1、一.賓語從句的定義置于動(dòng)詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語從句。有些形容詞（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以帶賓語從句。二.賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，引導(dǎo)詞有： 連詞：that (that ?？墒÷?,whether, if 代詞：who, whose, what ,which 副詞：when ,where, how, why 等。（一）that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（在非正式場(chǎng)合that可以省略）1. 可跟that從句做賓語的動(dòng)詞有：say, think, insist, wish, hope,

2、demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. 2.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that在下列情況下一般不省略：（1

3、）. 賓語從句前有插入語。如：We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反，我們希望他和我們呆在家里。（2）. 有間接賓語時(shí)。如：He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告訴我他要去日本。（3）. that在與之并列的另一個(gè)賓語從句之后。如：He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他說那本書很有趣，所有小孩都喜歡讀。（4）

4、. 在“it(形式賓語)+補(bǔ)語”之后時(shí)。如：I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我們認(rèn)為他有必要留在這里。（5）. that從句單獨(dú)回答問題時(shí)。如：What did he hear? 他聽說了什么事？That Kate had passed the exam. (他聽說)凱特考試及格了。（6）. 在except等介詞后。如：He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽煙太多之外,沒有什么特別的毛病。（7）. 位于句首時(shí)。如：That our team will w

5、in, I believe. 我相信我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏。（8）. 在較為正式或不常用的動(dòng)詞(如reply, object)后。如：He replied that he disagreed. 他回答說他不同意。（二）由whether,if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 由whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，實(shí)際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。意思是“是否”。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來，在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用，但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。1.只能用whether，不能用if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（1）在帶to的不定式前例句：We decided whether to walk the

6、re. （2）在介詞的后面例句：Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film. （3）在動(dòng)詞discuss后面的賓語從句時(shí)例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week （4）直接與or not連用時(shí)例句：I cant say whether or not thet can come on time. 2.只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（1）if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“如果”例句：The students will go on a picnic if it

7、 is sunny. （2）if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時(shí)例句：He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday. （3）引導(dǎo)狀語從句even if（即使）和as if（好象）時(shí)例句：He talks as if he has known all about it. （三）連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 這樣的賓語從句實(shí)際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, do

8、ubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。英語中的連接代詞有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?英語中的連接副詞有：when,where,why,how，在句中擔(dān)任狀語的成分。例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.三.賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即：連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。例句如下：I dont

9、know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave? Can you imagine what kind of man he is? 四.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句須用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time. 當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)時(shí)，即使

10、主句是過去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.五 賓語從句中的否定前移 如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是believe, think, guess, suppose等，而且主句的主語又是第一人稱時(shí)，它后面接的賓語從句的否定詞通常要前移到主句中，即否定主句中的動(dòng)詞，這也就是我們平常所說的“否定的轉(zhuǎn)移”。 I dont think (that) it will rain. I dont believe he tells lies. 注意： 這種否定前移的賓語從句，在變成反意疑問句時(shí)，反意

11、疑問句的主謂語要與從句一致。 I dont think (that) he is interested in that thing, is he? 我認(rèn)為他對(duì)那件事不感興趣，對(duì)嗎？ 如果主句的主語是第二和第三人稱時(shí)，它后面接的賓語從句的否定詞通常不前移，它的反意疑問句的主謂語應(yīng)該與主句一致，即如果主句是肯定，反意疑問部分就用否定；如果主句是否定，那么反意疑問部分就用肯定。 She thought that film was not interesting, didnt she? 她認(rèn)為那部電影不好看，是嗎？ You think you cant get up, dont you? 你認(rèn)為你起不

12、來，是嗎？六賓語從句的簡化（常用六法 ）方法一：簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him. 方法二：簡化為“疑問詞+不定式” 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是know， learn， rememb

13、er， forget， tell等動(dòng)詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是tell， ask， show， teach等動(dòng)詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to

14、get to the station？ 方法三：簡化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式” 當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是order（命令），require（需要）等時(shí)，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once. 方法四：簡化為介詞加動(dòng)名詞（短語） 某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞（短語）等其他形式簡化。例如： He insisted that he should go with

15、us. He insisted on going with us. The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth. 方法五：簡化為“賓語+V-ing形式（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）” 某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語+V-ing形式（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wall

16、et lying on the ground. 方法六：簡化seem后的賓語從句動(dòng)詞seem后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式（短語）來簡化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?。例如?It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如： I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well. Soon we found that the groun

17、d was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow. They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy 七，其他需要說明的問題 1標(biāo)點(diǎn)由主句決定，如主句是陳述句、祈使句，則用句號(hào)；是疑問句則用問號(hào)。 eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take? 2要注意個(gè)別句子中主從句人稱的一

18、致。 3.賓語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)分 eg. 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.2） I dont know if the train has arrived. 句1）中if引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句。這個(gè)從句表示“條件”，修飾主句。整個(gè)句子的意思是如果明天天氣好，我就出去。 句2）中if引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，充當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞dont know的賓語。整個(gè)句子的意思是我不知道火車是否到達(dá)。判斷方法： 1從位置看： 狀語從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（個(gè)別除外），賓語從句只能放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之后。2從引導(dǎo)詞看： if充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于whether，詞義為

19、“是否”，充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時(shí)，詞義為“如果”。when充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為“什么時(shí)候”，充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。3從時(shí)態(tài)看： if和when作連接詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語從句要注意：從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。if和when充當(dāng)從屬連詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)條件和時(shí)間狀語從句，若主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí)，則從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來（即”主將從現(xiàn)”）。八。典型錯(cuò)句解析 1. He doesnt know that when she can return him his book.【解析】know that when she know when she 引導(dǎo)賓

20、語從句的連詞不可同時(shí)使用 2. He doesnt like that Ive brought him. 【解析】thatwhat，what引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，常無疑問意義，表示“所人(物)”,在從句中作主語,賓語或表語 3. Its a question of if we should help her.【解析】if whether介詞后接的賓語從句不能用if而應(yīng)用whether 引導(dǎo) 4. Could you tell me where is she? 【解析】is she she is賓語從句一律用陳述句語序，即謂語動(dòng)詞位于主語后面 5. I think you are going to t

21、he park, dont you?【解析】dont arent you在I think that結(jié)構(gòu)中，其后反意疑問句附加部分，要與that之后的從句主，謂一致 6. Could you tell me which place she lives?【解析】liveslives in. 賓語從名中的動(dòng)詞不是及物動(dòng)詞，后面要帶介詞 7. He asked me when the train will arrive.【解析】willwould.主從時(shí)態(tài)要前后呼應(yīng)，主句為過去時(shí)，從句要用過去時(shí)形式 8. I dont know that I said.【解析】that what. that引導(dǎo)賓語從

22、句時(shí)，其本身無詞義what作said 的賓語一從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)填空。 1I dont know _ he will come tomorrow_ he comes，Ill tell you Aif；Whether Bwhether；Whether Cif；That Dif；If2I dont know _ the day after tomorrow Awhen does he come Bhow will he come Cif he comes Dwhether hell come3Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is

23、？ Awhat Bhow Cwhether Dwhere4Could you tell me _ the radio without any help？ Ahow did he mend Bwhat did he mend Chow he mended Dwhat he mended5I want to know _ Awhom is she looking after Bwhom she is looking Cwhom is she looking Dwhom she is looking after6Do you know where _ now？ Ahe lives Bdoes he

24、live Che lived Ddid he live7Do you know what time _ ？ Athe train leave Bdoes the train leave Cwill the train leave Dthe train leaves8I dont know _ Can you tell me，please？ Ahow the two players are old Bhow old are the two players Cthe two players are how old Dhow old the two players are9The small chi

25、ldren dont know _ Awhat is their stockings in Bwhat is in their stockings Cwhere is their stockings in Dwhat in their stockings10I cant understand _ Awhat does Christmas mean Bwhat Christmas does mean Cwhat mean Christmas does Dwhat Christmas means11 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink wit

26、h them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take12. Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 13 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are 14 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A.

27、could she B. she could C. she can D. she may 15 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled 16 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that17 I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where18 I hard

28、ly understand_ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who19 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be20 I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when21 Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B

29、when C why D how22 He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose 23.They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which 24.Please tell me _what last year. A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked 25.S

30、he asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it 26. You must remember _. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said27 Did you know _? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looki

31、ng for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after28 Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing 29.What did Mike say? He said _. A. if you were free the next week B. what colour was it C

32、. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring 30 Tom asked my friend _. A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry 31 Let me tell you _. A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. h

33、ow much I spent on the car 32 Peter knew _. A. whether he finishes reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris 33 Teacher said that the earth _ round the sun. A. move B. moved C. moves D. moving 34 My friends said Amy _ a

34、white blouse in the fashion show. A. is wearing B. was wearing C. wears D. wear 35 Jack told me _. A. where will he go B. where would he go C. where he would go D.where he will go 36 I want to know _? A. She whether is coming or not B. whether she is coming or not C. if she is coming or not D. weath

35、er she is coming or not 37 We must find out _ A. does she do all this B. if she do all this C. who did all this D. did she do all this 38 Now in the word , people wear _ A. what they like B. what did they like C. what do they like D. they like what 39 I dont know _ I am free this afternoon. A. weath

36、er B. if C. when D that 40 The teacher said the sun _(rise) in the east. A. rain B. rains C. raining D. to rain 二. 根據(jù)漢語句子的意思完成下列英語句子1. 李明說他對(duì)玩電腦游戲感興趣。Li Ming says _ _ interested in playing computer games.2. 我認(rèn)為瑪麗不回來了。I dont think Mary _ _.3. 山姆給我說他準(zhǔn)備去上海。Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai.4. 請(qǐng)你告訴我去鐘

37、樓怎麼走嗎？Could you tell me _ I can get to the Bell Tower?5. 父親說他買了一臺(tái)新電腦。Father said that he _ _ a new computer.6. 我想知道今天晚上還有沒有去北京的火車。I want to know _ there is a train to Beijing.7. 你知道一個(gè)雙人間多少錢嗎？Do you know _ _ a double room _?8. 請(qǐng)你告訴我我們外出多長時(shí)間好嗎？Could you tell me _ _ were going to be away?9. 叔叔說他正在寫一本新小

38、說。Uncle said that he _ _ a new novel.10. 杰克說他有重要事情要做。Jack said he _ something important to do.三.將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。 1.These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong. 2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster tha

39、n sound. 3.There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know. Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days. 4.Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French. 5.Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games. 6.Did you finish your homework? M

40、r. Zhao asked Ma Chao Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _ he _ his homework y. 7.How many people are there in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture? 8.Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car? 9.What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered

41、 _ _ often _ about. 10.Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know. I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 11.Does your uncle live in Beijing ? He asks me. He asks me _ my uncle _ in Beijing. 12.Is it impolite to eat so noisily ? Can you tell me ? Can you tell me _ _ _ impolite to eat so noisily

42、 ? 四。用合適的連接詞填空。 1.Jimtoldme_hedidntgofishingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why） 2.Doyouknow_elseisgoingtobeondutytoday？（who,whom） 3.Shesaid_itwouldntmattermuch.（that,if） 4.Healwaysthinks_hecandobetter.（how,who） 5.Ireallydontknow_thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon） 6.Theydontknow_togoorwait.(if,whethe

43、r) 7.Wearetalkingabout_wellgobacktomorrow.(whether,if) 8.Iwasreallysurprisedat_Isaw.(where,what) 9.Idontknow_somanypeoplearelookingathim.(how,why) 10.Doyouknow_youarestudyingfor?(why,what) 五。合并句子1. Why did he go to bed so early ? I dont know.2. Do you know ? When will the basketball match begin ?3.

44、“ How long have you lived in London ?” She asked me.4. When did you come here ? Please tell me.5. “Whats wrong with you ?” Father asked me.6. Can you tell me ? Where did they spend their holiday ?7. Can you tell us ? Where can we get a computer ?8. He wants to know. What is her e-mail address ?9. Mu

45、m asked. What day is it today ?10. He asked. Is it going to rain tomorrow ?11. What will happen tomorrow? Nobody knows.12. What class are they in ? He asked me.13. Does her father work in the factory ? Could you tell me ?14. The teacher says to us “ You must get to school on time .”15. Will he come

46、here tonight ? Im not sure. 16. “Im making a model train.” He said. 17. Whose is that car ? The policeman asked.18. Did the man pay for the meal ? The boss asked the waiter. 19. How is the weather like ? She wanted to know. 20. What are the children doing over there ? The headmaster asked .六。將下面的復(fù)合句

47、變?yōu)楹唵尉洹?. I hope that I will hear from you soon. I hope _ _ from you soon. 2. I wonder how I can go there. I wonder _ _go there. 3. When and where they should build a new power station is a difficult problem for them. When and where _ _ a new power station is a difficult problem for them. 4.Ithink th

48、at it is dangerous to play with fire. Ithink _ _ to play with fire. 5. I saw that he was playing computer games. I saw _ _ computer games.6.She heard that the boy cried all night. She heard the boy _ all night.7. It seemed that he would catch up with others. He seemed _ _ up with others. 8.The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered at once. 9.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground thick snow. 10。He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted with u