1、Narration,What Is Narration?,To narrate is to give an account of an event or an account of a series of events, such as ,such as a. real storiesb. imaginary storiesc. biographiesd. news itemse. narrative poems,Narration often goes hand in hand with description.,When one tells a story (narrates), one

2、describes its setting and characters.,There are five aspects which should be considered by the writer. 1. Context 2. Selection of details 3. Organization 4. Point of view 5. Purpose,I. ContextWriters should, at the beginning (the first para.), provide the reader with a context or circumstances inclu

3、ding,1. What happened, 2. When it happened, 3. Where it happened, 4. Who took part in it (5. How it is),so as to help the reader understand the whole thing, when we narrate something in the past or a historical event.,In this case, the verbs in predicate must be in the past tense in general.,例文 A tr

4、affic accident,首段：首段概括交代事件發(fā)生的時間、地點、人物等信息 A week ago, I witnessed a traffic accident in a rainy day on my way to school, which still sticks in my mind.,II. Selection of detailsEnough details should be provided, though not too many, otherwise the reader may get confused and lose interest.,Only relevan

5、t details, or things that contribute to bringing out the main ideas are useful and effective.,例文 A traffic accident,中心段：交待細(xì)節(jié)，注重在how; 交待細(xì)節(jié)時應(yīng)注意的事項？ 過多不必要的細(xì)節(jié)會沖淡文章的主題。,中心段細(xì)節(jié)描寫練習(xí),請找出下文與主題無關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié) An accident This afternoon I went out in the country to see my grandparents. After I got out there I decided to

6、take a short drive. I drove down to East Greenwich, which is about eight miles from Centreville. While coming home I was obliged to follow the railroad for a mile or two. When I had gone about half a mile I heard a terrible whistling ahead of me. On coming near to where the sound came from, I discov

7、ered that an express train had run into the rear end of a freight train. Fortunately no one was seriously hurt, although I heard on man say that he never got shaken up so badly in his life before. The engine of the express train was somewhat disabled, as the cow-catcher was broken and the head-light

8、 and the smoke-stack were knocked off. No one seemed to know the cause of the accident.,例文 A traffic accident中心段賞析,It was about 7:00 on Friday morning, (Oct. 31st).（補充說明時間）I was walking through the pedestrian overpass near my school when I was shocked by the screech of a car. （事情的起因）I saw a man knoc

9、ked down by a black car. Soon many cars were jammed there. I got there and found that beside a black Benz lay a middle-aged man in a pool of blood. （交代一些細(xì)節(jié)）The street turned chaotic.（事情的大致經(jīng)過）After a moment, the police and an ambulance arrived. The victim was instantly sent to the hospital.（事情的結(jié)果）,注意

10、空間的移動：I got there,例文 A traffic accident結(jié)尾段賞析,結(jié)尾段：可適當(dāng)發(fā)表一點議論 In my opinion, the pedestrian should have taken the overpass when crossing the street. Besides, the driver might have driven too fast, regardless of such bad weather. Anyway, I believe accidents may be avoided if we become aware of the impor

11、tance of safety.（結(jié)尾）,III. Organization,A. In a chronological order (time sequence) B. From the middle of the story C. Flash backs-to start from the end of the story to catch the readers attention then go back to the beginning as some films usually do.,D. The story usually comes to a natural end with

12、out a superfluous (extra) concluding paragraphE. Sometimes it is necessary to add one or two paragraphs about the significance, or things happening afterwards.,IV. Point of View,A. First person-more graphic and life-like, but limited scope (difficult to recount events in different places at the same

13、 time). B. Third person-more objective and free of the above limitation, but it is difficult to put the happenings in different places in good order.,V. Purpose,1. To approve a theory 2. To illustrate a concept 3. To praise a virtue 4. To condemn a vice,There should be the total effect and the final

14、 impression left on the reader if it is a good narration.,記敘文常用句式首段：交代主題,It was the most exciting moment that I have ever experienced. All through my senior high school, I couldnt forget In the years that followed the event frequently floated in my mind/often recurred to my memory/kept haunting me.

15、Last week, when I was on my way home something terrible happened. I quickly turned around, just in time to see the whole process of the accident.,記敘文常用句式首段：交代主題,補充交代時間 The event took place/happened/occurred in the early morning. The whole story happened the (first) day I entered the senior high scho

16、ol.,記敘文常用句式主體部分：,（一）作者心理活動的描寫 I could hardly believe my eyes. I felt as if I were on top of the world. I was completely shocked. I was bursting with joy.,記敘文常用句式主體部分：,（二）人物外貌和性格的描寫 He is of medium height. He is good-looking/ordinary-looking. She is plump/slim, with fair skin and curly hair. He looks

17、 handsome in a sports suit/blue jeans. He is of mild/bad temper. At first glance, you would say he is the perfect image of an obedient boy, but deep down, he is not that way at all.,記敘文常用句式主體部分：,（三）物體的描寫 It comes in a variety of colors/shapes. It consists of several integrated parts. It is shaped li

18、ke a circle. It is flat in shape and small in size. Attached to the bottom is,記敘文常用句式主體部分：,（四）景物的描寫 There is a wonderful array of flowers along the street. The air is filled with the scent of roses. The trees stood there on guard for generations, with branches reaching out like a canopy over the roa

19、d. I feel miserably insignificant approaching the mountain. Even judging by modern standards, the town was large in population. The campus has a unique atmosphere.,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured)

20、. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese 1.簡單敘述一下這位同學(xué)生?。ɑ蚴軅┑那闆r 2.同學(xué)、老師和我是如何幫助他/她的. 3. 人與人之間的這種相互關(guān)愛給我的感受是,The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured During the SARS period in this spring, the year of 2003, one of my classmates, Li Ming, was struck down

21、 by the virus and was immediately sent to hospital.,The news spread quickly on campus. At first, we were terrified and wondered if we were infected too. However, through our governments publicity on mass media, we gradually conquered the fear and set out to try our best to help her. Some teachers pr

22、ovided daily necessities while some students recorded the English class contents for him so that Li Ming could not be left behind. With our care and concern, Li Ming recovered quickly.,Such an incident teaches us a good moral. Our society is full of love, warmness and peace, in which people from man

23、 to woman, from individual to individual lend others a hand. Just like a famous song goes, the world will turn into heaven only if everyone contributes a little. and I do believe that its my great honor to live in this love-filled paradise!,Outline: I. Introduction (When, who, what, where) 1) in thi

24、s spring, the year of 2003 2) one of my classmates, Li Ming, 3) was struck down by the virus and was immediately sent to hospital. 4) hospital,II. Peoples reaction (First, then) First: fear Then: try best to help him Teacher: provided daily necessities Students: recorded the English class contents f

25、or him,III. My thought towards that 1. full of love, warmness and peace 2. my great honor to live in this love-filled paradise,The Day My Classmate Fell Ill We were having the English lesson when the teacher noticed Jack , who sat beside me, was sleepy. Then the teacher walked over to him and asked

26、what was the matter. Jack said nothing. He looked rather pale. Some of classmates also came over and asked if Jack was ill. Jack told us he felt sick and dizzy. It looked as if he was running a fever.,Then the teacher let me accompany Jack to see a doctor. Patting his head concernedly, the teacher s

27、aid to Jack, “Take it easy. Youll be all right soon.” That day I thought a lot. Everyone needs care when he or she is ill or in trouble. Since we live in this civilized society together, we should care for each other when necessary. Thus our lives will become much happier and more harmonious.,范文一,La

28、st year, a terrible flu spread across the whole school. One ofmy classmate, John/Jane Doe, became a victim of it. He/She ran a high fever, and ordinary medicine didnt work on him. The news quickly reached everybody in our class. Some classmates recorded the English lessons for him so that he/she cou

29、ld keep up with his/her studies. Our English teacher called on him/her at the weekends sometimes. With care and help, he/she was soon able to be up and about and finally came back to the class. From this event, I learn two things. One is that with love, no illness or difficulty is terrible. The other is that love and help are two-way streets. Our classmates offered John/Jane Doe kind help partly because he/she himself/herself had always been a helpful person. So I realize that when we help others, we are helping ourselves