1、精選文檔主謂一致詳解【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)】主謂一致指“人稱(chēng)”和“數(shù)”方面的一致關(guān)系。對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，往往會(huì)在掌握主語(yǔ)和隨后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的一致問(wèn)題上遇到困難。一般情況下，主謂之間的一致關(guān)系由以下三個(gè)原則支配： 語(yǔ)法一致原則 (grammatical concord) 意義一致原則 (notional concord) 就近原則 (principle of proximity) （一）語(yǔ)法一致原則 用作主語(yǔ)的名詞詞組中心詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致，就是語(yǔ)法一致。也就是說(shuō)，如果名詞中心詞是單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果名詞中心詞是復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： This table is a genuin

2、e antique. Both parties have their own advantages. Her job has something to do with computers. She wants to go home. They are divorcing each other. Mary was watching herself in the mirror. The bird built a nest. Susan comes home every week-end. （二）意義一致原則 有時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致關(guān)系取決于主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義，而不是語(yǔ)法上的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，這樣的

3、一致關(guān)系就是意義一致。例如： Democratic government gradually take the place of an all-powerful monarchy. A barracks was attacked by the guerilla. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. The United States is a developed country. It is the remains of a ruined palace. The archives was lost. This pair of trousers cost

4、s fifty dollars. （三）就近原則 有時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。 例如： Either my grandsons or their father is coming. No one except his daughters agree with him. Mary and her sisters are baking a cake. Neither Richard nor I am going. 二、以集合名詞做主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 有些集合名詞，ommittee,council,crew,crowd,family,gang,government,group,

5、mob,staff,team, union等，在意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，但在語(yǔ)法形式上是單數(shù)，這類(lèi)名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題往往遵循“語(yǔ)法一致”或“意義一致”原則。例如： The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. A council of elders governs the tribe. The present government is trying to control inflation. The school staff are expected to supervise school meals. （一）通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞 包括police

6、,people, cattle, militia, vermin等，這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù)。 例如： The British police have only very limited powers. The militia were called out to guard the borderland. It seems the cattle on the sides of the dikes were the only living creatures in these desolate surroundings. （二）通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞 通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞，包括pou

7、ltry,foliage，machinery, equipment,furniture, merchandise等,這類(lèi)名詞后的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 例如： Poultry is expensive at this time of year. That green foliage was restful. The merchandise has arrived undamaged. All the machinery in the factory is made in China. The suite of furniture he bought was of contemporary style

8、. The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive. （三）可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞 可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞,包括audience, committee, crew, family, government,jury等。 例如： The audience was/were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play. The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. The jury is/are about to announce

9、the winners. The government has/have discussed the matter for a long time. 三、a committee, etc of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞的主謂一致問(wèn)題 如果主語(yǔ)是由a committee of /a panel of /a (the) board of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成，隨后的動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。 例如： A committee of twelve men is to discuss the matter. A panel of experts has considered the situation. The board of m

10、anagers is responsible for the firm. 四、以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式是在詞尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞并不是可數(shù)名詞。它們用法多樣，造成了實(shí)際使用上的困難，以下詳述了以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題。 （一）以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 （二）以-s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 （三）以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 （四）以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 （五）其它以-s結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問(wèn)題 （一）以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名

11、稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題,如：arthritis,bronchitis,diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,這類(lèi)以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。 例如： Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient. The diabetes is a kind of chronic disease. Measles usually occurs in children. Phlebitis is a swollen condition of the blood vessels. （二）以-s結(jié)

12、尾的游戲名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 以-s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。 例如： Darts is basically a easy game. Marbles is not confined to children. Skittles is not fashionable nowadays. Draughts is not very difficult to learn. 但當(dāng)Darts，Marbles等的意義為游戲器具而非游戲名稱(chēng)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù)。 例如： Three darts are thrown at each turn. All nine skittles w

13、ere brought down by the good throw. （三）以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 某些以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱(chēng)，如果是國(guó)名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，因其是單一政治實(shí)體，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作單數(shù)。 例如： The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s. In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976. 但如果是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱(chēng)作主

14、語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作復(fù)數(shù)。 例如： The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts. The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant. The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic importance. The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world. （四）以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 某些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)作

15、主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如physics,mathematics,mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。 例如： Physics is a fundamental subject in science. The third world economics is promising. Acoustics studies the science of sound. Mathematics is an interesting subject. Athletic

16、s is a required course for students of all grades. 但如果這類(lèi)名詞表示學(xué)科以外的其它含義，可作復(fù)數(shù)用。 例如： Athletics have been greatly encouraged at this college. The acoustics of the new concert hall are perfect. The economics of the project are still at issue. （五）其它以-s結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問(wèn)題 A.以-s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)中有一些通常以-s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組

17、成的物體名詞，如glasses, pincers,pliers,scissors, shorts,suspenders,trousers等，這類(lèi)名詞做主語(yǔ)，如果不帶“一把”、“一副”等單位詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如： Marys glasses are new. Johns trousers are black. 如果帶有單位詞， 則由單位詞決定動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。 例如： One pair of pincers isnt enough. Two pairs of scissors are missing from my tool box. B.其他以-s結(jié)尾的名詞 英語(yǔ)中還有一些以- s

18、結(jié)尾的名詞，如archives，arms,clothes, contents, eaves, fireworks, goods, minutes, morals, remains stairs, suburbs, thanks,wages這類(lèi)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如： The archives of the country are kept in the Department of Security. The contents of the book are most amusing. High wages often result in high prices. My tha

19、nks are sincere. 五、如果句子的主語(yǔ)是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，其主謂一致問(wèn)題通常遵循以下原則： （一）由and/both.and連接的并列主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 （二）由or/nor/either.or連接的并列主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 （三）主語(yǔ) + as much as,etc的主謂一致問(wèn)題 （一）由and/both.and連接的并列主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 由and/both.and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，可根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意義決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。 例如： Pancakes and syrup is a tasty breakfast. The number and diversity of Brit

20、ish newspaper is considerable. Good and bad taste are inculcated by example. Fish and chips are getting very expensive. A truck and a car were in the ditch. Both Cathy and her daughter Lida have gone fishing in Canada. 當(dāng)and連接的并列名詞詞組帶有each，every,或者many a 等限定詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。 例如： Each man and each woman t

21、here is asked to help. Every flower and every bush is to be cut down. Every change of season, every change of weather, indeed every hour of the day, produces some change in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains. Many a boy was disappointed after seeing the film. （二）由or/nor/either.or連接的并列主語(yǔ)的

22、主謂一致問(wèn)題 由or,nor,either.or, neither.nor,not only.but also連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，隨后的動(dòng)詞形式通常按照“就近原則”處理。 例如： Neither Lucy nor Carol has any money left. Neither sleet nor snow stops him from driving his new Mercedes-Benz. Either Tina or Carol is sure to know the answer. Neither my father nor my brothers are likely to

23、be at theater. Neither the Kansas coach nor the players were confident of victory. Not only one, but all of us are hoping to be there. Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been stolen. （三）主語(yǔ) + as much as,etc的主謂一致問(wèn)題 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有由as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等引導(dǎo)的從屬結(jié)構(gòu)，或跟有由a

24、s well as, in addition to ,with, along with, together with, except等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)， 其后的動(dòng)詞形式取決主語(yǔ)的形式。 例如： The vessel, with its entire crew and cargo was lost. The ocean, as well as the gulf and the bay, provides good fishing. John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. Hugh,as well as his two sisters, is vac

25、ationing in Wyoming this summer. Some of the employees as much as the manager were responsible for the failure. My husband,more than anyone else in the family, is longing to go there again. Billy, together with his sisters, was wounded in the accident. No one except two girls was late for school. 六、

26、以表示數(shù)量概念的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 數(shù)量概念分兩類(lèi)：一類(lèi)是確定數(shù)量，如 two years, five seconds,three kilos,等，另一類(lèi)是非確定數(shù)量，如all of., some of., none of.。如果用這類(lèi)表示數(shù)量概念的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)，會(huì)產(chǎn)生主謂一致問(wèn)題。 （一）以表示確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 （二）以表示非確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 （一）以表示確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為表示確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組時(shí)，如果數(shù)量概念被看做一個(gè)整體，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如果被看做組成該數(shù)量的個(gè)體，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如： The treasurer con

27、sidered that twenty dollars was not too much to ask. Two months is too short a time, General manager warned, we must hurry up. Three weeks is needed to complete the task. There were six silver dollars in each of the stockings. Three pints is not enough to get him drunk. A total of 50,000 new bicycle

28、s was registered in the year. 如果作主語(yǔ)的名詞詞組是由“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of”詞組構(gòu)成，其動(dòng)詞形式取決于of詞組中名詞的類(lèi)別。 例如： Two-thirds of the people present is against the plan. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea. Over twenty percent of the city was destroyed in the war. Forty-five percent of the doctors were woman

29、. 兩數(shù)相減或相除，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；兩數(shù)相加或相乘，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如： Sixty minus seventeen leaves forty-three. Forty-two divided by six is seven. Six and eight makes/make fourteen. Six times eight is/are forty-eight. 如果主語(yǔ)由one in/one out of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 構(gòu)成，在正式語(yǔ)體中，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如： One in ten students has passed the examination. One out of twelve bottles was left intact. （二）以表示非確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 如果主語(yǔ)由 a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of +名詞或由“a kind/sort/type of, this kind/sort/type of+名詞” 構(gòu)成，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。 例如： A panel of us has decided to hire a boat