1、The Stress Emotions: Anger and Fear,Chapter 5,“To be free is not merely to cast off ones chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others.” Nelson Mandela,Anger and Fear,There are two emotions specifically associated with the stress response: anger fear Anger produces th

2、e urge to fight. Fear promotes the urge to run and hide.,The Anatomy of Anger,The Colors (Manifestations) of Anger Impatience Rage Hostility Prejudice Sarcasm Cynicism Jealousy Envy Guilt Frustration Resentment Fear Others?,The Anatomy of Anger,Freud considered anger as the “Rage Reflex” Physiologic

3、al responses to anger vs. fear Anger is an energizing emotion, fear is an energy-draining emotion Every anger episode is the result of unmet expectations The average person feels anger about 15-20 times per day,Gender Differences,Both men and women feel anger the same way Culturally, men are allowed

4、 to express it (within reason) Culturally, women are not allowed to express it,Correcting the Myth of Catharsis,Not all venting of anger is good or healthy! Cast anger in the right direction Expression must offer a sense of self-control Expression must not antagonize others Expression of anger must

5、be understood by others,Four Mismanaged Anger Styles,(unresolved anger becomes a control issue) The Somatizer The Self-punisher The Exploder The Underhander All of these are inappropriate behaviors Everyone exhibits some of these behaviors, but typically one is more dominant in our personality Which

6、 is your most dominant mismanaged anger style?,The Somatizer,(Repressed anger manifested in the body) Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) Migraines Rheumatoid arthritis Hypertension Liver problems Many women (but not all) tend to be somatizers,The Self-Punisher,(Guilt-produced obsessive behavior

7、s) Excessive eating Excessive sleeping Excessive exercise Shopping Cutting (self-mutilation),The Exploder,(Anger through intimidation) Road rage Phone rage Violent behavior (e.g., Columbine HS) Excessive swearing,The Underhander,(Passive-aggressive behavior) Sarcasm Late for meetings Not returning p

8、hone calls Padding ones expense account Seeking revenge,Creative Anger Strategies,Know your anger style Learn to monitor your anger Learn to de-escalate your anger Learn to out-think your anger,Creative Anger Strategies (continued),Get comfortable with all your feelings-express them constructively P

9、lan ahead Develop a strong support system Develop realistic expectations of yourself and others,Creative Anger Strategies (continued),Learn problem solving techniques Stay in shape Turn complaints into requests Make past anger pass: forgiveness,The Anatomy of Fear,The Colors (manifestations) of Fear

10、 DoubtAnxiety SuspicionAgitation WorryParanoia Others?,The Anatomy of Fear,Fear is a learned reaction Rational vs. irrational fears When is fear appropriate? When is fear unwarranted?,The Anatomy of Fear (basic human fears),Fear of failure Fear of rejection Fear of the unknown Fear of death Fear of

11、isolation Fear of the loss of self-dominance,Strategies to Overcome Fear,Fear must be confronted (diplomatically) to be resolved! Systematic desensitization (break fear into small manageable parts) (e.g., fear of flying classes by Luftansa airlines) Fine tune expectations to meet the reality of the

12、situation Learn to stop making excuses and stop beating yourself up Plan for the future, rather than worry about itbe proactive!,Depression: A By-Product of Anger/Fear,High use of anti-depressants in America (33%) DepressionAnger turned inward? Symptoms: - Overwhelming sadness- Perpetual blues - Prolonged grieving- F