1、Subjunctive Mood 虛擬語氣,1.英語動(dòng)詞有三種語氣， 陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。 2. 虛擬語氣定義：用來表示說的話不是事實(shí)，與事實(shí)相反，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。,條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。,一：虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。,1 真實(shí)條件句 真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語氣，假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，其中 if 是如果的意思。 If he comes, he will bring his violin.,The volleyball match wi

2、ll be put off if it _.A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained,答案B。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時(shí)，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。,條件從句,If 從句的謂語形式,主句的謂語形式,現(xiàn)在,過去,未來,過去時(shí)（were）,過去完成時(shí),Would/could/should/might +do,Would/could/should/might+have done,1.過去時(shí)(were) 2.should+V. 3. were to do,would/could/should/might +do,2 非真實(shí)條件句 1）時(shí)態(tài)：可以表示過去，現(xiàn)在和將來的

3、情況。它的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)退后。,1.If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick. 2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. 3. If you had come earlier, you would have seen her.,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,與過去事實(shí)相反,5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing. 6.I think we could do it, if we planed it proper

4、ly and could borrow the tools. 7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.,與將來事實(shí)相反,二：虛擬語氣特殊句型：,Wish 的賓語從句,現(xiàn)在： 過去： 未來：,過去時(shí)（were）,過去完成時(shí),would/could/might+V. should,I wish I were a bird.（現(xiàn)在） I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（過去） We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （將來）

5、,2. Would rather that,現(xiàn)在/未來： 過去：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,過去時(shí),過去完成時(shí),would rather (not) do - would rahter do A than do B would do A rather than do B * prefer to do A rather than do B,3. as if /though + Clause,現(xiàn)在： 過去

6、：,過去時(shí),過去完成時(shí), It seems as if it is going to rain.(真實(shí)),It seems as if it were spring. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,4.Its (about/high) time +that -,should +V.,過去時(shí)(were),我們?cè)撊ニX了。,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,5 特殊的虛擬語氣詞：should,1).賓語從句 表示要

7、求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。常見動(dòng)詞： 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。即 1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand , require, request, desire 這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞 使用should + 動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。,2).名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣。 以上動(dòng)詞的名詞形式order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire構(gòu)成的賓語從句

8、和同位語從句中, 表語從句(1)suggestedIt is+ (2)importantthat+ (should) do(3) a pity,(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted,(2)important, necessary, natural, strange (3)a pity, a shame, no wonder,Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to se

9、e me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,Her pale face suggests that she is badly ill today. She insisted that she hadnt stolen the money.,6.without和but for 構(gòu)成虛擬。but for要不是 Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for yo

10、ur help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.,7. If only 要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!,三： 虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn)：,1.假設(shè)條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞

11、不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語氣。混合條件句，主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而頂。 If it had rained last night (過去), it would be very cold today (現(xiàn)在). If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospitalnow.,2.假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中有should， were， had三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞可以把if省略，并將這三個(gè)詞提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,If I had had time, I wo