1、grammar,a taste of english humour,動名詞的形式,translate the following sentences into chinese. 1. talking to him is talking to a wall. 2. smoking may cause cancer.,對他說話等于對牛彈琴。,吸煙會致癌。,-ing形式作主語和賓語的用法,revision,3. walking is my sole exercise. 4. talking mends no holes. 5. i suggest bringing the meeting to an

2、 end.,散步是我唯一的運動。,（諺）空談無濟于事。,我建議結(jié)束會議。,6. he admitted taking the money. 7. i couldnt help laughing. 8. your coat needs brushing.,他承認(rèn)錢是他拿的。,我禁不住笑了起來。,你的大衣需要刷一下。,一. 作主語 動名詞作主語時，句子有三種形式： 動名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。 1) 捉弄別人是我們?nèi)f萬不能干的. _ is something we should never do 2) 學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對我來說非常重要。 _ is very important for me,play

3、ing tricks on others,learning new words,用形式主語it，把真正的主語動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。如：,2) 和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。 _ with shylock 3) 想再解釋一次有好處嗎? _ 4) 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。 _,it is useless arguing,is it any good trying to explain?,it is pleasant working with you,常用-i

4、ng形式作主語的句型有： it +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪費時間的 it is/was no good/use doing 做是沒用處的 it is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的, 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于“it is impossible to do ” 如： 無法知道他什么時候離開。 there was _ when he would leave.,no knowing,二. 動名詞作賓語有兩種情況。一是有些動詞只能后接動名詞作賓語；二是有些動詞既可后接動名詞也可后接不定式作賓語。 只能后接動

5、名詞作賓語的動詞, 常見的有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practice, cannot stand等。如：,1) 我不能不去。 i cant avoid going 2) 你是否考慮過找一位摯友? have you considered _ one special friend? 3) 我們必須設(shè)法避免犯同樣的錯誤。 we must try to _ the same mistake,looking for,av

6、oid repeating,4) 晚飯后你想和我一起散步嗎? do you _ with me after supper? 5)人們?nèi)滩蛔〕靶δ莻€愚蠢的人。 people _ foolish man 這類動詞還有：excuse, fancy, give up, put off, risk等。,feel like having a walk,couldnt help laughing at that,既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞，常見的有：begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, mean, forget, remember, hate等。

7、a. 在like, love, hate, prefer等動詞之后，用-ing或不定式意義上沒有什么不同，只是側(cè)重點有些不同，動名詞表示泛指的動作，不定式表示具體的一次性動作。,b. 在begin/start, continue之后，用動名詞和不定式，意義無甚區(qū)別，尤其是當(dāng)主語是人的時候。 c. 在動詞forget，remember，regret之后，用動名詞與不定式意義不同。動名詞表示動作先于謂語發(fā)生，不定式表示后于謂語動作，如：,i remember posting the letter 我記得我已把信寄了。 2) ill remember to post the letter 我會記著去

8、寄信的。 3) i shall never forget seeing the famous writer _,我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記見到過那位著名作家。,4) dont forget to write to your mother _ 5) 我真后悔沒趕上那次報告會。 _ 6) 我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。 _,不要忘了給你母親寫信。,i regret missing the report,i regret to say i cant take your advice,d. 在try，mean之后，意義各不相同，如try to do (設(shè)法)，try doing (試試)，mean to do

9、 (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味著)。如： 1) 我們必須設(shè)法及時把一切搞好。 we must try to get everything done in time.,2) 我們用別的方法做這工作試試。 lets try doing the working in some other way. 3) i didnt mean to make you angry. _ 4) your plan would mean spending hours. _,我并不想叫你生氣。,你的計劃意味著要花費幾個小時。,e. go on doing 和 go on to do go on

10、 doing 繼續(xù)做一直在做的事；go on to do 接著做另一件事。如： 1) 請接著做這同一個練習(xí)。 _ the same exercise 2) 請做另外一個練習(xí)。 _ the other exercise,please go on doing,please go on to do,f. stop doing與stop to do: stop doing 停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如： 1) 我們停止了交談。_ 2) 我們停了下來去談話。_,we stopped talking,we stopped to talk,一、-ing形式作定語 1. buil

11、ding materials = materials for building 建筑材料 drinking water = water for drinking 飲用水 a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖,-ing形式作定語, 賓語補足語和表語的用法,2. they lived in a room facing the street. = they lived in a room that faces the street. 他們住在一間面朝街的房子。 the man standing there is peters father. = the m

12、an who is standing there is peters father. 站在那兒的那個人是彼得的父親。,anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在這條河里游泳的任何一個人都會被罰款。,3. -ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定語，相當(dāng)于一個非限制性定語從句，這時，它與句子其他部分用逗號分開。如： his brother, working as a teacher, lives in beijing. = his broth

13、er, who is working as a teacher, lives in beijing. 他那個當(dāng)教師的哥哥住在北京。,the apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = the apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵蘋果樹碩果累累，在微風(fēng)中輕輕搖曳。,二、-ing形式作賓語補足語 1. when we returned to the school, we found

14、 a stranger standing at the entrance. 當(dāng)我們回到學(xué)校時, 發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人站在大門口。 we found the snake eating the eggs. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)蛇正在吃雞蛋。 i found a bag lying on the ground. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上放著一個包。,2 they found the result very satisfying. = the result is found very satisfying. 這個結(jié)果很令人滿意。 they heard him singing in the next room. = he was h

15、eard singing in the next room. 有人聽到他在隔壁房間唱歌,2. 能用-ing形式作賓語補足語的幾類動詞: 1). we saw a light burning in the window. i felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.,can you smell anything burning? as he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously. listen to the birds singing. i didnt notice him waiti

16、ng.,2). i wont have you doing that. this set me thinking. im sorry to have kept you waiting. i cant get the clock going again. you wont catch me doing that again.,3). see, hear, feel, watch等動詞之后用-ing形式和動詞不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別： we passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment. 我們走過教室，看見老師

17、在做實驗。 （只在走過教室的剎那間，看見老師 正在做實驗）, 前者表示動作正在進(jìn)行，而后者表示 （或強調(diào)）動作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。如:,we sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我們坐了一個小時，看老師做實驗。 （一個小時之內(nèi)一直在看老師作實驗） 如果賓語補足語是短暫性動詞，動詞不定式短語表示一次動作， 而-ing形式則表示反復(fù)動作。如： we heard the door slam. we heard the door slamming.,(反復(fù)動作),(一次動作),三、-ing形式作表語 her hobby i

18、s painting. 她的業(yè)余愛好是畫畫。 my job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。,point out the usage of the ing form. 1. do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road? sliding, bumping, falling,作賓語補足語,exercises,2.

19、 he became famous for using a particular form of acting, including mime and farce. using 作介詞for的 _ including作 _,賓語,狀語,3. but he was lived by all who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him. overcoming作_,介詞賓語,4. that was th

20、e problem facing charlie chaplin in one of his most famous films. facing 作_ 5. he loved it by using nonverbal humor. using 作_,定語,介詞賓語,6. their job is “panning for gold”. panning 作_ 7. finally he tries cutting and eating the bottom of the shoe. cutting, eating 作_,表語,賓語,please read the sentences caref

21、ully, trying to pick out the errors and then correct them. 1. i am looking forward to visit charlie chaplin museum in switzerland next week.,visiting,2. many people still enjoy seeing charlie chaplins silent films. 3. charlies nonverbal humor often makes people bursting with laughter.,burst,5. we ar

22、e all fond of charlies early films, which we think are more interested. 6. i missed to see the beginning of the film city lights the other day. 7. i wouldnt mind to see the gold rush again with you tonight.,interesting,seeing,seeing,8. charlies job was entertain people, wasnt he?,entertaining,從a、b、c、d四個選項中，選出可以 填入空白處的最佳選項。 1. the next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. (2011新課標(biāo)全國卷) a. rose b. rising c. to rise d.