1、閱讀理解試題分析與答題技巧之：,主旨大意型,一、題型特點,主旨大意類題型主要測試學生對文章全面理解和概括的能力，提問的內容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意。一般不易在文中直接找到答案。,二、題干表現形式：,1). 主題型主旨大意題的題干表現形式: The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about The passage is mainly discusses Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? W

2、hat is the passage mainly about? 2). 目的類主旨大意題 The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to The passage is meant to . The purpose of this article is to 3). 標題類主旨大意題 The best title for the passage might be The best title for the passage would be,4,三、應試技巧,1、確定主題句； 2、文章“著墨”最多的點即文章的主旨意。,Return,三

3、、應試技巧：如何尋找主題句,一、主題句的特點 主題句所表達的意思具有概括性 句子結構簡單明了, 作者一般不會采用長句或結構復雜的句子作為文章的主題句 文章或段落的其他句子都是對主題句的進一步解釋,說明,論證或擴展.,應試技巧 如何尋找主題句,Passage 1 The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas ar

4、e among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.,）文首 開門見山,提出主題,隨之用細節(jié)來解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達的主題思想. 最常見的演繹法寫作方式.,Passage 2,Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has be

5、come too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive. Man has made great progress in environment protection. Governments of many countries ha

6、ve established laws to protect the forests and sea resources and waste water and poisonous gases have been also dealt with. Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems. People should be further educated to realize the importance of the problem, to use modern methods of birth control an

7、d learn to recycle our natural resources. We are sure that we shall have a better and cleaned planet in the future., , , ,Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career. “ she said “ The sad story touched me so much tha

8、t I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes. Shu said.,2). 首尾呼應為突出主題, 作者先提出主題, 結尾時再次點出主題, 這種首尾呼應的寫作方式也較為多見. 通常, 前后表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復, 后面的表述往往有進一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味,A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong.

9、 In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Mans games show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man

10、; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.,3). 文尾在表述細節(jié)后, 歸納要點, 印象, 結論建議或結果, 以概括主題. 這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式,10,Example 3 Nothing

11、 is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also need

12、s one after the light of the campfire has been out.,(3)在短文中間主題句也可以安排在段中間, 此時前面只提出問題，文中的主題由其后陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出, 然后再作進一步的解釋, 支持或發(fā)展.,_,_ _,5). 無主題句即主題句隱含在全文中, 沒有明確的主題句. 必須根據文篇中所提供的事實細節(jié)，進行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時過于寬泛，要恰如其分。,Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of P

13、aris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. Q: What is the main idea of the passa

14、ge? A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student. C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education.,C,6). 注意標志詞,文章或段落的主題句常常會出現在一些標志性的提示后. On the whole, in short, all in all ,therefore I agree with the opinion that Given all these poi

15、nts above, I would support the idea that For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer “for example” “first” “second”等之前的句子中或者 “” “above all” 等之后的句子后。,應試技巧,三、選項分析 正確選項的特點 含有抽象名詞和概括性詞語. 四個選項中, 含有approach, concept, chance, opportunity, various, both, general, many, difficult, way, necessity, nec

16、essary, importance 等詞的選項一般是正確選項. 四個選項中, 內容相近或完全相反的兩個選項中往往有一個是正確選項 那些概括全文, 內容全面, 含義深刻, 說明道理的選項一般是答案項, 而選項內容片面, 單一的內容一般是錯誤選項.,錯誤選項的特點 以偏概全. 只是局部信息, 或是一句沒有展開論述的話. 過于籠統. 即歸納的主題太泛, 與細節(jié)脫節(jié)或是沒有對細節(jié)加以充分論述. 把觀點強加與作者. 讀者往往根據自己的常識對文章進行判斷而忽視了作者的見解. 無關信息, 既在文章中沒有提到或找不到語言依據的信息,An old English saying goes, “Spare the

17、 rod, Spoil the child.” In order to make a child on him and let him eat bitter foods, do hard work and plunge him into such unit or organization where he of she can get the greatest training and knowledge. In the first place Doing hard work is also necessary for a child . Finally , dont always keep

18、the child at home From the above, we can see that, for a child to accomplish anything in the world, the best way is to have a strict demand on him, let him live a hard life and go where there are difficulties,17,1. English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport cont

19、rol operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English.,本段主題句為首句, 其后的內容均說明首句。,Please find out the topic sentence of the following passages.,鞏固練習,18,2. People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have ha

20、d steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a so

21、ft drink.,練中學,19,練中學,3 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.,20,4. Just as I sett

22、le down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out whats wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun. He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace.

23、 Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.,有時段落是先介紹背景和細節(jié)，接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說的內容或事例，然后再圍繞主題展開對有關問題的深入討論。,_ _,21,5.Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language; but few people are eve

24、n moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign language. Now there so many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign language very much better that they do is that they fail to grasp the true natu

25、re of the problem of learning to pronunciation, and consequently never set about tacking it in the right way.,22,Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(讀寫能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgm

26、ental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit tha