay1, there is no stond2 or impediment in the wit3, but4 may be wrought out5 by fit studies: like as6 diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins7; shoot

31、ing for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. 譯文1：不僅如此，讀書并且可以鏟除一切心理上的障礙，正如適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動能夠矯治身體上的一些疾病一般。例如：滾球游戲有益于腎臟；射箭有益于胸肺；散步有益于腸胃；騎馬有益于頭部等等。 譯文2：心智方面的種種障礙，無不可讀適當(dāng)之書加以排除，正如身體百病，皆可以適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動治療。滾球利睪腎，射箭利胸肺，慢步利腸胃，騎術(shù)利頭腦，諸如此類。 譯文3：人之才智但有滯礙，無不可讀適當(dāng)之書使之順暢，一如身體百病，皆可借相宜之運(yùn)

32、動除之。滾球利睪腎，射箭利胸肺，慢步利腸胃，騎術(shù)利頭腦，諸如此類。,.,24,12,So if a mans wit1 be wandering2, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations3, if his wit be called away4 never5 so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen6; for they are cymini sectores7. If he be not apt to beat over matters8, and to call up one thing, to prove and illustrate another9, let him study the lawyers cases; so every defect of the mind m