1、Unit 3,Section Learning about Language,自 主 預(yù) 習(xí),.根據(jù)詞性及漢語提示寫出單詞及其拓展形式 1_ adv. 諸如此類的事情；等等 2_ n. 附錄；附件 3_ adj. 不合法的；違法的_ adj. 法律的，法定的，合法的 4_ n. 藥丸；藥片,etc,appendix,illegal,legal,pill,.短語互譯 1不顧；不管 _ 2處境危險(xiǎn)_ 3陷入；染上(壞習(xí)慣)_ 4冒著的危險(xiǎn) _ 5放棄_,in spite of,at risk/in danger,get into,at the risk of,give up,.辨別it的用法 1T

2、he box was so heavy that I couldnt carry it by myself _ 2It is pleasant to walk in the garden_ 3Its a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl？_ 4It is six oclock when the plane takes off_ 5We think it necessary reading aloud every morning to im prove our English_,it指上文提到的某事物,it作形式主語,it指不知性別的孩子,it指時(shí)間,it作形

3、式賓語,6It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here_ 7Im afraid it is going to snow tomorrow_ 8He thought it no use going over the subject_ 9It is very quiet in the library_ 10I had a talk with Mary and it was helpful_,it指距離,it指天氣,it作形式賓語,it指環(huán)境,it指抽象事物,合 作 探 究,He admitted that he was an illegal i

4、mmigrant. 他承認(rèn)他是非法移民。 Its illegal to read peoples private letters without permission. 未經(jīng)允許看別人的私人信件是不合法的。,重 點(diǎn) 詞 匯,illegal adj. 不合法的，違法的,It is illegal.(做)是違法的。 It is illegal (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做是違法的。 legal adj. 合法的；法律的 Its illegal to carry guns in our country. 在我們國家，攜帶槍支是違法的。 It is illegal for emp

5、loyers to discriminate on grounds of race. 雇主對(duì)種族的歧視是違法的。 Why shouldnt I take a holiday? Its perfectly legal. 為什么我就不該放假？那是完全合法的。,il為前綴，放于以l開頭的單詞前，表示“無，不，非”之意。,It is illegal to sell alcohol to children.,He reached his goals in spite of his disability. 盡管他有殘疾，他還是實(shí)現(xiàn)了他的目標(biāo)。 In spite of his old age, he sti

6、ll lives an active life. 盡管他年事已高，他依舊過著一種忙碌的生活。,1in spite of 不顧；不管,重 點(diǎn) 短 語,Kelly loved her husband in spite of/despite the fact that he drank too much. 雖然凱莉的丈夫喝酒很多，她仍然愛著他。 We went for a walk, although it was raining. 盡管下雨，我們還是去散步了。 Pretty as she is, she is not clever. 雖然她很美，但不聰明。 The club welcomes al

7、l new members regardless of age. 俱樂部對(duì)所有成員不分年齡一律歡迎。,in spite of the storm,Despite my efforts,But if they want to make more money, they have to take risks. 但是，如果他們想多賺錢，他們就必須冒險(xiǎn)。 You have no right to take risks with others lives. 你沒有權(quán)力去拿別人的生命冒險(xiǎn)。,2take risks (a risk) 冒險(xiǎn),at risk處于危險(xiǎn)之中，冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn) at the risk of.冒

8、著風(fēng)險(xiǎn) at all risks 無論冒什么風(fēng)險(xiǎn) face/run risks/a risk冒險(xiǎn) risk sth. 以為賭注 risk doing 冒險(xiǎn)做 risk ones life to do sth. 冒著生命危險(xiǎn)做某事,We must risk getting caught in a storm. 我們必須冒為暴風(fēng)雨所阻之險(xiǎn)。 By criticizing her boss，she risked losing her position. 批評(píng)老板使她冒失去職位之險(xiǎn)。 Never put your family at risk. 不要讓你的家人處于危險(xiǎn)中。,take the risk

9、of,at the risk of,risked getting caught,taking,Dont let yourself get into the bad habits. 別讓你自己養(yǎng)成壞習(xí)慣。 Nobody likes to get into trouble. 沒有誰愿意惹麻煩。,3get into陷入；染上(壞習(xí)慣),get into the habit of develop the habit ofform the habit of養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣 get into還有“進(jìn)入”、“對(duì)產(chǎn)生興趣”等含義。 Dont get into the habit of depending on ot

10、hers. 不要養(yǎng)成依賴別人的習(xí)慣。 Im sorry I got you into trouble with the teacher. 很抱歉，我讓你跟老師發(fā)生了糾紛。 He soon got into his new job. 不久他對(duì)他的新工作產(chǎn)生了興趣。,get along/on(with)相處；進(jìn)展 get down下來；寫下；使沮喪 get down to開始；著手 get over克服；恢復(fù) get rid of擺脫，除去 get through做完；通過；接通 get across使通過；被理解,get/fall into the habit of smoking,get in

11、to trouble,of,doing,(1)句中的leave作使役動(dòng)詞，意為“使處于(某種狀態(tài))”，其后可接形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語等作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 Leave the door open, please. 請(qǐng)把門開著吧。 Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain. 別讓她在外面的雨中等候。,經(jīng) 典 句 式,Running a marathon will leave you out of breath. 參加馬拉松比賽會(huì)讓你喘不過氣來。,Dont leave your work half done. 工作不要半途而廢。 (2)out o

12、f breath意為“喘不過氣來，上氣不接下氣”。 We were out of breath after only five minutes. 五分鐘后我們便氣喘吁吁了。,out of work 失業(yè) out of sight 看不見 out of fashion 過時(shí) out of control 失控 out of order 出故障 out of place 不適當(dāng),out of breath,單 元 語 法,it作為代詞用法非常靈活，可用于代替上文中提到的那一個(gè)事物，代替上文中說到的一件事，代替不知情的人(尤其是不知身份、性別和姓名的人)。也可用于表示時(shí)間、天氣、距離、計(jì)算結(jié)果等。還

13、可用來代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等，充當(dāng)形式主語或形式賓語。,it的用法(),1用作人稱代詞，代替上文提到過的人或事物或整個(gè)句子所表述的事實(shí)。 We bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before we can move in.(代替前文提到的事物) 我們買了一所新房子但搬進(jìn)去之前還需要很多工作。 Well, you mustnt play on the road. Its dangerous. 哦，你不能在路上玩。這個(gè)太危險(xiǎn)了！ Tom has failed in the exam. Have you heard about i

14、t? 湯姆考試沒及格。你聽說了嗎？ Who is making such a noise? 誰制造的噪音？ It must be the children. 一定是那些孩子。,2表示天氣、時(shí)間、季節(jié)、距離、環(huán)境、自然現(xiàn)象、重量、金錢等。 Its time to get up.(指時(shí)間) 到起床的時(shí)間了。 Its going to snow.(指天氣) (天)要下雪了。 It is a long way from my school to the hospital.(指距離) 從我的學(xué)校到醫(yī)院(距離)很遠(yuǎn)。 Whats it like in the army these days？(指代事物的狀

15、況) 現(xiàn)在軍隊(duì)里的生活怎么樣？,3作形式主語 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語時(shí)，通常把它們置于句末作真正的主語，而使用it作形式主語。 It seems impossible to finish the job on time. 似乎按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作是不可能的。(真正主語是不定式短語) It wont be easy finding our way home. 尋找回家的路不容易。(真正主語是動(dòng)名詞短語) It is said that he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 據(jù)說他明天去北京。(真正主語是主語從句),it作形式主語的常見句型： (1)It i

16、s形容詞(good/kind/clever/stupid/easy/hard/difficult/important，etc.)(of/for sb.)to do sth. (2)It is形容詞(important/necessary/clear/possible/natural/strange，etc.)thatsb.(should) do sth.(虛擬語氣) (3)It is no use/good (useless/senseless/dangerous/enjoyable/worthwhile/a waste/fun，etc.)doing sth. (4)It is said (r

17、eported/announced/(well)known/believed/ hoped/suggested/ expected，etc.) that. (5)It is名詞(詞組)(a pity/a shame/an honor/no wonder/a fact，etc.)that從句。,Its very kind of you to help me. 你能幫助我真是太好了。 It is difficult to translate this article. 翻譯這篇文章很難。 Its no use crying over the spilt milk. 覆水難收。 Its a pity

18、 that you missed such an exciting football match. 你錯(cuò)過了這么令人興奮的足球比賽，真遺憾。 It is said that she has passed the exam. 據(jù)說她已經(jīng)通過考試了。,提示 it作形式主語沒有具體的意義，只是把真正的主語移至句子的后面，避免頭重腳輕。,4作形式賓語 (1)用于“主語及物動(dòng)詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”句型中：當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式、動(dòng)名詞或賓語從句時(shí)，常使用it作形式賓語，而往往把真正的賓語不定式、動(dòng)名詞或賓語從句置于補(bǔ)足語之后。 I think it important that we should ke

19、ep calm. 我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜，這很重要。 I feel it my duty that I should devote myself to teaching. 我感到致力于教學(xué)是我的責(zé)任。 I make it a rule that I read English every morning. 每天早晨讀英語是我的習(xí)慣。,溫馨提示 為了便于記憶，可以把句型稱為“6123結(jié)構(gòu)”：6指的是句中常用的六個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞：think/believe/consider/feel/find/make；1指的是形式賓語it；2指的是賓語補(bǔ)足語的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞；3指的是真正賓語的三種形式：不定式，

20、動(dòng)名詞或that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。,(2)用于“主語及物動(dòng)詞賓語”句型中：有些動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞不能直接跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，需要在從句前先加上形式賓語it。 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make(按時(shí)到達(dá)，成功)，have(表明，堅(jiān)持說)，take(認(rèn)為，猜想)，hide(隱瞞)，publish(公布)，put(表達(dá)，寫出來)等。 I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. 我認(rèn)為你會(huì)很快離開上海。 The report has it that no one was to blame fo

21、r the accident. 報(bào)告表明沒有人要對(duì)這次意外負(fù)責(zé)。 We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 我們宣布我們已提前竣工了。,高 考 鏈 接,1(真題改編山東)Susan made _ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. 解析：考查代詞。句意：蘇珊向我明確表示：她想開始自己的新生活。此處it作形式賓語，真正賓語是that she wished to make a new life for herself。 2(真題改編陜西)Id appreciate _ if you could let me know in ad