1、CDMA 2000,Section 1:CDMA2000 overview,CDMA 2000的發(fā)展,由3GPP2制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 90年代初，Qualcomm公司首次將CDMA技術(shù)引入民用通信領(lǐng)域； 1993年，第一個(gè)CDMA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)IS-95A發(fā)布； 1995年，香港開通第一個(gè)CDMA商用網(wǎng) 1997年，CDMA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)IS-95B發(fā)布； 2000年，CDMA2000-1X標(biāo)準(zhǔn)IS-2000 Release 0 、Release A出臺(tái)； 2000年，1X EV-DO、1X EV-DV等寬帶CDMA技術(shù)紛紛出臺(tái)；,IS-95與CDMA2000,CDMA ONE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系列：以IS-95標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為核心的系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)總稱

2、，它包含IS-95、IS-95A、TSB74、STD-008、IS-95B等。 IS-95是CDMA ONE系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中最先發(fā)布的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) IS-95A則是第一個(gè)商用化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，它是IS-95的改進(jìn)版本。 IS-95B是1999年推出，可以把IS-95A的低速率8kbps（9.6k，14.1k）提升到從64kbps（76.8kbps，115.2kbps） cdma2000標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系列：cdma2000-1x是3GPP2制定的第一個(gè)3G CDMA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?？商峁?44kbps以上速率的電路或分組數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)，而且增加了補(bǔ)充信道，可以對(duì)一個(gè)用戶同時(shí)承載多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)流信息,CDMA 2000 Roadmap,IS：Inter

3、im Standard 1x：一個(gè)1.25M載波 3x：3個(gè)1.25M載波,Roadmap,DO: data only data optimization 只支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)，不支持話音，需要單獨(dú)配置一個(gè)載波。,Wireless Evolution:The Right Technology for the Right Application,Wide-Area Multicast Technologies,Local-Area Technologies,Mobile WAN Technologies,1-UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), previously referr

4、ed to as Rev C LBC,Mobile Broadband Evolution Path,EV-DO Rel 0,Efficient data delivery for CDMA2000 1X networks New RF carrier to existing radio equipment Designed for efficient delivery of best effort, asymmetric traffic Increased capacity 870 kbps forward link sector capacity 316 kbps reverse link

5、 sector capacity Higher data rates 2.4 Mbps on forward link 153 kbps on reverse link QoS Enhanced services and applications Backward compatibility Re-use core network and radio infrastructure Handoffs supported from DO to 1X,EV-DO Rev A,Key Improvements Designed for symmetric traffic Reduced latency

6、 and optimized QoS Increased capacity 1.2 times Rel 0 forward link sector capacity 3.4 times Rel 0 reverse link sector capacity Higher data rates 3.1 Mbps peak data rate on forward link 1.8 Mbps peak data rate on reverse link QoS User based and flow based prioritization Enables different grades of s

7、ervices based on subscription level to expand the addressable market Enhanced services and applications Improves user experience UL intensive apps (sending files, picture/video messaging) Target mass market for applications such as mobile social networking DO Platinum Multicast Backward compatibilit

8、y Continued support for existing Rel 0 devices,Social Networking,EV-DO Rev B,Key Improvements Aggregates multiple carriers for higher performance Increased capacity Bigger pipe to address more users The Activity Timer starts when no traffic is exchanged and reset when there is traffic to be exchange

9、d; Traffic channel is released when the Activity Timer expires. Control Hold State（控制保持狀態(tài)） A dedicated control channel is maintained on which MAC control commands (e.g., to begin a high speed data burst) can be transmitted. Power control is also maintained so that high speed burst operation can begi

10、n with minimum delay. Reverse pilot may be transmitted in a “gated” mode (i.e. with a duty cycle of less than one) to reduce interference and save power,Packet Data States (contd),Suspended State （懸掛狀態(tài)） No dedicated channels to or from the user are maintained The state information for RLP is maintai

11、ned Active Set is stored by the BS so that if the Active Set is not changed the BS can instruct the MS to use the stored Active Set Service Configuration Record is stored by the BS (to avoid Service Negotiation) Mobile may continue monitoring the Paging Channel in the non-slotted mode for a shot tim

12、e interval ( 1-2 sec) after dropping the dedicated channels. This expedites a transition to the Active State shortly after the dedicated channels are released. Dormant State（休眠狀態(tài)）,MAC狀態(tài),IS-2000中的接入過程與MAC子層的實(shí)現(xiàn)緊密相連 Active State：占用業(yè)務(wù)信道、控制信道和功控子信道 Control Hold State ： 占用控制信道和功控子信道 可快速指配業(yè)務(wù)信道 Suspended St

13、ate： 釋放專用信道 保持業(yè)務(wù)配置信息 保持RLP和PPP狀態(tài) Dormant State： 釋放專用信道 釋放BTS和MSC的資源 保持PPP狀態(tài) 可以發(fā)送短數(shù)據(jù)分組,Example of Packet Data State Transition,Mux Sublayer,Data block: A block of data that belongs to the same service or signaling MuxPDU: MuxSDU + header The header specifies the Signaling, Primary, or secondary MuxPD

14、U Type: determines Rate Set (e.g., 1 or 2) how to parse the MuxPDU,Mux Option: determines max number of MuxPDUs on the SCH Single-size or double-size MuxPDUs Mux PDU Type LTU: Logical Transmission unit: 1, 2, 4, or 8 MuxPDUs that are protected by a CRC which is added at the MUX sublayer,PDU Types an

15、d New Mux Options,Example: Mux Option 0 x906: Maximum 1 double-size MuxPDU Type 3 Mux Option 0 x822: Maximum 4 single-size MuxPDU Type 3,MAC中的資源管理,MAC引入資源配置數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)（RCD），來完成相關(guān)功能實(shí)體的配置，實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)用和QoS控制 一種數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，以表格實(shí)行存在 多種多媒體業(yè)務(wù)的操作模式、信道配置、映射等 邏輯-物理信道映射表 補(bǔ)充信道編碼列表：信道的索引、速率等 補(bǔ)充突發(fā)表（Supplemental Burst Table）：對(duì)應(yīng)當(dāng)前激活或者掛起的信

16、道突發(fā)操作,Resource Config. Database (RCD),65,Section 3:Link Access Control (LAC),66,Section Introduction,General Signaling Architecture Protocol Architecture for r-csch(Access Channel) Sublayers of LAC LAC Data Unit Processing Protocol Architecture for f-csch(Paging Channel) Protocol Architecture for f-

17、dsch and r-dsch(Traffic Channels) Interface between Layer 2 and Layer 3 Interface between Layer 2 and Lower Layers,67,The cdma2000 Release 0 LAC,The cdma2000 LAC specifically refers to the signaling channels A separate “LAC” is used for data The cdma2000 Release 0 Link Access Control doesnt change a

18、ny functionality from IS-95 However It splits the LAC into a separate layer Its splits the LAC into a separate document, IS-2000-4 It further splits the LAC into sublayers Adds a mode for 5 ms “mini-frames” which is essentially the same as other modes, but with a reduced window space,68,General Arch

19、itecture,Control Plane Where processing decisions are made Where internal control and supervision is handled Data Plane: Where PDUs are generated, processed and transferred,69,Model for LAC (Link Access Control),The LAC is somewhat different for each channel Paging Channel (F-PCH)/Forward Common Con

20、trol Channel (F-CCCH) Access Channel (R-ACH)/Enhanced Access Channel (R-EACH) Traffic Channels Modeled by sublayers Utility Sublayer ARQ Sublayer Address Sublayer Authentication Sublayer SAR (Segmentation and Reassembly) Sublayer Interface between Layer 2 and Layer 3 (and between LAC and Lower Layer

21、s) modeled by SAPs and primitives,70,Protocol Architecture for r-csch (Access Channel),71,Protocol Architecture for f-csch (Paging Channel),72,Protocol Architecture for f-dsch and r-dsch (Traffic Channels),73,Sublayers of LAC (Part 1 of 2),Authentication Sublayer Present only on the Access Channel P

22、erforms global challenge authentication procedure ARQ Sublayer Provides assured and unassured delivery Assured delivery by selective retransmission and positive acks Appends ARQ_PARAM (sequence numbers) Performs acknowledgment functions Detects and handles duplicates Address Sublayer Present only on

23、 common channels Appends ADDR_PARAM (address fields) on transmission Performs address matching on reception,74,Sublayers of LAC (Part 2 of 2),Utility Sublayer Assembles and dis-assembles LAC PDUs On Traffic Channels, handles ENC_PARAM field indicating encryption mode in use On Access Channel, append

24、s RRC_PARAM (pilot strength measurements) on transmission Provides/receives parameters to/from L3 using MCSB SAR Sublayer On transmission: Adds message length and CRC fields Segments LAC PDU into lower layer data unit On reception: Reassembles LAC PDU from fragments Checks CRC,75,LAC Data Unit Proce

25、ssing,76,Interface between Layer 2 and Layer 3(Signaling Plane),SAP (Service Access Point) between Layer 2 and Layer 3 SDUs (Service Data Units) and MCSB (Message Control and Status Block) exchanged at interface using primitives MCSB: Contains information regarding the handling of the SDU, and data

26、to populate some LAC fields (e.g., AUTH params) Primitives: L2-Data.Request (SDU, MCSB) L2-Data.Confirm (MCSB) L2-Data.Indication (SDU, MCSB) L2-Condition.Notification (MCSB) L2-Supervision.Request (MCSB),77,Interface between LAC and Lower Layers(Signaling Plane),SAP (Service Access Point) between L

27、AC and Lower Layers LAC fragments and PCSB (PDU Control and Status Block) exchanged at interface using primitives PCSB: Contains information about the PDU or LAC fragment (lower layer data unit) Primitives: LL-Data.Request (LAC-Fragment, PCSB) LL-Data.Indication (LAC-Fragment, PCSB) LL-Availability.

28、Notification (PCSB): Lower layer notifies LAC of max size of L2-fragment that can be transferred in the next lower layer data unit (e.g., frame),78,Section 4:Layer 3 Signaling,79,The cdma2000 Release 0 Upper Signaling Layers,The cdma2000 Release 0 upper signaling layers change relatively little func

29、tionality from IS-95-B However It splits the uppers layers into a separate layer Its splits the uppers layers into a separate document, IS-2000-5 Adds the following functionality related to the cdma2000 physical layer capabilities Channel assignments, service negotiation, and handoffs for MC 1X mode

30、 (RC3 and above) General management of RC3 and above Support for mini-messages (5 ms messages) Support for F-QPCH,80,Other New Features,Tiered Service Answer Holding User Selective Call Forwarding Advice of Charge Hard Handoff Improvements Slotted Timer Support GSRM Enhancement,81,Tiered Services,Pr

31、ovides the user custom services and special features based on MS location Provides private network support User zone is geographic area in which Tiered Service is available to the mobile station users Support of Tiered Services is optional for the mobile station There are two types of User Zones Bro

32、adcast User Zones: The BS broadcast User Zones on the Paging Channel within the coverage of the particular cell/sector Broadcast User zones allow for permanent and temporary subscription Mobile Specific User Zones: Mobile stored user zones Some User Zones may require active registration,82,Tiered Se

33、rvices (2),Add two overhead messages on the Paging Channel: User Zone Identification Message (UZIM) Carries User Zone IDs (UZIDs) Private Neighbor List Message (PNLM) Carries information about private systems UZID is added in Origination Message, Page Response Message, and Registration Message to in

34、dicate current active User Zone User Zone Update Request Message is added in the Reverse Traffic Channel to request User Zone update from the MS Add two new Information records on the Forward Link User Zone Update in FWIM (Flash with Information Message): Used to validate User Zone requested by the

35、MS User Zone Reject in FWIM (Flash with Information Message) and FNM (Feature Notification Message): Used to reject User Zone requested by the MS,83,Answer Holding,Allow the user to hold incoming call when the phone is ringing. The user can answer the call later when it is convenient. The mobile sen

36、ds Flash With Information Message with a Feature Indicator information record during Waiting For Mobile Station Answer Substate Upon sending Connect Order, the MS enters the Conversation Substate When directed by the user, the mobile sends Flash With Information Message with a Feature Indicator info

37、rmation record during Conversation Substate,84,User Selective Call Forwarding,Allows user to forward the incoming call to the number stored in the MS The mobile sends Flash With Information Message with a Feature Indicator information record and a Called party Number Information record during Waitin

38、g For Mobile Station Answer Substate The base station sends Release Order to release the call Allows user to forward the incoming call to the Voice Mail The mobile sends Flash With Information Message with a Feature Indicator information record during Waiting For Mobile Station Answer Substate The b

39、ase station sends Release Order to release the call,85,Slotted Timer Support,Non-slotted mode operation reduces the delay for the MS to transition from the Mobile Station Idle State to the Mobile Station Control on the Traffic Channel State For a typical data arrival pattern, it is observed that it

40、is very likely that data will arrive within seconds following a busy period. After a Data Call released, allows MS to operate in non-slotted mode within TMS_slotted The base station also maintains TBS_Slotted = TMS_slotted - to avoid the case that the BS think the MS is in non-slotted mode but the M

41、S is operating in slotted mode TMS_slotted is added in In-Traffic System Parameters Message If the timer is not included, the mobile will use the default value T74m (0 secods) Slotted Mode Order is added on Paging Channel so that the BS can order MS to operate in the Slotted Mode before Timer expire

42、s,86,GSRM Enhancement,Redirect mobiles globally according to: ACCOLC: Multiple ACCOLC classes can be selected (as same as current GSRM) MOB_P_REV: A given MOB_P_REV or a range of MOB_P_REV Added Extended Global Service Redirection Message (EGSRM) to permit redirection by given MOB_P_REV or a range o

43、f MOB_P_REV,87,Some Details for Support of New Channels,Messages for Power Control Forward Link Power Control Messages Reverse Link Power Control Messages Messages for OTD Support Messages for Quick Paging Channel Operation Messages for QOF Support Messages for High Speed Data Mobile Assisted Burst

44、Operation (MABO) Examples,88,FL Power Control Messages,Extended Channel Assignment Message Target fame error rate Outer Loop Eb/Nt setpoint Extended Handoff Direction Message Reset Forward Traffic Channel power control Universal Handoff Direction Message Closed loop power control step size Forward p

45、ower control subchannel relative gain Power Control Subchannel gain action time General Handoff Direction Message Forward power control subchannel relative gain Power Control Subchannel gain action time,89,FL Power Control Messages (Cont.),Power Control Message Forward Power Control Operation Modes

46、indicator Target Frame Error Rate Outer loop Eb/Nt setpoint Outer Loop Report Message The outer loop Eb/Nt setpoint of the Forward Dedicated Channel The supplemental outer loop Eb/Nt setpoint,90,RL Power Control Messages,Extended System Parameters Message Gain adjustment of the Reverse Traffic Chann

47、el relative to the Reverse Pilot Channel power for RC greater than 2 Extended Channel Assignment Message Reverse Traffic Channel power relative to access power Universal Handoff Direction Message Gain adjustment of the Reverse Traffic Channel relative to the Reverse Pilot Channel power for RC greate

48、r than 2 General Handoff Direction Message Gain adjustment of the Reverse Traffic Channel relative to the Reverse Pilot Channel power for RC greater than 2 Power Control Message Reverse Link Power Control adjustment record type Reverse Link Attribute Gain Adjustment for different transmission rate E

49、xtended Supplemental Channel Assignment Message Supplemental channel power offset adjustment relative to Reverse Pilot Channel power for RD greater than 2,91,OTD Support Messages,Extended Channel Assignment Message Transmit Diversity Pilot OTD transmit power level Universal Handoff Direction Message

50、 OTD transmit power level General Neighbor List Message OTD transmit power level Extended Neighbor List Update Message OTD transmit power level Extended Supplemental Channel Assignment Message OTD transmit power level Origination Message Orthogonal Transmit Diversity supported indicator Page Respons

51、e Message Orthogonal Transmit Diversity supported indicator,92,Quick Paging Channel Messages,Extended System Parameter Message QPCH_SUPPORT: Quick Paging Channel Supported Indication QPCH_CCI_SUPPORTED: Quick Paging Channel configuration change indicator supported NUM_QPCH: Number of Quick Paging ch

52、annels QPCH_RATE: Quick Paging Channel indicator rate QPCH_POWER_LEVEL_PAGE:Quick Paging Channel paging indicator transmit power level QPCH_POWER_LEVEL_CONFIG: Quick Paging Channel configuration change indicator transmit power level Origination Message Quick Paging Channel supported indicator Page R

53、esponse Message Quick Paging Channel supported indicator,93,QOF Messages,Extended Channel Assignment Message Quasi-orthogonal function Mask Identifier for the Fundamental Channel Quasi-orthogonal function Mask Identifier for the Dedicated Control Channel Universal Handoff Direction Message Quasi-ort

54、hogonal function Mask Identifier for the Fundamental Channel Quasi-orthogonal function Mask Identifier for the Dedicated Control Channel Quasi-orthogonal function index on the Supplemental Channel Extended Supplemental Channel Assignment Message Quasi-orthogonal function index on the Supplemental Ch

55、annel,94,High Speed Data Messages,Regular Messages (20 ms message) Universal Handoff Direction Message on Forward Traffic Channel Specifies active set for SCH during handoff Forward Supplemental Channel: identifier, start time, duration, and rate Reverse Supplemental Channel: Identifier, start time,

56、 duration, and rate Extended Supplemental Channel Assignment Message on Forward Traffic Channel Supplemental Channel configuration Forward Supplemental Channel: identifier, start time, duration, and rate Reverse Supplemental Channel: Identifier, start time, duration, and rate Supplemental Channel Po

57、wer Control related parameters Supplemental Channel Request Message on Reverse Traffic Channel Resource Request Function Peer to Peer Resource Control Message on Reverse Traffic Channel Request MAC control function state transition,95,High Speed Data Messages,Mini Messages (5 ms messages) Forward Su

58、pplemental Channel Assignment Mini Message on Forward Traffic Channel Reverse Supplemental Channel Assignment Mini Message on Forward Traffic Channel Supplemental Channel Request Mini Message on Reverse Traffic Channel Peer to Peer Resource Control Mini Message on Reverse Traffic Channel,96,High Speed Data(Mobile Assisted Burst Operation),Allows MS to report the pilot strength in Active Set relatively quick and frequently during high rate SCH data bursts The BS may adjust t