1、醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌),1,Breast Cancer,乳腺癌,醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌),2, Pink Ribbon has been as the world recognized identification Breast cancer prevention activities , publicity for early prevention, early detection, early treatment this information. “粉紅絲帶”作為全球乳腺癌防治活動的公認(rèn)標(biāo)識，用于宣傳“及早預(yù)防，及早發(fā)現(xiàn)，及早治療

2、” .,The Pink Ribbon,醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌),3,Breast Cancer Today In China,China is one of the countries with lower incidence of breast cancer(中國是乳腺癌低發(fā)病率的國家之一), But in recent years, the incidence increased significantly(但近年來發(fā)病率出現(xiàn)了引人注目的增長), An annual(每年的) increase of 3% to 4%, More than 1 to 2% of

3、 the world level, The incidence rate is one of the women most susceptible to tumor(發(fā)病率為女性易患腫瘤第一位).,The incidence of breast cancer from age 40 to 60 years generally, But chinese patients with early age of onset, The 45-year-old is the maximum age of sickness.(乳腺癌的好發(fā)年齡為4060歲，但我國患者發(fā)病年齡提前，45歲為發(fā)病最高峰),醫(yī)學(xué)英

4、語疾病介紹Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌),4,Hormonal influence(激素影響): Long duration of reproductive life(育齡的長時間持續(xù)) Nulliparity(,nliprti未產(chǎn)婦) Late age at first child(老齡生育) Functioning ovarian(veri:n) tumor(卵巢腫瘤影響) Fibrocystic disease(乳腺纖維囊性病) Radiation exposure(射線照射) Obesity(肥胖) Genetic predisposition遺傳傾向),Causes And R

5、isk Factors Outline,醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌),5,The most obvious risk factor for breast cancer is being a woman. Men get the disease, too, but it is about 100 times more common in women. Other top risk factors include being over age 55 or having a close relative(有親緣關(guān)系) who has had the disease. But

6、keep in mind that up to 80% of women with breast cancer have no family history of the illness (80%的乳腺癌患者 并無家族病史).,Causes And Risk Factors Breast Cancer: Why Me?,醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌),6,Being overweight(過度肥胖), getting too little exercise(極少鍛煉), and drinking more than one alcoholic beverage per d

7、ay(每天喝超過一定量的含酒精飲料) can raise the risk of developing breast cancer. Birth control pills(避孕藥) and some forms of postmenopausal(pst,menpzl) hormone therapy(某些形式的絕經(jīng)后激素療法) can also boost your risk(提高發(fā)病幾率). Recent studies suggest that physical activity(體育活動) may help lower the risk of a recurrence(降低復(fù)發(fā)率)

8、and its a proven mood-booster(被公認(rèn)為“愉悅情緒激發(fā)器”).,Causes And Risk Factors Risk Factors in Your Control,醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌),7,Breast Anatomy,醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌),8,outer upper quadrant (外上四分之一區(qū)域) 50%,Central zone(中心區(qū)域) 20%,10% outer lower quadrant (外下四分之一區(qū)域),10% inner lower quadrant (內(nèi)下四分之一區(qū)

9、域),inner upper quadrant (內(nèi)上四分之一區(qū)域) 10%,Breast Anatomy Site(發(fā)病部位):,醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌),9,There are often no symptoms of early breast cancer, but sometimes women may discover a breast problem on their own. Signs and symptoms to be aware of may include: A painless lump(無痛的腫物) in the breast. Chan

10、ges in breast size or shape(乳房大小和形狀改變). Swelling in the armpit(mpt). (腋窩處隆起) Nipple changes or discharge. (乳頭變化 或出現(xiàn)非生理性泌乳),Symptoms,醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌),10,Signs and tests,Tests used to diagnose and monitor patients with breast cancer(用于診斷和監(jiān)控乳腺癌患者的試驗(yàn)) may include: Mammography(乳房X線攝影術(shù)) to scree

11、n for breast cancer(顯示乳腺癌病灶) or help identify the breast lump.(幫助辨別乳房腫物) The earlier breast cancer is found, the easier it is to treat. And mammograms, X-rays of the breast, can detect tumors(能夠探測腫瘤) before they are large enough to feel(在它們生長到足夠大以至于可以被感覺到之前).,醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌),11,Signs and

12、tests,Breast MRI(乳房核磁共振成像) to help better identify the breast lump(幫助更好地辨別乳房腫物的性質(zhì)) or evaluate(vljet) an abnormal change on a mammogram(評估乳房造影攝片上可見的異常改變) Breast ultrasound(ltrsand)(乳房超聲檢測) to show whether the lump is solid(固態(tài)的) or fluid-filled(充滿液體的), An ultrasound can help determine the presence of

13、 cysts, fluid-filled sacs that are not cancer(超聲檢測可以幫助判定病灶區(qū)包囊的出現(xiàn)和充滿液體的囊并非都是癌癥改變).,MRI: Magnetic(mgnetk) Resonance(rez()nns) Imaging 核磁共振成像,醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌),12,Signs and tests,The only sure way to determine whether a lump is cancer is to do a biopsy(baps)(活體組織切片檢查). This involves taking a t

14、issue sample for further examination in the lab, sometimes through a small needle(通過細(xì)小針頭抽取). Sometimes surgery is done to take part of or the entire lump for testing(手術(shù)切除部分腫物送檢). The results will show whether the lump is cancer, and if so, what type.(活檢結(jié)果會顯示腫 物是否為癌癥，如果是還 可以判定它的型別),醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_Can

15、cer(乳腺癌),13,First, dont panic(首先不要恐慌). Eighty percent of breast lumps are not cancerous(80%的乳房腫塊并不是癌性的). Lumps often turn out to be harmless cysts(常常被證明是無害的囊腫) or tissue changes related to your menstrual(menstrl) cycle(或是與你的月經(jīng)周期相關(guān)的組織改變). But you should let your doctor know right away if you find any

16、thing unusual(不尋常的) in your breast. If it is cancer, the earlier its found the better. And if its not, testing can give you peace of mind.,Signs and tests What If You Find a Lump?,醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌),14,There are many types of breast cancer surgery, from taking out the area around the lump (l

17、umpectomy(lmpktmi)(乳房腫瘤切除術(shù)) or breast-conservation(knsve()n)(保留) surgery(乳腺癌保乳治療) to removing the entire breast (mastectomy(mstektm)(外科全乳房切除術(shù)).) Its best to discuss the pros and cons(各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)) of each of these procedures(prsi:d)(流程) with your doctor before deciding whats right for you.,Treatment Surge

18、ry,醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌),15,Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells(用高能量的射線殺傷癌細(xì)胞). It may be used after breast cancer surgery to wipe out any cancer cells that remain(通常在乳腺癌手術(shù)之后采用放射療法來清除任何殘存的癌細(xì)胞). It can also be used along with chemothera

19、py(與化療一同使用) for treatment of cancer that has spread to other parts of the body(針對已經(jīng)擴(kuò)散到身體其他 部位的乳腺癌). Side effects can include(副作用包括)fatigue and swelling(水腫) or a sunburn-like feeling in the treated area(治療局部有烈日 灼燒感).,Treatment Additional Treatments,醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌),16,Treatment Additional T

20、reatments,Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells anywhere in the body(化療使用藥物來殺傷體內(nèi)任何部位的癌細(xì)胞). The drugs are often given by IV(intravenous injection通常采用靜脈注射), but are sometimes taken by mouth(有時也經(jīng)口服). Chemotherapy may be done after surgery to lower the odds(優(yōu)勢，幾率) o

21、f the cancer coming back(術(shù)后進(jìn)行化療可以降低癌癥的復(fù)發(fā)率). In women with advanced breast cancer(處于 進(jìn)展期乳腺癌的婦女), chemotherapy can help control the cancers growth(化療可以 幫助控制腫瘤的生長). Side effects(副作用) may include hair loss(脫發(fā)), nausea (ns; -z-)(惡心), fatigue (疲勞), and a higher risk of infection(更易受細(xì)菌感染).,醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_C

22、ancer(乳腺癌),17,Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer Hormone therapy is an effective treatment for women with ER-positive or PR-positive breast cancer(激素療法對ER陽性或PR陽性乳腺癌十分有效). These are cancers that grow more rapidly in response to the hormones estrogen or progesterone(即指對雌激素和孕酮的反應(yīng)具有生長加速作用的乳腺腫瘤). Hormone

23、therapy can block this effect(激素療法可以阻斷這個效應(yīng)). It is most often used after breast cancer surgery to help keep the cancer from coming back. It may also be used to reduce the chance of breast cancer developing in women who are at high risk (激素療法同樣也能減少乳腺癌 易感婦女的患病幾率).,Treatment Additional Treatments,醫(yī)學(xué)英語疾病介紹Breast_Cancer(乳腺癌),18,Targeted Drugs(靶向藥物治療) for Breast Cancer Targeted therapies(靶向藥物療法) are newer drugs(新藥) that target specific properties within cancer cells(具有攻擊癌細(xì)胞的特性). For example, women with HER2-positive breast cancer have too much of a pr