1、英語語法復(fù)習(xí),名 詞, ,名詞表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)的名稱或者抽象概念的詞。 名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩類。,名詞的定義和分類,名詞的種類,專有名詞：,普通名詞：,可數(shù)：,不可數(shù)：,個(gè)體名詞 nurse, house, horse, apple, pen,集體名詞 people, family, class, trousers,物質(zhì)名詞： water, paper, air, milk,抽象名詞： work, housework, homework, information, news, weather,專有名詞是具體的人和事物等特有名稱。專有名詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫，人名、地名、公共節(jié)日及月

2、份、周日的名稱等等都是屬于專有名詞。如：Yao Ming, China, March, New Years Day等。,物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目計(jì)算，為不可數(shù)名詞。 不可數(shù)名詞前不能加冠詞a 或an來表示量， 也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。,名詞的單數(shù)形式 一般可用a來修飾 a car a book a university 在元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前用 an an elephant an apple an eraser an hour an honest boy an interesting book. 請注意：a useful thing an unusual thing,名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 1.復(fù)數(shù)形

3、式的構(gòu)成方法 (1) 一般在復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加“s” dog dogs (2) 以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加“es” boxes watches buses brushes,(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加“es” country countries factory factories 如果是元音字母加y 結(jié)尾的名詞則只須加“s” boy boys monkey monkeys,(4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞加“s” radio radios zoo zoos 只有 potato, tomato和hero 加“es”構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù) potato potatoes tomato tomatoes (5)

4、以f、fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,變f、fe 為v再加“es” half halves shelf shelves knife knives leaf leaves,(6)可數(shù)名詞的不規(guī)則變化。 如：manmen womanwomen toothteeth footfeet childchildren FrenchmanFrenchmen,(1) 小馬虎彈著鋼琴 (piano) 聽著收音機(jī)(radio), 又到動(dòng)物園 (zoo) 照了張相(photo), 但考試得了個(gè)大雞蛋 (零分zero), 一律加 s。 (2) 黑人 (Negro) 英雄 (hero) 愛吃土豆(potato) 西紅柿 (tomat

5、o), 全部加 es。,(7)單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞： 如：sheepsheep fishfish; ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese (8)有些名詞無單數(shù)形式。 如：people(作“人們”解時(shí)) police clothes. (9)pants, shorts, glasses (眼鏡)只用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,(10)由man, woman 構(gòu)成的合成名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)將名詞及man, woman都變成復(fù)數(shù)。 如：man drivermen drivers woman teacherwomen teachers 但其他合成名詞，只要把合成名詞中的中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。 如：a

6、 banana treebanana trees a shoe factoryshoe factories,不可數(shù)名詞 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞屬于不可數(shù)名詞 如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。另外還有：,work time music money weather homework wood Information news medicine,1.不可數(shù)名詞無復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時(shí)?？闯蓡螖?shù) 盤子里有一些面包。 There is some bread on the plate. 沒有消息就是好消息。 No news is good news. 2.常用how much, much, a

7、 little, little, a lot of, some, any等來修飾不可數(shù)名詞 他每天花很多時(shí)間玩電腦游戲。 He spends much time in playing computer games every day. 邁克在家?guī)缀醪蛔黾覄?wù)。 Mike does little housework at home.,3.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of,a bottle of等來表示不可數(shù)名詞的量,單復(fù)數(shù)表現(xiàn)在of 前面的名詞上，而 of 后始終是單數(shù) There is a piece of paper in the book. We want

8、 three glasses of orange.,注意：可數(shù)名詞也可用量來表示， of后用復(fù)數(shù) There are two bags of eggs in the basket.,桌子上有一張紙。,我們想要三杯橙汁。,籃子里有兩袋雞蛋。,4.有些可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞在一定情 況下可相互轉(zhuǎn)化，同一個(gè)詞，但意思不同 (1) glass(玻璃) a glass(玻璃杯) paper(紙) a paper(報(bào)紙) work(工作) a work(著作) room(空間) a room(房間),(2) fruit(水果) fruits (各種水果) fish(魚) fishes(各種魚) time(時(shí)

9、間) times(時(shí)代),名詞的一般用法-名詞做定語 1.修飾另一名詞時(shí),一般用單數(shù) I planted two apple trees yesterday. 2.man woman用做定語時(shí),應(yīng)與后面的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致 This primary school needs a man teacher. There are over eighty women teachers in our school.,昨天我種了兩棵蘋果樹。,這間小學(xué)需要一位男老師。,在我們學(xué)校有八十多位女教師。,3.sports,clothes做定語時(shí),仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式 In our school, there will be

10、 a sports meeting next month. I buy a T-shirt at that clothes shop 4. 當(dāng)數(shù)詞與單位名詞一起做定語時(shí)， 單位名詞往往用單數(shù)形式,數(shù)詞與單位名詞用“-”連接 Mr. Wang has an eleven-year-old son.,我們學(xué)校下個(gè)月有一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)會。,我在那間服裝店買了一件T恤衫。,王先生有一人11歲大的兒子。,名詞做主語時(shí),應(yīng)注意名詞的數(shù)，避免主謂不一致。 這附近她的家是一個(gè)大家庭。 Her family is a large one in our neighborhood. 安的家人都是老師。 Anns famil

11、y are all teachers. 桌上有一副眼鏡 There is a pair of glasses on the desk.,bird- lady orange- ruler- cat- boy- girl case- wife- watch tree- key- question friend photo- card- family- dictionary,birds,ladies,oranges,rulers,cats,boys,girls,cases,wives,watches,trees,keys,questions,friends,families,dictionaries

12、,photos,cards,(1)How many _ do you want? A kilo, please. A. bananas B. meat C. bread D. milk (2)Taking a walk in the evening is a good _. So it is, it keep us healthy. A. rule B. hobby C. habit D. favor (3)These people are from _. They are _. A. Germany; Germen B. German; Germany C. Germany; Germani

13、esD. Germany; Germans (4)Would you pass me _? I want to write a letter. A. a paper B. a piece of paper C. two paper D. two piece of paper,A,C,D,B,Choose the best answers.,(5) _ mothers both work in this hospital. A. Jim and BillsB. Jims and Bills C. Jim and Bill D. Jims and Bill (6) In China, September 10th is _. A. Teachers Day B. Teachers Day C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day (7) Excuse me, where is the_？ A. mens restroom B. mens restroom C. mens restrooms D. men restrooms (8) The post office is a little far from her