1、China Software Talent Training Project 中國軟件專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)工程 Basic Computer English 基礎計算機英語 2009年上學期課件 Made by Miss Zou 婁底威爾軟件教育基地,Basic Computer English 基礎計算機英語 第一章 第A節(jié) the History of Computer What is a computer? A computer is a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, al

2、l according to a series of stored instructions. 計算機即為可根據(jù)一系列指令輸入數(shù)據(jù)、處理數(shù)據(jù)、存儲數(shù)據(jù)，并將結(jié)果輸出的設備。,Basic Computer English 基礎計算機英語 第一章 第A節(jié) the History of Computer What is a computer? A computer is a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, all according to a series of stored i

3、nstructions. 計算機即為可根據(jù)一系列指令輸入數(shù)據(jù)、處理數(shù)據(jù)、存儲數(shù)據(jù)，并將結(jié)果輸出的設備。,Computer input is whatever is typed, submitted, or transmitted to a computer system. 計算機輸入指將數(shù)據(jù)鍵入、提交或?qū)氲接嬎銠C系統(tǒng)。 Data refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects, and ideas. 數(shù)據(jù)指的是表示事、物和概念的符號。 Computers manipulate data in many ways, and this ma

4、nipulation is called processing. 計算機通過各種方式對數(shù)據(jù)進行計算，這種計算稱為處理。,The series of instructions that tell a computer how to carry out processing tasks is referred to as a computer program, or simply a “program” 告訴計算機如何對各項任務進行處理的一系列指令稱為計算機程序， 簡稱“程序”。 These programs form the software that sets up a computer to

5、 do a specific task. 安裝在計算機上處理特定任務的程序稱為軟件。 In a computer, most processing takes place in a component called the central processing unit (CPU) 在計算機里，大多數(shù)的處理行為由一個叫中央處理器（CPU）的部件完成。,Memory is an area of a computer that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed, stored, or output. 內(nèi)存可暫保存待處理的、已存儲的或輸出的

6、數(shù)據(jù)。 Storage is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis when it is not immediately needed for processing. 存儲器則保存那些需要永久保留的、無需即刻進行處理的基礎數(shù)據(jù)。 Output is the result produced by a computer. 輸出是指計算機產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。,Computer Categories 計算機的種類 Microcomputer、personal computer、desktop computer、notebook compute

7、r 、tablet computer、handheld computer 微型計算機、個人計算機、桌上電腦、筆記本電腦、平板電腦、掌上電腦,A microcomputer could be clearly differentiated from computers in other categories because its CPU consisted of a single “chip” called a microprocessor. 微型計算機明顯區(qū)別于其他類型的計算機的是，其CPU僅由單一“芯片”組成，這種芯片稱為微處理器。,What is a personal computer?

8、什么是個人計算機？ A personal computer is a type of microcomputer designed to meet the computing needs of an individual. Personal computers are available as desktop computers, notebook computers, or tablet computers. 個人計算機是指為切合個體的需要而專門設計的微型計算機。個人計算機包括桌上電腦、筆記本電腦和平板電腦。,What are the characteristics of desktop c

9、omputers? 桌上電腦有哪些特點？ A desktop computer fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet. How do notebook computers differ from desktops? 筆記本電腦和桌上電腦有何不同？ A notebook (also referred to as a “l(fā)aptop”) , is a small, lightweight personal computer that incorporates screen, keyboard, storage

10、, and processing component into a single portable unit.,What is a tablet computer? 什么是平板電腦？ A tablet computer is a portable computing device featuring a touch-sensitive screen that can be used as a writing or drawing pad. 平板電腦是使用觸摸屏，進行手寫輸入的便攜式計算機設備。 What is a handheld computer? 什么是掌上電腦？ 掌上電腦具有袖珍鍵盤或觸

11、摸屏，體積如衣服口袋般小巧，電池供電，使用時握在掌中。,Summary 小結(jié) Key words: computer, input, process, data, store, output, keyboard, mouse, screen, printer, program, software, CPU, memory, storage, microcomputer, microprocessor, personal computer, desktop computer, notebook computer, tablet computer, handheld computer,Homewo

12、rk 家庭作業(yè) Copy all the key words, every word five times 抄寫所有重點單詞，每個寫5遍。,Workstation 工作站計算機 通常指專為特殊工作而設計，功能強大的桌上電腦。這種計算機能高速處理工作任務，如醫(yī)學成像和計算機輔助設計。 Computers advertised as workstations are usually powerful desktop computers designed for specialized tasks. A workstation can tackle tasks that require a lot

13、of processing speed, such as medical imaging and computer-aided design.( CAD),Videogame console 視頻游戲控制臺 A game device ,can not be called computer, it should be connected to a TV set and provide only a pair of joysticks for input. 一種游戲設備，必須連接在電視機上，且僅有一對控制手柄。 Mainframe computer 大型計算機 Mainframes are ge

14、nerally used by businesses or governments to provide centralized storage, processing, and management for large amounts of data. 通常用于對耐久運行、數(shù)據(jù)安全和中央控制等方面有特殊要求的企業(yè)和政府部門，可進行中央存儲、處理、管理數(shù)量龐大的數(shù)據(jù)。,Super computer 超級計算機 Supercomputers can tackle complex tasks that just would not be practical for other computers.

15、 Common uses for supercomputers include breaking codes, modeling worldwide weather systems, and simulating nuclear explosions. 它能處理其他普通類型計算機無法處理的工作。超級計算機常用于解碼、制作全球氣候系統(tǒng)模型、模擬核爆。,Key words: Workstation 工作站計算機 medical imaging 醫(yī)學成像 computer-aided design ( CAD） 計算機輔助設計 Videogame console 視頻游戲控制臺 Mainframe

16、computer 大型計算機 centralized storage 中央存儲 Super computer 超級計算機 breaking codes 解碼,data representation 數(shù)據(jù)處理 digital device 數(shù)字設備 analog device 模擬設備 Binary digits 二進制位 Binary number system 二進制位系統(tǒng) Decimal 十進制 binary 二進制 ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美國信息交換標準代碼,1.file n. 文件；v. 保存文

17、件 2. command n. 命令，指令 3.line n. (數(shù)據(jù)，程序)行，線路 4.cursor n. 光標 5.menu n. 菜單，目錄 6. character n. 字符，符號，特性 7.current n. 電流 8.disk n. 盤，磁盤 9.drive v. 驅(qū)動；n. 驅(qū)動器 10.database n. 數(shù)據(jù)庫,11.delete vt. 刪除，刪去，作廢 12.enter v. 鍵入，送入 13.select vt. 選擇 14.tab n. 制表鍵 15. string n. 行，字符串 16.function n. 函數(shù)，功能，操作 17. insert vt

18、. 插入 18.value n. 值 19.index n. 索引，變址，指數(shù) 20.filename n. 文件名,21.copy n. 復制，v. 拷貝 22.edit vt. 編輯，編排，編篡 23.parameter n. 參數(shù)，參變量 24.button n. 按鈕 25.user n. 用戶 26.page n. 頁面，頁，版面 27.label n. 標簽，標號，標識符 28.dos 磁盤操作系統(tǒng) 29.modify vt. 修改，改變，變址,30.locate vt. 定位 31.subset n. 子集，子設備 32.backup n. 備份，后備，后援 33.space n

19、. 空格鍵，空間 34.highlight n. 增強亮度，提示區(qū) 35.indicate vt. 指示，表示 36.rename vt. 更名 37.cancel v. 刪除，取消，作廢 38.document n. 文獻，資料，文件 39.section節(jié)，段，區(qū)域 40.additional a. 附加的，輔助的 41. load n. & v. 裝入，負載，寄存,Today, networks are everywhere and network technology is developing Rapidly. Just when you think you have dial-up

20、 under control (有控制的撥號上網(wǎng)），along comes cable access （寬帶上網(wǎng)）， and Wi-Fi. （無限上網(wǎng)）,Just as you get comfortable with your schools campuswide network, （校園寬帶網(wǎng)）everyone is issued notebook computers that use some sort of wireless （無線的）connections.,Although network technology continues to develop,it is basded o

21、n a set of fairly stable concepts. If you understand these network building bocks (網(wǎng)絡構筑區(qū)），working with new network technologies will be a piece of cake .,Network advantages 1.Sharing networked hardware can reduce costs 2. Sharing networks hardware can provide access to a wide range of wervices and s

22、pecialized peripheral devices. 3.Sharing networked hardware can provide access to a wide range of services and specialized peripheral devices.,4.Sharing networked software can reduce costs. 5.Sharing data on a network is easy 6.Networks enable people to work together regardless of time and place.,網(wǎng)絡

23、的優(yōu)勢與挑戰(zhàn) 1.共享的網(wǎng)絡化硬件可以降低成本。 2.共享的網(wǎng)絡硬件可以提供對各種服務和專業(yè)外圍設備的訪問。 3.共享的網(wǎng)絡軟件可以降低成本。 4.網(wǎng)絡的共享數(shù)據(jù)很簡易。 5.網(wǎng)絡可以使人們能夠不分時間、地點的一起工作。,Geograpical scope of Networks 網(wǎng)絡的地理范圍 PANS, NANS, LANS, WANS, MANS 個人區(qū)域網(wǎng)，鄰里區(qū)域網(wǎng)，局域網(wǎng)，廣域網(wǎng), 都市局域網(wǎng)。,PAN (personal area network) （個人區(qū)域網(wǎng)） 是一個有時用指在大約10米的范圍內(nèi)、不適用電線或電纜，對個人數(shù)字設備進行連接的術語。 NAN(neighborhoo

24、d area network) （鄰里區(qū)域網(wǎng)） 能在一個有限的地理區(qū)域內(nèi)提供連接，通常是分布在幾棟建筑之間。,LAN（local area network) （局域網(wǎng)） 是一種通常在一個非常有限的地理區(qū)域內(nèi)通常是一棟單獨的建筑，將個人電腦連接起來的數(shù)據(jù)通訊網(wǎng)絡。學校的電腦實驗室以及家里都是LAN的例子。,MAN(metropolitan area network) (都市區(qū)域網(wǎng)） 是一種能夠在大約50英里的范圍內(nèi)進行語音和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)墓哺咚倬W(wǎng)絡。如當?shù)氐幕ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)服務提供商、有線電視公司、以及當?shù)氐碾娫捁尽?WAN(wide area network) 廣域網(wǎng) 覆蓋大范圍的地理區(qū)域，通常包括很多

25、較小的網(wǎng)絡，該網(wǎng)絡可以使用各種不同的電腦平以和網(wǎng)絡技術。因特網(wǎng)就是世界上最大的廣域網(wǎng)。,Hypertext 超文本 What is hypertext and what does it have to do with the Web? Two of the most important elements of the WebHypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP) and Hypertext Markup Language(HTML) A hypertext is a group of interlinked files.,什么是超文本？它和網(wǎng)絡有什么關系？ 網(wǎng)絡的兩

26、個最重要元素超文本傳輸協(xié)議（HTTP）在名稱中都包含“超文本”。超文本是一組互相連接的文件。,What is HTML? HTML is a set of specifications for creating HTML documents that a browser can display as a Web page. It is a markup language. HTML是一個創(chuàng)建瀏覽器可以作為網(wǎng)頁加以顯示的HTML文件的規(guī)范集。它是一種標識語言。,Key words: PAN (personal area network) （個人區(qū)域網(wǎng)） MAN(metropolitan area

27、 network) (都市區(qū)域網(wǎng)） NAN（neighborhood area network) (鄰里局域網(wǎng)） WAN(wide area network) 廣域網(wǎng) LAN（local area network) （局域網(wǎng)）,Hypertext 超文本 WebHypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP) 超文本傳輸協(xié)議 Hypertext Markup Language(HTML) 超文本標識語言 markup language. 標識語言 Hypertext link(超文本鏈接） World Wide Web Consortium(W3C) 世界萬維網(wǎng)聯(lián)盟,Like

28、 so many inventions throughout history, the computer developed as inventors tinkered with (修補）various devices. As a result, it is difficult for historians to point to one development and say that it represents the first calculator or the first computer.,But it is interesting to trace （追溯）the develop

29、ment of computers. Knowning the history of computers helps you understand the design and capabilities of todays digital computers. It also helps you understand how the computer industry of today came into being.,與歷史上很多的發(fā)明一樣，計算機是隨著發(fā)明人對各種設備進行修補而不斷發(fā)展的。結(jié)果，對歷史學家來說，要指著某一項發(fā)明，說它就代表了第一臺計算器或第一臺計算機，是很困難的。但是，要追

30、蹤電腦的發(fā)展是很有趣的。了解計算機的歷史可以幫助你了解今天的數(shù)字計算機的設備和各種功能。也能幫助你了解今天的計算機工業(yè)是如何發(fā)展而來的。,Digital Camera A digital camera seems easy to use. Point it, shoot the photo,and what next? How do you get them ready to become e-mail attachments？(附件）How do you prepare them for Web pages? To understand the wide range of possibili

31、ties for digital photos, youll need some background information about bitmap graphics（圖形）,數(shù)碼相機看上去使用很簡單。將其指向景物，攝下照片，然后接下來該做什么呢？你如何將數(shù)碼照片從照相機轉(zhuǎn)移到電腦中呢？你應該如何打印他們呢？你又如何讓他們準備好變成電子郵件的附件呢？你如何為網(wǎng)頁準備他們呢？要了解數(shù)碼照片的各種廣泛的可能性，你將需要一些有關位圖圖形的背景信息,Bitmap basics What is bitmap graphic? A bitmap graphic, or simply called “b

32、itmap” is composed of a grid of dots, and the color of each dot is stored as a binary number. 位圖由一些點格組成，而且每一個點的顏色是以二進制數(shù)字保存的。,The characters of bitmap Bitmap graphics are typically used to create realistic images, such as photographs. When you use a digital camera or camera-enabled cell phone, your p

33、hotos are stored as bitmaps. A scanner produces bitmaps. The photos you send or receive as e-mail attachments are bitmaps, as are most Web page graphics.,位圖圖形通常用于創(chuàng)建現(xiàn)實的圖像，例如照片。當你使用一臺數(shù)碼相機或帶照相機功能的移動電話時，你的照片就是以位圖被保存的。掃描儀可以生成位圖。你作為電子郵件發(fā)送或接收的照片也是位圖，大多數(shù)的網(wǎng)頁圖片也是位圖。,How to create bitmap images? You can create

34、 a bitmap graphic from scratch using the tools provided by graphics software. Such as Adobe Photoshop, Jasc Paint Shop Pro, and Microsoft Paint. 如何創(chuàng)建位圖圖像？ 提供的工具進行涂畫，創(chuàng)建一個位圖圖形。如： Adobe Photoshop, Jasc Paint Shop Pro, 以及微軟畫圖。.,Scanner and camera How to convert a printed image into a bitmap? When you ha

35、ve a printed image, such as a photograph, a page from a magazine, or a picture from a book, you can use a scanner to convert th printed image into a fine grid of cells(細格） and assigns（分配） a digital value for the color of each cell. As the scan progresses, these values are tranferred to your computers hard disk .,如何將一張打印的圖像轉(zhuǎn)換成一張位圖？ 當你有一張打印的圖像時，例如照片、雜志的一頁、或書上的一張照片，你就可以使用一臺掃描儀將這幅打印的圖像轉(zhuǎn)換成一個位圖畫面。一臺掃描儀將一幅圖像分割成單元的細柵格，并且為每一個單元的顏色分配一個數(shù)字數(shù)值。隨著掃描的進展，這些數(shù)值被傳輸?shù)侥汶娔X的硬盤上。,How to use a scanner? To scanan image