1、U51050 Strategic Management戰(zhàn)略管理 Module 4: 第四章 Understanding the Strategic Management Internal Audit: 理解戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境： 內(nèi)部分析,Vision & Mission Statements 制定愿景和 使命陳述 Chapter 2,External Audit 實(shí)施外部 分析 Chapter 3,Internal Audit 實(shí)施外部 分析 Chapter 4,Long Term Objectives 建立長(zhǎng) 期目標(biāo) Chapter 5,Generate, Evaluate, Select Strat

2、egies 制定評(píng)價(jià)和 選擇戰(zhàn)略 Chapter 6,Implement Strategies: Mgt. Issues 戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施： 管理問題 Chapter 7,Implement Strategies: Marketing. Fin.Acctg, R&D,CIS 戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施：營(yíng)銷、財(cái)務(wù)、會(huì)計(jì)、研究開發(fā)及計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)問題 Chapter 8,Measure & Evaluate Performance 度量和評(píng) 估績(jī)效 Chapter 9,Comprehensive Strategic Management Model綜合戰(zhàn)略管理模型,Internal Assessment內(nèi)部分析,Inte

3、rnal Strategic Management Audit 內(nèi)部戰(zhàn)略管理分析 Functional areas of the business公司的職能部門 Focuses on developing objectives and strategies to capitalize on internal strengths and overcome weaknesses 關(guān)注目標(biāo)的確立和戰(zhàn)略的制定，以利用內(nèi)部?jī)?yōu)勢(shì)，克服劣勢(shì),Internal Assessment內(nèi)部分析,Distinctive Competencies 專有能力 strengths that cannot be easil

4、y matched or imitated by competitors 不容易為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手比較或模仿的優(yōu)勢(shì) building competitive advantage involves taking advantage of distinctive competencies 建立競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)涉及對(duì)專有能力的利用 strategies to improve on a firms weaknesses and turn to strengths 克服公司的劣勢(shì)，將其轉(zhuǎn)換為優(yōu)勢(shì)的戰(zhàn)略,Internal Assessment內(nèi)部分析,Internal Audit內(nèi)部分析 Gather & integra

5、te information from: 從下列收集和綜合信息： Management管理部門 Marketing營(yíng)銷部門 Finance/accounting財(cái)務(wù)/財(cái)會(huì) Production/operations 生產(chǎn)/運(yùn)作部門 Research & development研發(fā)部門 Management information systems etc管理信息系統(tǒng)等,Internal Assessment內(nèi)部分析,Internal Audit內(nèi)部分析 Involvement an internal strategic-management audit assists understanding

6、 nature and effect of decisions in all functional business areas 包含有一個(gè)內(nèi)部戰(zhàn)略管理的分析有助于理解所有職能領(lǐng)域的決策的性質(zhì)和影響,Internal Assessment內(nèi)部分析,Integrating Strategy and Culture 總體戰(zhàn)略和文化（P141） Organizational Culture 企業(yè)文化 Pattern of behavior developed by an organization as it learns to cope with problem of external adapta

7、tion and internal integration is valid and taught to members 企業(yè)在學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)外適應(yīng)環(huán)境，對(duì)內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)一體化的過程中形成的行為方式 行之有效并傳授給成員,Internal Assessment內(nèi)部分析,Organizational Culture組織文化（P142） Resistant to change 抵抗變革 May represent a strength or weakness 可能代表一種優(yōu)勢(shì)或劣勢(shì) Cultural products include:文化產(chǎn)品包括： Values, beliefs, rites, rituals,

8、 ceremonies, myths, stories, legends, sagas, language, symbols, leaders 價(jià)值、信仰、習(xí)俗、儀式、典禮、神 話、傳說、傳奇、語(yǔ)言、符號(hào)、領(lǐng)導(dǎo),Internal Assessment內(nèi)部分析,Organizational Culture企業(yè)文化 Can reduce impacts of strategic management: 能降低戰(zhàn)略管理的影響： Miss changes in environment because blinkered by strongly held beliefs 由于強(qiáng)烈的狹隘的信仰而失去對(duì)環(huán)境

9、變化的反應(yīng) When a culture effective, natural tendency to continue with it, even in times of major strategic change 一種文化一旦實(shí)施，自然趨勢(shì)會(huì)使之繼續(xù)，即使是在重要的戰(zhàn)略變革的時(shí)候也是如此,Exercise 1 練習(xí)1,What is the organisational culture at your workplace? 你工作場(chǎng)所的企業(yè)文化是什么？ How as it relevant to strategic management? 它與戰(zhàn)略管理的關(guān)系怎樣？ Share 1 exa

10、mple from each group with the class 每一小組與全班分享一個(gè)例子,Internal Assessment內(nèi)部分析,Traditional management functions傳統(tǒng)的管理功能（P147） Planning 規(guī)劃 Organizing 組織 Motivating 激勵(lì) Staffing 人員配備 Controlling 控制 New leadership functions 新的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)功能 Coordinating 協(xié)調(diào) Strategic leadership 戰(zhàn)略領(lǐng)導(dǎo) Steward, resource, coach, mentor 服務(wù)員、

11、資源、教練、導(dǎo)師 Any others? 還有其它嗎？,Internal Assessment Management Functions 內(nèi)部分析-管理功能（轉(zhuǎn)下頁(yè)）,Planning,Stage of Strategic- Management Process when most significant,Function,Strategy Formulation,Organizing,Strategy Implementation,Motivating,Strategy Implementation,Staffing,Controlling/ Coordinating,Strategy Im

12、plementation,Strategy Evaluation,Internal Assessment Management Functions 內(nèi)部分析-管理功能（P147）,規(guī)劃,在戰(zhàn)略管理過程中 哪一個(gè)階段最重要,功能,戰(zhàn)略制定,組織,戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施,激勵(lì),戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施,人員配備,控制/協(xié)調(diào),戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施,戰(zhàn)略評(píng)價(jià),Planning 規(guī)劃,Scanning & Forecasting 分析和預(yù)測(cè) Establishing objectives 樹立目標(biāo) Devising strategies 設(shè)計(jì)戰(zhàn)略 Developing policies 制定政策 Setting goals 確立總體目標(biāo),Man

13、agement 管理,Internal Assessment Management Functions 內(nèi)部分析-管理功能,Internal Assessment Management Functions內(nèi)部分析-管理功能,Organizing 組織,Organizational design 組織設(shè)計(jì) Job specialization 工作專業(yè)化 Job descriptions 工作說明 Job specifications 工作規(guī)范 Span of control 控制范圍的確定 Unity of command 權(quán)限劃分 Coordination 協(xié)調(diào) Job design 崗位設(shè)

14、置 Job analysis 崗位分析,Management 管理,Internal Assessment Management Functions內(nèi)部分析-管理功能,Motivating 激勵(lì),Leadership 領(lǐng)導(dǎo) Communication 溝通 Work groups 建立工作小組 Job enrichment 豐富工作內(nèi)容 Job satisfaction 提高員工工作滿意度 Needs fulfillment 滿足需求 Organizational change 組織調(diào)整 Morale 士氣,Management 管理,Internal Assessment Managemen

15、t Functions 內(nèi)部分析-管理功能,Staffing (HR) 人員配備（HR人力資源）,Wage & salary admin薪酬及工資管理 Employee benefits雇員福利 Interviewing面試 Hiring & Firing 錄用和解聘 Training 培訓(xùn) Management development管理發(fā)展 Safety安全 Affirmative action表?yè)P(yáng)措施 EEO提供平等就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì) Labor relations勞資關(guān)系 Career development職業(yè)發(fā)展 Discipline procedures制定紀(jì)律 Equity policy

16、公平政策 Work-life balance工作-生活平衡 Succession planning接班計(jì)劃,Management 管理,Internal Assessment Management Functions 內(nèi)部分析-管理功能,Controlling/ Coordinating 控制/協(xié)調(diào),Quality質(zhì)量控制 Finance財(cái)務(wù)控制 Sales銷售控制 Inventory庫(kù)貨控制 Expenses費(fèi)用控制 Variances變量控制 Rewards & Sanctions獎(jiǎng)賞及懲處,Management 管理,Exercise 2練習(xí)2,Which management func

17、tions are well done at your workplace? Why?在你的工作場(chǎng)所哪些管理功能做得好？為什么？ How does this effect strategic development and management?它們是如何影響戰(zhàn)略的發(fā)展和管理的？ Which are done least well & why? 哪些做得最不好，為什么？ Again share your best example with the class 與同學(xué)分享你最好的案例,Internal Assessment內(nèi)部分析,Management Audit Checklist管理分析清單

18、 Are company objectives and goals measurable and well communicated? 公司的總目標(biāo)與子目標(biāo)是否可以衡量的并且是充分溝通的？ Do managers at all hierarchical levels plan effectively? 所有層次上的經(jīng)理們是否都做到計(jì)劃有效？ Do managers delegate authority well? 經(jīng)理們的授權(quán)是否做得很好？ Is the organizations structure appropriate? 組織結(jié)構(gòu)合適么？ How do you rate/measure

19、management effectiveness? Are job descriptions and job specifications clear? 你是怎樣衡量管理效率的？工作描述和規(guī)范是否清晰？ Is employee morale high? 雇員士氣是否高昂？,Internal Assessment- Business Functions 內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能,Marketing 營(yíng)銷 Customer analysis 客戶分析 Selling products/services 銷售產(chǎn)品/服務(wù) Product and service planning 產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)計(jì)劃 Pricin

20、g 定價(jià) Distribution 分銷 Marketing research 市場(chǎng)調(diào)研 Opportunity analysis 機(jī)會(huì)分析,Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能,Marketing Audit Checklist營(yíng)銷分析檢查清單 Are markets segmented effectively?市場(chǎng)是否有效細(xì)分？ Is the organization positioned well among competitors? 在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者之間組織定位是否明確？ Is the market share increasing?

21、 市場(chǎng)份額是否在增加？ Are present channels of distribution reliable and cost effective? 目前分銷渠道是否可靠？有成本效率么？ Is there an effective sales force? 是否擁有有效銷售力量？ Again, how do you measure it? 另外，你怎樣衡量這些？,Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能,Marketing Audit Checklist營(yíng)銷分析檢查清單 Is there market research?有市場(chǎng)調(diào)研么

22、？ Are product quality and customer service good? 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和客戶服務(wù)好不好？ Are products/services priced appropriately? 產(chǎn)品/服務(wù)定價(jià)是否合適？ Is there an effective promotion, advertising, and publicity strategy? 是否有有效的促銷、廣告和公關(guān)戰(zhàn)略？,Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能,Marketing Audit Checklist 營(yíng)銷分析檢查清單 Are mark

23、eting planning and budgeting effective? 營(yíng)銷計(jì)劃和預(yù)算是否有效？ Do marketing managers have adequate experience and training?營(yíng)銷經(jīng)理有足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和培訓(xùn)么？,Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能,Finance/Accounting 財(cái)務(wù)/會(huì)計(jì) Investment decision (Capital budgeting) 投資決策（資本預(yù)算） Financing decision 融資決策 Dividend decision 股利決策

24、,Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能,Finance/Accounting Audit Checklist 財(cái)務(wù)/會(huì)計(jì)分析檢查清單 Can the business raise short-term capital? 企業(yè)是否能夠籌集短期資本？ Can the business raise long-term capital? 企業(yè)是否能夠籌集長(zhǎng)期資本？ Does the business have sufficient working capital? 企業(yè)是否擁有足夠的營(yíng)運(yùn)資本？ Are budgeting procedures

25、 effective? 預(yù)算過程是否有效？ Are the accounting tools satisfactory? 會(huì)計(jì)工具是否滿意？,Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能,Finance/Accounting Audit Checklist 財(cái)務(wù)/會(huì)計(jì)分析檢查清單 Are dividend payout policies reasonable? 股利支付政策是否合理？ Does the business have good relations with its investors and shareholders? 公司是否與

26、其投資人和股東關(guān)系良好？ Are financial managers experienced and well trained? 財(cái)務(wù)經(jīng)理是否經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富，且訓(xùn)練有素？ How do you assess governance and stakeholder as well as shareholder accountability? 你是如何評(píng)估監(jiān)管、利益相關(guān)者和股東的責(zé)任心的？,Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能,Production/Operations 生產(chǎn)/運(yùn)營(yíng) Process 流程 Capacity 能力 Inventor

27、y 庫(kù)存 Workforce 勞動(dòng)力 Quality 質(zhì)量,Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能,Production/Operations Audit Checklist 生產(chǎn)/運(yùn)營(yíng)分析檢查清單 Are suppliers of raw materials, parts, and subassemblies reliable and reasonable? 原材料、配件、部件的供應(yīng)商是否合理可靠？ Are facilities, equipment, machinery, and offices in good condition?

28、 設(shè)施、設(shè)備、機(jī)器和辦公室是否條件良好？ Are inventory-control policies and procedures effective? 庫(kù)存-控制政策和步驟是否有效？,Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能,Production/Operations Audit Checklist 生產(chǎn)/運(yùn)營(yíng)分析檢查清單 Are quality-control policies and procedures effective? 質(zhì)量-控制政策和步驟是否有效 Are facilities, resources, and market

29、s strategically located? 設(shè)施、資源和市場(chǎng)是否得到戰(zhàn)略性定位？ Does the business have technological competencies? 企業(yè)是否擁有技術(shù)能力？ Again, who measures, what & how? 另外，誰(shuí)來評(píng)估，為什么？如何？,Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能,Research & Development 研究開發(fā) Development of new products before competition 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)前開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品 Improving p

30、roduct quality 提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量 Improving manufacturing processes to reduce costs 提高制造流程以降低成本,Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能,Computer Information Systems 計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng) Information Systems 信息系統(tǒng) CIO/CTO 首席信息官/首席技術(shù)官 Security 安全 User-friendly 用戶友好 E-commerce 電子商務(wù),Internal Assessment- Business Functions內(nèi)部分析-企業(yè)職能,Computer Information Systems Audit Checklist 計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)分析檢查清單 Do all managers in the firm use information system to make decisions? 企業(yè)中的經(jīng)理人員是否運(yùn)用信息系統(tǒng)決策？ Is there a chief information