1、直線網(wǎng) 本文的作者是一位職業(yè)動(dòng)畫(huà)師兼概念藝術(shù)家，值得一提的是，他在蒸汽機(jī)械方面也頗有造詣，平時(shí)以制作一些真實(shí)可動(dòng)的蒸汽機(jī)械和電子機(jī)器人為樂(lè)。最近在收集這些資料，希望文章對(duì)大家在創(chuàng)作機(jī)械題材作品時(shí)能有所幫助。本教學(xué)為翻譯教學(xué)，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明來(lái)自,以及注明翻譯者原始鏈接如下：/steamtoys/diy_steampunk/翻譯：DiorZhang （aboutcg鐵桿fans）請(qǐng)尊重互聯(lián)網(wǎng)道德，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明轉(zhuǎn)載出處和翻譯者，謝謝！How to Draw SteamPunk Machines如何畫(huà)蒸汽朋克題材的機(jī)械

2、Mission:The purpose of this web page is not to teach you how to draw. I will not be going though the technique, perspective, color, line weight, software, or any of the stuff you can easily surf up. This page is to inform artists who want to draw steampunk machines but dont quite understand how stea

3、m works. The focus is to add enough elements to your drawings, to make your steampunk machines more believable.任務(wù)：這個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)不準(zhǔn)備教你怎么繪畫(huà)。我將不詳細(xì)討論技法、透視、色彩、線條粗細(xì)、軟件以及所有這些你能在網(wǎng)上輕易搜到的東西。這篇文章為那些想創(chuàng)作蒸汽朋克類(lèi)機(jī)械但對(duì)蒸汽機(jī)如何運(yùn)作了解不深的藝術(shù)家們提供信息。目的就是幫助你在作品里添上足夠的元素，使她更為真實(shí)可信。Validation:I feel that too often, steampunk designs are too fa

4、ncy. They go too cool and end up loosing the all important look & feel of old tech steampunk. I think that it is important to state that I make real working steampunk machines / robots for a hobby. My steam site: Crabfu SteamWorks, contains lots of miniature, real working, live steam machines. There

5、 has been overwhelming media coverage of my work, probably because I took it from the fake sci-fi movie magic, into the real world. Through experience and trial and error, Ive learned not only to make something look like it would work, but actually does work.確認(rèn)：我 覺(jué)得很多時(shí)候一些蒸汽朋克題材的設(shè)定太過(guò)幻想，它們酷過(guò)頭了，以至于喪失了蒸

6、汽朋克本應(yīng)具有的那種散發(fā)古舊科技味道的外觀和感覺(jué)。我想說(shuō)明一下，我的一 大愛(ài)好是制作真實(shí)可動(dòng)的蒸汽機(jī)械和機(jī)器人，這點(diǎn)很重要。我的蒸汽主題網(wǎng)站：Crabfu SteamWorks,里面有很多可實(shí)際運(yùn)作的小型蒸汽機(jī)械。新聞媒體曾大量報(bào)道過(guò)我的作品（囧一個(gè)，老外真懂推銷(xiāo)自己），我想可能是因?yàn)槲野堰@些玩意兒 從軟科幻電影的魔法中帶入到真實(shí)世界里了吧。通過(guò)試驗(yàn)和反復(fù)實(shí)踐，我所學(xué)到的不僅是怎么讓它們看上去能運(yùn)行，而且還有它們是如合真實(shí)運(yùn)行的。Disclaimer:I am an animator and concept artist by trade. However, I dont think my a

7、rt is really so great that it deserves a “how to”. My devotion to my live steam hobby however, lends my steampunk designs a level of authenticity that often lacks in steampunk art. Therefore, this is just a quick explanation of parts, and how to draw and design a machine that “l(fā)ooks” convincing.Plea

8、se keep in mind that these are super simple explanations of different components of live steam, and steam buffs will probably will tear these descriptions to pieces I feel that it is important to get the basic idea without having to go into dry and boring detail. By no means am I an expert in steam

9、engines. This info is taken from my personal experience working on small scale live-steam engines. Most of the examples below are found on model engines, which works off of the same basic principle as the big ones. This is also just a guide. There are no set rules for concept art. You just make what

10、ever appeals to you. In other words. this is steam for artists, not really to educate you in details of steam power! However, it is important to understand some fundamentals of steam power, in order to make your drawings look believable, as something that could have been built in Victorian times.Fir

11、st you have to understand steam, and how it works by looking at each part of the machine.無(wú)責(zé)任聲明：我 的職業(yè)是動(dòng)畫(huà)師兼概念藝術(shù)家。但我自愧自身的藝術(shù)功力不足以讓我的作品能夠教人“怎么做”。但是，由于我對(duì)蒸汽機(jī)好愛(ài)的一貫堅(jiān)持，使得我在蒸汽朋克題材 的設(shè)計(jì)上到了一個(gè)接近真實(shí)的水平，而這類(lèi)藝術(shù)作品通常所缺乏的便是真實(shí)感。因此，本文僅僅是對(duì)蒸汽機(jī)部件作了簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明，以及教你設(shè)計(jì)看上去真實(shí)可信的機(jī) 械。請(qǐng)記住下面對(duì)真實(shí)蒸汽機(jī)各部件的解釋都是極其簡(jiǎn)略的，真正的蒸汽迷要是看到了這些描述可能會(huì)直接把它撕碎：）我覺(jué)得一點(diǎn)很

12、重要，我們掌握基本 概念即可，沒(méi) 必要細(xì)究枯燥乏味的細(xì)節(jié)。我可不是蒸汽引擎專(zhuān)家。這些信息都是從我制作小尺寸蒸汽機(jī)的個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)中獲取的。下面的大多數(shù)例子都是取自模型引擎，它們的基本原 理和大尺寸的家伙是一樣的。這僅僅是個(gè)指南。對(duì)于概念藝術(shù)來(lái)講沒(méi)有太多的規(guī)則，你創(chuàng)造任何吸引你的東西就好了。換句話說(shuō)，這是讓你以藝術(shù)家的眼光來(lái)看待蒸 汽機(jī)，而不是真把你教得通曉蒸汽動(dòng)力的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)：）盡管如此，為了讓你的作品更可信，比方說(shuō)（你想做的）東西只能在維多利亞時(shí)代（的技術(shù)條件下）制造 出，那么了解蒸汽動(dòng)力的一些基本原理還是很必要的。首先，我們必須了解蒸汽機(jī)，通過(guò)觀察它的每一個(gè)部分了解它的工作原理。Steam Po

13、wer Components（蒸汽機(jī)部件）Boiler:The boiler is usually cylindrical and long. The purpose of it is to boil water, pretty simple concept Most boilers have flues, which just means inside is a bunch of tubes for the fire to heat & boil the water fast. Sometimes they have a camel dome looking thing on top. St

14、eam pipe should be drawn on top of the boiler, where steam comes out. However, sometimes the steam pipe comes out of the boiler, and get fed through the fire again, this is called superheater. In this case, the steam pipe can come out elsewhere visually. Anyway, to keep it simple, make pipes coming

15、out of the top of the boiler. The “smoke stack” usually comes out of the boiler to one end. The reason for the stack is to vent the fire, as one end of the boiler is fired. Often steam exhaust from the boiler goes into the stack, the force of the steam shooting out of it, helps drawl the fire more i

16、nside the flues. Boilers usually have a stack somewhere, size and shape of the stack varies a lot. another words, sketch whatever shape and size stack looks best, to balance out the design.鍋爐鍋 爐通常是長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的圓柱體。拿來(lái)燒水用的，簡(jiǎn)單的常識(shí)：）大多數(shù)的鍋爐有火管，也就是說(shuō)有很多管道在鍋爐里，火（煙氣）由內(nèi)部通過(guò)，更快地把水加熱至沸騰。 有時(shí)鍋爐頂部有個(gè)用于觀察內(nèi)部的駝峰狀圓頂。蒸汽管道應(yīng)該畫(huà)在鍋爐頂部，蒸

17、汽從那個(gè)位置出來(lái)。但是，有些鍋爐的蒸汽管道出來(lái)后又返回加熱，這種叫做過(guò)熱 器。這樣的話，蒸汽管道隨便從哪里出來(lái)都可以?？傊?，為了保持簡(jiǎn)潔，讓管道從鍋爐頂部通出即可。通?！盁焽琛睆腻仩t的一端伸出。由于鍋爐另一端在加熱，所 以煙囪用來(lái)排出煙氣。通常鍋爐排出的蒸汽會(huì)進(jìn)入到煙囪，噴涌出的蒸汽由于氣壓差的引力，會(huì)把更多的火（煙氣）帶入火管。鍋爐通常都有個(gè)煙囪在上面，大小和 形狀多樣，換言之，畫(huà)出形狀和尺寸最順眼的煙囪，平衡一下設(shè)計(jì)。Burner / FuelHeat / Fire can be generated in a variety of ways. This usually evolves th

18、e fuel source being coal, gas, or anything that can burn really hot. With coal, you need to design an area which the coal is fed into, with a door. You also need to design an area for someone to fed the coal/wood, as well as a supply of coal / tender. With gas, you need to draw up some design of the

19、 burner mechanism, usually sticks out of the burner a bit. The fuel supply for gas can be a container, of any shape (although most everything is cylindrical), with pipes going into the burner, connected to the bottom of the boiler. Gas mixes with air in the process, and the amount of fire can be con

20、trolled by valves on the gas tank, as well as the amount of air is mixed for the fire.燃燒室/燃料熱 /火可由多種方式生成。這通常和燃料是煤、油氣還是其他任何可以產(chǎn)熱的東西有關(guān)。如果是煤，你就需要設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)送煤的帶門(mén)進(jìn)口，同時(shí)還要給燃料工設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè) 工作區(qū)域，以及供煤設(shè)備。如果使用油氣，你就要設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)相關(guān)的機(jī)械裝置，它通常突出于燃燒器一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。油氣的供應(yīng)設(shè)備可以是任何形狀的容器（盡管大多時(shí)候是 柱體），有管道通向燃燒器，連接到鍋爐的底部。油氣在輸送過(guò)程中與空氣混合，火力可由儲(chǔ)氣罐的閥門(mén)以及混合的空氣量來(lái)控制。Eng

21、ineThere are a variety of different types of steam engines. They basically are just pistons in which steam pushes, and in a variety of ways via linkages, all end up with an axle spinning in a circular motion.Without going into steam engines in detail, here are the basics of how to draw them. Draw a

22、cylinder, (piston is inside and not visible). Shapes is basically a big cylinder with a small long cylinder coming out of it. Steam is piped through the cylinder to push the piston in and out. If it is double acting (pushes both in and out) then it usually contains a box like shape on the cylinder.

23、This is for another link connected to the shaft to open and close valves to allow the steam to fed though each end of the cylinder pushes piston out, and pushes in when it gets to the end of the travel. So to put it simply, cylinder, with a box on the side.Some steam engines can be reversed. There a

24、re three ways that this can work: 1) Engine can be reserved by linkages to change how the steam is piped in by a Stephensons linkage, which usually looks like some sort of lever, complex looking linkages, with an arc piece that guides the lever. 2) For double cylinders, a valve can reverse the direc

25、tion of the steam flow, and therefore the engine runs backwards. 3) clutch driven, the engines only runs in one direction, but with the use of gears, the drive shaft can be reversed.引擎蒸汽機(jī)引擎多種多樣?；旧现v，就是一些由蒸汽推動(dòng)的活塞，以各種聯(lián)接方式，最后作用到作圓周旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的輪軸上。這 里不對(duì)蒸汽機(jī)作細(xì)究，只講些怎么畫(huà)的基本法則。畫(huà)出一個(gè)柱體（注：汽缸也可叫cylinder）（活塞在里面，不可見(jiàn)）。形狀基本

26、是大柱體，里面還有個(gè) 細(xì)長(zhǎng)的柱體出來(lái)。蒸汽經(jīng)管道通過(guò)汽缸，推動(dòng)活塞進(jìn)進(jìn)出出。假如是個(gè)雙程汽缸（同時(shí)推動(dòng)活塞進(jìn)和出），那么它通常會(huì)帶個(gè)盒狀的東西。這個(gè)盒子里裝有另外的連 接主軸的裝置，可以開(kāi)啟和關(guān)閉閥門(mén)，使蒸汽能作用于汽缸的兩端即蒸汽進(jìn)入一端時(shí)推出活塞，當(dāng)蒸汽到達(dá)另一端時(shí)把活塞推回。所以簡(jiǎn)單點(diǎn)，畫(huà)個(gè)柱體加上旁 邊有個(gè)盒子即可。有些蒸汽引擎可以反向。通過(guò)3種方式可以這實(shí)現(xiàn)：1）通過(guò)史蒂芬森連桿機(jī)構(gòu)，引擎可以改變蒸汽進(jìn)入的方式，這種連桿機(jī)構(gòu)常常看 上去像杠桿，外觀復(fù)雜，還有 個(gè)弧狀部件引導(dǎo)杠桿。2）對(duì)于雙程引擎來(lái)講，閥門(mén)能反轉(zhuǎn)氣流方向，因此引擎會(huì)前后運(yùn)動(dòng)。3）離合器驅(qū)動(dòng)，引擎只能在一個(gè)方向上運(yùn)動(dòng)，但

27、是利用齒輪可使驅(qū)動(dòng) 軸反轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向。FlywheelThis is usually a large heavy wheel, and it does have a purpose. The flywheel keeps the momentum going, otherwise the engine runs sporadically and can stall. Flywheels are always attached to the shaft that the pistons drive. You dont absolutely need a flywheel, but it makes t

28、he engine run a lot smoother.飛輪飛輪通常又大又重，作用是保持運(yùn)動(dòng)的慣性，否則引擎只會(huì)偶爾工作一下并會(huì)熄火。飛輪總是和活塞驅(qū)動(dòng)的那個(gè)軸相連。你并不一定就要添上飛輪，但是它讓引擎運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)起來(lái)流暢很多。Oiler/ displacement lubricatorThese things are just what it sounds like, they lubricate. They are usually attached, or very close to the engine. They can be right on the cylinder area or on

29、 the pipe going into the engine. They provide oil & lubrication for the pistons inside of the cylinder. They can be cylinder shaped container, or a manual hand pump.None of this is all that important in drawing steampunk machine, all you have to remember are these shapes: Cylindrical for the cylinde

30、rs (duh), boxes attached to cylinders with pipe, levers & valves near the engines, and flywheel.噴油器/水壓潤(rùn)滑器這些東西正如其名，起潤(rùn)滑作用。它們通常連接在，或者靠近引擎。它們可能剛好在汽缸（引擎）這個(gè)位置或者通入引擎的管子上。它們給汽缸中的活塞提供油液和潤(rùn)滑劑。它們可能是柱狀的容器，或者手動(dòng)泵。這些東西在你畫(huà)蒸汽朋克機(jī)械時(shí)并非太重要，你只要記住那些形狀就可以了：柱狀的汽缸，一個(gè)盒子經(jīng)管子連到汽缸上，引擎附近有些控制桿和閥門(mén)，還有飛輪。Governor Cool looking device. u

31、sually 2 spinning balls powered by the main shaft of the engine. The purpose to control the amount of steam going into the engine. Usually a pulley is attached from the engine shaft to this device. When the engine spins up, it spins the governor, and the centripetal force makes the balls fly out. Th

32、is action causes a mechanism to pull up a linkage, which restricts the amount of steam that is piped into the engine. This device is must be straight up in order to function properly, and connected between the engine shaft, and the steam inlet to the engine.離心力調(diào)節(jié)器很 酷的設(shè)備，通常由兩個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)的球構(gòu)成，球由引擎的主軸驅(qū)動(dòng)。它用于調(diào)控進(jìn)入

33、引擎的蒸汽量。通常有一個(gè)滑輪由引擎軸連到上面。當(dāng)引擎運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，它帶動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)器旋 轉(zhuǎn)，在向心力的作用下球就飛轉(zhuǎn)起來(lái)。此運(yùn)動(dòng)使機(jī)械裝置將約束引擎進(jìn)氣量的連桿拉起。這個(gè)裝置必須豎直放置才能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，它被連接在引擎軸和引擎和進(jìn)氣口之 間。CondenserThe condenser traps the oily steam exhaust from the engine. Engine exhaust is fed into it, allowing oily water to be trapped inside and condensed, only letting clean steam out. T

34、he steam exhaust from the condenser can then be fed into the main stack on the boiler, giving it that classic look steam out of the main stack, however, it can be fed into any stack. This is not absolutely necessary component, but without it, things could get quite messy and covered in oil. Anyway,

35、another easy part to draw, just another cylinder.空氣壓縮機(jī)壓 縮機(jī)阻礙從引擎排出的油膩的蒸汽。引擎排氣通入壓縮機(jī)，使得帶油的水在那里被阻礙和壓縮，只讓干凈的蒸汽出去。從壓縮機(jī)從排出的蒸汽然后可以進(jìn)入鍋爐的 主煙囪，賦予它經(jīng)典的形象蒸汽從主煙囪中出來(lái)。但其實(shí)蒸汽可以流入任意一個(gè)煙囪。壓縮機(jī)不是必備部件，但假如沒(méi)有它，事情會(huì)變得很糟糕，東西會(huì)蒙上油 膩膩的一層。這個(gè)部件同樣好畫(huà)，多畫(huà)個(gè)柱體而已。ValvesValves are just cool, especially when there are lots of it. Hand operate

36、d valves controls a variety of things, but basically it stops or lets steam through.閥門(mén)閥門(mén)（看起來(lái)）相當(dāng)酷，特別是當(dāng)有很多閥門(mén)的時(shí)候。手控閥門(mén)能控制很多東西，但基本來(lái)講它控制蒸汽的流通。Safety Valve:This is just a safety mechanism, so when the pressure within the boiler gets too high, it will vent out steam to prevent an boiler explosion. This is a

37、ttached to the boiler, up high as it needs to let steam out, not water It can be vented to the stack.安全閥安全閥僅僅是安全裝置，當(dāng)鍋爐內(nèi)氣壓過(guò)高時(shí)，它通過(guò)排出蒸汽防止鍋爐爆炸。安全閥連接在鍋爐，由于是排氣（不是水）之用，所以位置在上方。Water Sight GlassThis is just a way for you to see how much water is in the boiler. If the boiler runs dry and still firing, it wil

38、l fail. Sight glass can either be a window, or a glass tube.水位視鏡水位視鏡用來(lái)觀測(cè)鍋爐中的水量。假如鍋爐干了卻還在燒就會(huì)報(bào)廢。有的地方把視鏡做成窗戶，或者玻璃管。Water pump / tankWater pumps and water tanks are used to pump water into the boiler while it is steaming. Pumps can be manual hand pumps, or connected to an engine (uses the power of the e

39、ngine to pump the water). It takes water from a reservoir, and feed it into the boiler. hopefully at the same rate that the engine is using up, maintaining water level. This is not absolutely necessary, but prolongs the duration of the run, especially if the boiler is small.水泵/水箱水泵和水箱用來(lái)把水泵入工作時(shí)的鍋爐。水泵

40、可以是手控的，或者連接到引擎上（利用一部分引擎動(dòng)力泵水）。它將水從儲(chǔ)水箱泵入鍋爐.運(yùn)氣好的話引擎以同等速率消耗水，維持鍋爐水位。這些并非必需品，但是能延長(zhǎng)機(jī)器運(yùn)行時(shí)間，特別是當(dāng)鍋爐比較小的時(shí)候。Gauges Pressure gauges shows how much pressure is present. These are little analog dials, pretty easy to draw, and doesnt have much variety. They are basically sensors for pressure within the boiler, or

41、how much is feeding though etc. 儀表氣壓表顯示當(dāng)前氣壓值。上面有些刻度盤(pán)，很容易畫(huà)，樣式也不太多。它們基本用來(lái)探測(cè)鍋爐內(nèi)部氣壓，或者原料供應(yīng)。InsulationInsulation is most commonly found with marine applications. Insulation is just ways of trying to minimize heat loss. These can be applied to boilers, pipes, and cylinders. Wood lagging is the coolest loo

42、king, and I draw them often, they just give it a old tech look and feel. Of course modern insulation can be used, almost anything that can retain heat. Pipes are often covered with rope or coated with a white substance, in which I have no idea what it is made of 保溫層保 溫層在海上設(shè)備中比較常見(jiàn)。它被用來(lái)使熱量流失降到最低。它們可以應(yīng)

43、用到鍋爐、管道上。木質(zhì)保溫層看上去很酷，我通常畫(huà)它們，它們恰好賦予了作品古老的 科技感。當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)代點(diǎn)的保溫層也可以用上去，任何可以保溫的東西都行。管道通常被繩子或者一種我不知道是什么東西制造成的白色物質(zhì)包裹。GearsGears, lots and lots of them. Small engines needs to be geared down quite a bit. Lots of gears just looks cool anyway, but make sure that you are gearing down by drawing little gears to big g

44、ears. Old gears are usually spoked, sometimes curved spokes. High pressure can drive pistons straight to wheels, as with locomotives.齒輪齒輪又很多很多。小型引擎十分需要減速檔。很多很多的齒輪看上去會(huì)很酷，但無(wú)論如何，保證你畫(huà)的是小齒輪挨著大齒輪，這樣才可以變檔。老式齒輪通常帶輻條，有時(shí)輻條是曲線形的。高壓能驅(qū)動(dòng)活塞直接帶動(dòng)輪子，就像火車(chē)頭那樣。Sprocket/ChainSprockets and chains are good for driving some

45、thing far from the engine. They are also more forgiving than gears, as they dont need to be exactly right on to work ( I use lots of it in my steambots). However, sprockets and chains are easier to fail, they can derail.齒鏈輪/鏈條鏈輪和鏈條適合于驅(qū)動(dòng)離引擎比較遠(yuǎn)的東西，而且比齒輪相容性好，因?yàn)樗鼈儾恍枰芫珳?zhǔn)地嚙合就能工作（我在我的蒸汽機(jī)器人中用到很多）。但是，它們很容易會(huì)因

46、為掉鏈子而罷工。LinkagesThere are a variety of linkages. for a drawing to be convincing, they just need to look right, not really work right. To make linkages look right, you need to put in some thought, especially the if the linkage is big and a focal point. Linkages basically just transfer circular motion

47、 to something else The master of linkages can be found at 連桿機(jī)構(gòu)連 桿機(jī)構(gòu)有多種類(lèi)型為了使作品可信，只要看上去正確即可，不一定要能實(shí)際運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。為了讓連桿看上去是正確的，你需要多想想，特別是當(dāng)連桿很大會(huì)成為視覺(jué)焦 點(diǎn)時(shí)。連桿基本上說(shuō)就是把圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換傳遞到其他部件上去：）連桿大師可以從下面這個(gè)網(wǎng)址找見(jiàn)：Levers Levers can control a lot of things. Clutches, engaging and disengaging ge

48、ars, steam flow, etc. Draw lots of them for the operator. remember, just make them look right, dont worry about what each lever might do.控制桿控制桿可以操縱很多東西。比如控制離合器，控制齒輪咬合上或者松開(kāi)，控制蒸汽流動(dòng)以及等等。為操作員多畫(huà)些控制桿，記住，只要讓它們看上去正確就好了，不用考慮每一個(gè)控制桿分別用來(lái)做什么的。WhistlesSteam whistles are attached to boilers, or at least some pipin

49、g coming off the boiler. Steam is forced through it via some sort of a lever (often a pull chain type) and makes that classic steam whistle. The bigger it is, the deeper it sounds, but the more steam is used up.汽笛汽笛連接在鍋爐上，或者至少是一些從鍋爐出來(lái)的管道上。通過(guò)某類(lèi)控制桿的操控（通常是那種垂下的拉鏈條），蒸汽進(jìn)入汽笛并使其發(fā)聲。汽笛越大，聲音越低沉，但會(huì)消耗更多的蒸汽。Ok s

50、o now I know each component, where do I start?Remember the basic shapes and design of the parts above (most everything is cylindrical in shape). Surf up each part above, and collect images of components, as well as old steam locomotives & vehicles for reference. Once you are familiar with the parts,

51、 you can then free sketch at will, but always use the references to keep it authentic and believable.記住以上部件的基本形狀和設(shè)計(jì)（大多數(shù)都是柱體的）。網(wǎng)上搜索一下每個(gè)部件，搜集圖片參考，也可以找那些舊式的蒸汽火車(chē)頭和車(chē)輛圖片作參考。一旦你對(duì)這些部件都熟悉了，你就可以鎖心所欲地畫(huà)些草圖，但是還是要使用圖片參考讓你的作品可信。Fist, come up with ideas. Plan out what you want it to be, a biped robot? a car? a tank

52、? a multi legged walking machine? Dont under estimate “character”. Add some personality or character to you machines, even if it is inanimate. The #1 goal should be a well designed, balanced, and eye catching machine. Worry about how it works after you have some rough sketches and shapes of somethin

53、g compelling, otherwise its not worth the effort. I cant stress this point enough.首 先，構(gòu)思一下。你想讓你設(shè)計(jì)的東西是個(gè)什么樣子的，雙足機(jī)器人？汽車(chē)？坦克？還是多足步行機(jī)械？不要低估 了“特征”，為你的機(jī)器添加些性格和特點(diǎn)，即便它是無(wú)生命的。首要目標(biāo)應(yīng)該做到讓機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)秀、結(jié)構(gòu)平衡并能引人目光。當(dāng)你有些有趣的草圖和形狀后，再考 慮它是如何運(yùn)行的，否則就白費(fèi)力氣了。這點(diǎn)我十分強(qiáng)調(diào)。Work loose first, even if you decide the finish project will be det

54、ailed and well rendered. I usually prefer the loose and lazy way, just flop it down and call it good, as long as you get the feeling and idea across, you dont always need to carefully draw out each teeth of a gear the human mind is really good at connecting and making sense of just a couple of lines

55、. However, you can go as detail as you like, it is only a stylistic choice.一開(kāi)始隨意點(diǎn)，就算你希望最 終作品要細(xì)節(jié)豐富并且效果很棒。我通常更喜歡隨便點(diǎn)的方式，就是把東西往紙面上一放然后自我感覺(jué)良好。只要你把這個(gè)感覺(jué)和想 法講清楚了，你不需要總是畫(huà)的很仔細(xì)乃至細(xì)到齒輪的每一個(gè)齒。人類(lèi)大腦善于聯(lián)想，就算只有幾根線條也能搞懂意思。但是，如果你喜歡你可以畫(huà)的很細(xì)致，這個(gè) 屬于個(gè)人的風(fēng)格不同。For the purposes of demonstration, I have provided simple mechanics,

56、of a wheeled steam machine below. What is it? heck if I know.作為演示，我準(zhǔn)備了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的機(jī)械，下方那個(gè)帶輪子的蒸汽機(jī)械。那個(gè)是啥玩意兒？天知道。Lay out the boiler first as it is the biggest, and heaviest part. Pay attention to weight and center of gravity. Boilers are filled with water, and well constructed, therefore they are very heavy.

57、They can be vertical, horizontal, or even at an angle. Make room for some sort of a firebox or burner. Whatever chassis you have, should support the weight of something really heavy. Next, draw up some cylinders. almost everything on steampunk machines are cylindrical in shape. from gears, condenser

58、s, fuel tank, water reservoir, shafts, axles etc. Learn how to draw cylinders in all angles, it comes in handy. Next, draw up main axles, provide where power needs to be directed to for locomotion.鍋 爐最大個(gè)兒，先畫(huà)上它。注意重量感和重心。鍋爐里滿是水，而且結(jié)構(gòu)堅(jiān)固，所以很笨重。它們可以豎直、水平 乃至以任何角度放置。給燃燒室或者燃燒器留些空間。不管你用什么樣的底盤(pán)，要能支撐這么個(gè)龐然大物。然后，再畫(huà)些柱體，蒸汽朋克類(lèi)機(jī)械上的幾乎所有東西都 是柱體的齒輪，冷凝器，郵箱，儲(chǔ)水槽，連桿，輪軸等等等等學(xué)會(huì)畫(huà)任意角度的圓柱，遲早派的上用場(chǎng)。接下來(lái)，畫(huà)上主輪軸，動(dòng)力由機(jī)車(chē)頭傳到到此。Then decide where to lay out the engine(s). E