1、高效解題密招,在閱讀課文或做完一篇閱讀理解題之后，養(yǎng)成用大約30個(gè)詞概括其內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)的習(xí)慣，并思考，假如命題人利用這篇文章來命制讀寫任務(wù)題，可能如何命題；如果這樣命題，我們應(yīng)如何用英語來表達(dá)。,1. 將閱讀與寫作結(jié)合起來,用英語討論社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)新聞可能是英語課堂的一個(gè)組成部分, 我們要積極參加, 因?yàn)檫@是一種提高英語表達(dá)能力的好辦法。如前段時(shí)間有關(guān)佛山小女孩悅悅被撞, 18個(gè)路人見死不救的新聞引起全國人民關(guān)注我們可以對(duì)此發(fā)表看法。如(1)分析路人不施救的原因; (2)假如你路過會(huì)怎么辦; (3)如何避免類似事件的發(fā)生, 然后用英語寫出來。,2. 將討論熱點(diǎn)新聞與寫作結(jié)合起來,每天可以花20來分鐘寫一

2、篇正規(guī)的讀寫任務(wù),也可以針對(duì)日常學(xué)習(xí)或生活中的某件事發(fā)表看法, 自由表達(dá)思想, 不局限于詞數(shù), 甚至越長(zhǎng)越好。,3. 堅(jiān)持天天練, 一天也不間斷,“熟讀唐詩三百首, 不會(huì)作詩也會(huì)吟?！逼綍r(shí)注意收集優(yōu)秀句子, 熟讀并背誦。平時(shí)練習(xí)的寫作題的范文, 最好也能背誦。,4. 熟讀優(yōu)美句子, 背誦作文范文。,通過審題弄清楚寫作的要求, 包括文章主題、寫作內(nèi)容、主要時(shí)態(tài)、主體人稱等。其中主體人稱, 就是要確定以第幾人稱進(jìn)行寫作。,1. 審題，明確具體要求,如2011年高考的寫作要點(diǎn)2是“以約120個(gè)詞講述一次你(或你的朋友)想家的經(jīng)歷”，據(jù)此，我們可以預(yù)測(cè)，本文的閱讀材料應(yīng)是一篇記敘文，有可能是有關(guān)作者或

3、某人想家的經(jīng)歷。這個(gè)人何時(shí)、何地因何原因想家呢？對(duì)他的學(xué)習(xí)和工作有影響嗎？他又是如何應(yīng)對(duì)的呢？然后，帶著這些疑問去閱讀材料，迅速捕捉要點(diǎn)。,2. 根據(jù)寫作內(nèi)容，預(yù)測(cè)材料內(nèi)容,閱讀材料的文體特點(diǎn), 找出其內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。 (1)議論文：找出論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。其關(guān)鍵是找出主題句或結(jié)論句。若文中有一分為二的觀點(diǎn)的,兩種觀點(diǎn)都要概括, 不要漏掉其中一方的觀點(diǎn)。 (2)記敘文：找出時(shí)間(when), 地點(diǎn)(where), 什么人(who), 做了什么事(what), 結(jié)果怎么樣(how)等要素。若是夾敘夾議的文章, 還要加上作者的看法、觀點(diǎn)、感悟。其中, 最重要的要點(diǎn)是某人(who) 做了某事(what)。因

4、此, 概要中一般應(yīng)包括：,3. 根據(jù)材料文體, 抓住內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),誰做了什么？(who did what) 結(jié)果怎么樣？(what was the result) 文章揭示了什么？(包括作者的看法、觀點(diǎn)、感悟，或?qū)懽髂康?。假如原文沒有提及, 概括時(shí)可以不寫),(3) 說明文和新聞報(bào)道：通常會(huì)有中心句(多在首段), 寫概要時(shí)要注意要找出中心句, 抓住關(guān)鍵詞。對(duì)現(xiàn)象分析型說明文, 要找出“現(xiàn)象”“造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因”“解決這種現(xiàn)象或問題的措施或建議”。 (4) 發(fā)言稿和書信：通常會(huì)很明確地表明觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度, 寫概要時(shí)要從發(fā)言者的言語中明確作者的態(tài)度, 把握作者的寫作目的?；蛳雀爬慷未笠? 進(jìn)而歸納全文

5、主旨。,在找出文章的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)后，就要用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述原文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。我們要注意采用同義替換、語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換、合并句子等方式, 避免抄襲之嫌。另外，不要以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。議論文可用以下開頭語： (1) The passage/author argues that.本文/作者主張,4. 概括, 轉(zhuǎn)述作者觀點(diǎn),(2) The passage/author highlights the importance of.本文/作者強(qiáng)調(diào)了的重要性。 (3) The passage/author discusses the impact of.本文/作者討論了的影響。 (4) The passage/auth

6、or compares. with.本文/作者比較了與,記敘文可用以下開頭語： (1) The passage/story is mainly about.本文/這個(gè)故事主要是關(guān)于 (2) The author tells us a story about.作者告訴我們一個(gè)關(guān)于的故事 (3) The passage is a story about.本文是一個(gè)關(guān)于的故事 (4) According to the passage， we know.根據(jù)短文,我們知道,五年來的寫作內(nèi)容2都是三個(gè)要點(diǎn), 三個(gè)要點(diǎn)最好依次用三個(gè)段落來寫, 每個(gè)段落前最好用一個(gè)主題句, 這樣做既不會(huì)漏掉要點(diǎn), 又層次清

7、楚, 能讓閱卷老師一目了然。 最好用一句過渡的話, 來表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)(贊成或反對(duì))或引出類似的經(jīng)歷故事，使上下文銜接得更加緊密。,5. 布局，緊扣三個(gè)要點(diǎn),議論文常用的過渡語有 表示贊同： (1) I do agree with the author. 我非常贊同作者的觀點(diǎn) (2) I quite /totally agree with the writer. 我非常贊同作者的觀點(diǎn)。 (3) Im for the writers idea that. 我贊成作者的觀點(diǎn),(4) I fully agree with the statement that. because/ for. 我完全贊成這種說法

8、因?yàn)?(5) I fully support the statement above because I am very sure.我完全支持上述這種觀點(diǎn), 因?yàn)槲蚁嘈?(6) I cant agree more with what the writer said. 我完全同意作者的觀點(diǎn)。 (7) I share the same idea with the writer. 我的觀點(diǎn)與作者相同。,表示不贊同： (1) I dont agree with the writer. 我不贊同作者的觀點(diǎn)。 (2) Im strongly against the writers idea. 我強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)作

9、者的看法。 (3)I partly agree with what the writer said. 我部分贊同作者的觀點(diǎn)。,(4) In some way, I agree with., but. 在某種程度上, 我贊成但是 (5) What the writer said sounds reasonable， but. 作者所說的聽起來有道理, 但是 (6) Some people argue as if it is a general truth that.But to be frank, I cannot agree with them. 有人認(rèn)為好像是一個(gè)普遍事實(shí)。但是坦率地說, 我

10、并不贊成。,議論文在提出自己的觀點(diǎn)后, 就用具體的事例來論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。 記敘文編寫與閱讀文章主題相同但情節(jié)不同的類似故事(親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu))。 在寫好各個(gè)段落的主題句后, 接著或提供論據(jù), 或說明理由, 或分析原因, 或描寫經(jīng)過, 才使文章有血有肉。,6. 例證, 論證自己的觀點(diǎn),列舉理由、原因、措施、建議、方法等時(shí), 需要用到以下表達(dá)： (1) On the one hand, . On the other hand, .一方面另一方面 (2) For one thing, . For another.一則二則 (3) To begin with/First of all/ First(ly

11、),. Second(ly), Besides/Furthermore /Whats more, . Finally/Last but not least.首先其次此外/而且最后,在文章最后, 最好有句總結(jié)性的話, 以便前后呼應(yīng)。以下可作為總結(jié)句的開頭： (1) To sum up/In short/In conclusion/ In a word/All in all, .總之, (2) Taking all the factors into account, we can draw a conclusion that.考慮到以上因素, 我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論：,7. 結(jié)論, 注意前后呼應(yīng),

12、(3)From the discussion above, it can be safely concluded that.根據(jù)以上討論, 可以得出如下結(jié)論： (4)From what is mentioned above, we know. 依上所述, 我們知道,(5) To be brief, we should be aware of the importance of.總之, 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)明白的重要性。 (6) Therefore, it is necessary for us to. 因此,我們有必要 (7) Only /in this way /when we.can we.只有用這種

13、方法/當(dāng)時(shí), 我們才能,一查人稱是否符合要求； 二查語法是否正確, 特別是時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致等, 確保“語言規(guī)范”； 三查邏輯關(guān)系, 看前后觀點(diǎn)是否一致, 特別是你所舉的例子與你要證明的觀點(diǎn)是否一致；,8. 潤(rùn)色, 使其錦上添花,四查是否使用一些較為高級(jí)的句型, 如非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)、with 短語結(jié)構(gòu)、定語從句、倒裝句型、恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞等。這條不必強(qiáng)求, 視自己實(shí)際水平而定。 當(dāng)然, 也可以用PANTS(person, agreement, number, tense, spelling)原則來檢查。,表達(dá)不要羅嗦, 若能用非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語或狀語就不要用定語從句或狀語從句。 避免語法和拼寫的低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤,

14、 避免被扣印象分。,1. 表達(dá)精練簡(jiǎn)潔,2. 避免低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤,注重書寫美觀, 保持卷面整潔, 提高印象分。 (1) 切忌書寫不清、涂涂抹抹； (2) 保持單詞之間的距離基本一致, 一般為一個(gè)大寫字母A的間隙； (3) 錯(cuò)詞只用一條橫線或斜線劃掉； (4) 每段前空格約4個(gè)字母的位置。,3. 做到賞心悅目,根據(jù)表達(dá)需要, 交叉使用長(zhǎng)句與短句、簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)雜句。 多樣化句式, 方能顯示較強(qiáng)的語言功底, 大大提高作文檔次。 (1) 用it is/was.that.強(qiáng)調(diào)句式；,4. 句子錯(cuò)落有致,5.句式多種多樣,(2) 用作狀語的介詞短語開頭的完全倒裝句或用以only in this way等開頭的部分

15、倒裝句； (3) 用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with+賓語+賓補(bǔ))作狀語或定語； (4) 用非謂語動(dòng)詞； (5) 用what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；,(6) 用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)； (7) 恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用感嘆句、被動(dòng)句等； (8) 適當(dāng)運(yùn)用however, in my opinion, fortunately, personally等插入語； (9) 盡量用短語代替單詞來表達(dá)同樣的意思; (10) 恰當(dāng)使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞語, 做到過渡自然, 結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊, 篇章連貫。,我們建議, 讀寫任務(wù)的寫作內(nèi)容 2的3個(gè)要點(diǎn),每個(gè)要點(diǎn)單獨(dú)一個(gè)自然段, 依次分三個(gè)自然段。每個(gè)自然段段首寫一個(gè)主題句, 然后再圍繞這個(gè)主題句展開。寫主題句的方法

16、主要有以下幾種： 是問句或含“是否”的句子, 可直接回答, 作為主題句。如：,1. 直接回答,(1) 你是否贊成“熄燈一小時(shí)”(Earth Hour)活動(dòng)(2011深圳二模) I am strongly for this activity.我十分贊成這種活動(dòng)。 (2) 你從故事中學(xué)到了什么道理(2009廣州二模) This story teaches us that we should not judge people or things only by their appearance.,(1) 中學(xué)生活和大學(xué)生活的差別(2008廣東) From my point of view, coll

17、ege life will be different from the life in high school. (2) 休假學(xué)年(a gap year)的好處(2011佛山二模) The advantages of taking a gap year are obvious.,2. 復(fù)述內(nèi)容,(3) 建設(shè)綠色校園的重要性(2011東山中學(xué)) It is of great importance to build a green campus. (4) 你認(rèn)為建設(shè)綠色校園應(yīng)該采取哪些措施？(2011東山中學(xué)) In order to build a green campus, effective

18、 measures should be taken.,(1)你對(duì)考試作弊的看法(2011揭陽二模) In my opinion, cheating in exams will have a very bad effect on middle school students study habit.,3. 明示觀點(diǎn),(2) 你對(duì)留堂制度的看法 (2011佛山一模) In my opinion, detention has its advantages in educating misbehaved students. (3) 你對(duì)失敗的看法或態(tài)度 (2009汕頭一模) In my opinion

19、, we should take an active attitude towards failure.,你或你同學(xué)的留堂經(jīng)歷(2011佛山一模) This reminds me of my friend Li Huas experience in primary school.,4. 引出經(jīng)歷,(1) 你讀這篇演講稿后的感受(2011廣州一模) After reading this speech, I felt really sorry for the student. (2) 你讀完這個(gè)故事(目標(biāo)的重要性)的感受(2010揭陽二模) I was deeply inspired by suc

20、h a story.,5. 說出感受,在寫好主題句之后, 我們還要通過各種方式展開主題, 使文章飽滿, 有血有肉。展開的主要方式有： 1.說明原因 (1) 你讀完這個(gè)故事(目標(biāo)的重要性)的感受(2010揭陽二模) (感受)I was deeply inspired by such a story, (原因) as it makes me realize the power of a goal in shaping ones success and gives me strength to pursue my goal, despite the hardships I am to go thro

21、ugh.,(2) 你對(duì)失敗的看法或態(tài)度(2009汕頭一模) (態(tài)度)In my opinion, we should take an active attitude towards failure(原因) because most of us experience the failure though few of us are so lucky as to succeed.,你認(rèn)為父母是否該對(duì)孩子養(yǎng)成良好習(xí)慣負(fù)責(zé)(2007潮州二模) (觀點(diǎn))As far as I am concerned, parents should be responsible for helping children

22、 develop good habits.(理由) The reasons are as follows: first, it is commonly held that parents are the first teachers of their children. Second, parents duties include not only providing food and clothing, but also knowledge and common sense required to go on well in society.,2. 闡明理由,(1) 你認(rèn)為建設(shè)綠色校園應(yīng)該采

23、取哪些措施(2011 東山中學(xué)) (主題)In order to build a green campus, effective measures should be taken.(列舉)On the one hand, the school should make rules and regulations to prevent students doing harm to our green campus. On the other hand, students should take some classes to enhance their awareness.(結(jié)尾)No doubt

24、 that our campus will be more beautiful if we pull together.,3. 逐條列舉,(2) 你對(duì)留堂制度的看法(2011佛山一模) (主題)In my opinion, detention has its advantages in educating misbehaved students.(列舉)For one thing, with the detention policy, we students will learn that we should be responsible for our behavior. For anoth

25、er, the policy can make us finish our homework on time, which is good for our academic progress.,你對(duì)考試作弊的看法(2011揭陽二模) (主題)In my opinion, this phenomenon will have a very bad effect on middle school students study habit.(細(xì)化)Those who usually cheat in exams will never treat study seriously again becaus

26、e they believe they will always get good marks without working hard. Those who never cheat in exams will consider its unfair for them, thinking studying hard is not necessary.,4. 細(xì)化主題,你對(duì)國家“禁止商場(chǎng)免費(fèi)提供塑料袋”的看法(2008深圳一模) It is necessary for the government to forbid shops from offering free plastic bags. W

27、ith this ban, shopping customers would gradually form a habit of bringing environmentally-friendly bags with them so that the consumption of plastic bags would be greatly reduced.,5. 說明結(jié)果,你或你同學(xué)的留堂經(jīng)歷(2011佛山一模) (引出經(jīng)歷)This reminds me of my friend Li Huas experience in primary school.(敘述經(jīng)過) One day, he

28、was talking with another classmate in class although the teacher had warned him several times. As a result, he had to stay for an extra hour after school.,6. 敘述經(jīng)過,(1) 督促學(xué)生認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)的其他辦法(2011佛山一模) There are other ways to make students work hard. For example, teachers can reward us with small gifts if we d

29、o a good job. Besides, students can be divided into groups to compete with each other so that we will work harder.,7. 舉例證明,(2) 以你自己或他人成長(zhǎng)的某次經(jīng)歷, 說明父母過度照顧對(duì)子女的影響(2010廣州一模) Parents today discourage their children from doing housework, extracurricular activities and socializing because they fear it will i

30、nterrupt their education. For example, when I was younger I wanted to learn the guitar but my parent wouldnt allow me because they believed it would distract me from my studies. They are happy as long as I perform well in my exams but dont seem concerned about how I develop as a person.,盡管寫作中沒有明確要求考

31、生寫總結(jié), 但一篇帶總結(jié)的文章會(huì)使結(jié)構(gòu)更顯完整, 在閱卷時(shí)能夠爭(zhēng)取更好的印象分。因此, 建議考生用簡(jiǎn)短的語言總結(jié)全文。總結(jié)的方式有(建議考生熟讀背誦各個(gè)例句)：,方法一重申觀點(diǎn)或概括內(nèi)容 用簡(jiǎn)潔的語言概括各項(xiàng)寫作內(nèi)容, 重申觀點(diǎn), 起畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。如： (1) In brief, college life is exciting and therefore I have been working hard to achieve my ambition of entering my ideal university, after which I will try to get accustom

32、ed to the new environment as soon as possible.簡(jiǎn)而言之, 大學(xué)生活是令人興奮的。因此, 我一直努力學(xué)習(xí), 希望自己可以進(jìn)入理想的大學(xué)。進(jìn)入大學(xué)后, 我將設(shè)法盡快適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。(2008廣東),(2) All in all, it is the love and education from school rather than suspensions that improve students behavior. 總而言之, 改善學(xué)生行為的是愛與教育而不是停課。(2009廣州一模) (3) To sum up, success results fro

33、m hard work. 總之, 成功是艱苦努力的結(jié)果。,(4) We can draw a conclusion that our society is progressing and people are living a better life than ever before. 我們可以得出一個(gè)結(jié)論, 我們的社會(huì)在進(jìn)步, 人民的生活比以往任何時(shí)候都更加美好。 (5) We can safely draw a conclusion that computers are more a blessing than a disaster. 綜上所述, 電腦給我們帶來的更多是福音, 而不是災(zāi)難。

34、,方法二提出建議或進(jìn)行呼吁 若是反映社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或某種行為的文章, 考生可對(duì)此提出積極的呼吁, 或提出建議或解決辦法等。如： (1)Therefore, it is suggested that you should make friends with people having different genders, characteristics or backgrounds. 因此, 建議你應(yīng)當(dāng)與不同性別、性格以及背景的人結(jié)朋友。,(2) In conclusion, it is high time that visitors should stop taking photos with animals and pay more attention to how to take better care of them. 總之, 是我們?cè)撏Ｖ雇瑒?dòng)物拍照并更好地照料他們的時(shí)候了。(2009廣東),(3) To conclude, it makes sense for schools to deal with the misbeha