1、直接引語與間接引語,1.直接引語：照原話說一遍，有引號。 2.間接引語：用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，無引號。間接引語常構(gòu)成賓語從句的一種形式。,3.賓語從句： 跟在某些動詞之后的句子叫賓語從句。 如：say, tell, believe, think, understand, know, hope, wonder等詞之后。 e.g. I say that they are good at English. 跟在某些表示情感的形容詞之后的句子叫賓語從句。 如：be happy, be sure, be afraid, be sorry等詞之后。 e.g. I am sure that you had b

2、etter see a doctor.,需考慮以下幾方面的問題：,連接詞 語序 人稱 時態(tài),連接詞,直接引語是陳述句改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that可省略（省一不省二） 直接引語是一般疑問句改為由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。（疑問語序變成陳述語序） 直接引語是特殊疑問句改成由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。（疑問語序變成陳述語序） 直接引語是肯定祈使句改成ask, tell, order, beg sb. to do sth.的形式。 直接引語是否定祈使句改為ask, tell, order, beg sb. not to do sth.的形式。,陳述句,He is a doctor.

3、 She says that he is a doctor. I am having an English lesson. He says that he is having an English lesson. Exercise: 1. I want to have something to eat. He says 2. He is going to play football. She says,一般疑問句,1.Can you help me? I ask her if she can help me. She asks me if I can help her. 2.Does he g

4、o to school on foot every day? I ask him if he goes to school o foot every day. He asks her if she goes to school on foot every day. Exercise: 1. Will you buy this book? He asks me I ask him 2. Is she sweeping the floor? He asks me I ask him,特殊疑問句,Where did you go yesterday? I ask him where he went

5、yesterday. He asks me where I went yesterday. She asks him where he went yesterday. Exercise: What will he buy in the supermarket? She asks me I ask her,肯定祈使句、否定祈使句,Open the door. Ask him to open the door. Dont open the door. Ask him not to open the door. Pass me the book. He asks me to pass him the

6、 book. Dont pass me the book. He asks me not to pass him the book.,Exercise,1. Bring me the ball. Ask him Ask her 2. Dont take the book away. Tell her Tell him,區(qū)別于：肯：want sb. to do sth. 否：dont/doesnt want sb. to do sth. e.g.肯： I want him to do some shopping with me. 否：I dont want him to do any shopp

7、ing with me.,語序,陳述語序：主+謂 be V.,人稱：,一隨主：在直引變間引時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。 e.g. 1. I am a teacher. He says that he is a teacher. She says that she is a teacher. 2. My brother wants to go swimming with me. She says that her brother wants to go swimming with her. He says that his broth

8、er wants to go swimming with him.,Exercise,1. We have hurt our feet. He says She says 2. I have something important to do. He says She says 3. I will go to the park with my mum. He says She says,二隨賓：直引變間引時，如果從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱，或被第二人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要跟引號外地主句的賓語一致。若果引號外的主句沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱。 e.g. 1. I can help you w

9、ith your Math. I tell him that I can help him with his Math. I tell her that I can help her with her Math. He tells me that he can help me with my Math. She tells me that she can help me with my Math. 2.Youd better finish your work first. He tells him that hed better finish his work first. She tells

10、 me that Id better finish my work first.,Exercise,1. You should finish your homework on time. I tell her He tells me 2. You can go out to play basketball. My mother tells me His father tells him 3.You must keep the room clean. He tells me She tells him,第三人稱不更新：指引變間引時，如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱

11、一般不變。 （he/she/it/they） e.g. 1. He is a teacher. I say that he is a teacher. She says that he is a teacher. 2. They are from China. I say that they are from China. He says that they are from China.,Exercise,1.Jack is a good worker. She says He says 2.He is a manager of this company. I say She says 3.

12、 Mary can work out the Math problem. I say The teacher says,時態(tài),A.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，指引變間引時時態(tài)不變。 e.g. I go to school on foot. He says that he goes to school on foot. B.主句是過去時，指引變間引時時態(tài)要變。 一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 （主+V原形/V三單） （主+Ved） e.g. 1. I can jump high. He says that he can jump high. She said that he could jump high. 2.

13、I must do my homework by myself. He says that he must do his homework by himself. He said that he had to do his homework by himself.,Exercise,1. She can ride a bike. He says She said 2. I must study hard. He says He said 3. He goes to school five days a week. His mother says His mother said,一般過去式 過去

14、完成時 （主+Ved） (主+had+Vp.p) e.g. 1. I bought some books for you. He says that he bought some books for me. He said that he had bought some books for me. 2. We ate some bread for breakfast. He says that they ate some bread for breakfast. He said that they had eaten some bread for breakfast.,Exercise,1.

15、I found my lost bike. She says She said 2. We finished our homework. He says He said 3. He helped his sister to clean the floor. Tom says Tom said,一般將來時 過去將來時 （主+will+V原形） (主+would+V原形) （主+is/am/are going to） （主+was/were going to） e.g. 1. I will go to the shop. He says that he will go to the shop. H

16、e said that he would go to the shop. 2. He is going to visit the park. She says that he is going to visit the park. She said that he was going to visit the park.,Exercise,1. Lucy will buy a book for me. Tom says Tom said 2. I will ask Jerry for help. Ann says Ann said 3. I am going to write a letter

17、 for you. The girl says The girl said,現(xiàn)在進行時 過去進行時（主+am/is/are V-ing） (主+was/were V-ing),e.g. 1. He is doing his homework. She says that he is doing his homework. She said that he was doing his homework. 2. We having watching TV. He says that they are watching TV. He said that they were watching TV.,

18、Exercise,1. She is singing an English song. Tony says Tony said 2. They are playing computer games. He says He said 3. I am talking with my friends. The girl says The girl said,現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時（主+have/has+Vp.p） (主+had+Vp.p),e.g. 1. I have had breakfast. He says that he has had breakfast. He said that he had had breakfast. 2