1、Paragraph Writing,Structure of a paragraph Topic sentence Paragraph unity Paragraph coherence Ways of developing a paragraph Introductory dont merely repeat it. Link your sentences to make your ideas easy to follow.,Paragraph 1 The tradition of exchanging gifts at Christmas is practiced differently

2、in different families. Some families do one thing while others do something differently. Some families exchange gifts; others dont. In some families fewer gifts are exchanged. Others give as many as possible. This tradition is a good, healthy tradition. My family has been practicing this tradition a

3、ll along.,Paragraph 2 The tradition of exchanging gifts at Christmas is practiced differently in different families. In my family, for example, we exchange wrapped presents on Christmas Eve after dinner. On Christmas Day there are also gifts from Santa Claus under the tree for my sister and me. Sant

4、a Claus has been bringing such gifts to our house since I was a child, and my sister and I like the tradition so well that even though were now grown-up, weve asked him never to stop. In my best friend Janes family, on the other hand, the gifts are not opened on Christmas Eve but on Christmas Day. S

5、anta Claus stopped coming by their house once the children became teenagers. The gifts to each other, however, are not labeled, so you never know who gives what. Nevertheless, one thing stays the same: both families enjoy the spirit of Christmas equally, although in their own way.,Paragraph 3 Many s

6、tudents in the United States live away from home while attending college. In some cases, students choose colleges that are many miles away from their hometown; some even go to schools on the other side of the country. In this case, they must live apart from their families. Some young people choose t

7、o leave home at the age of eighteen even though they are not attending college. Even students who attend colleges in their own towns may sometimes decide to live in apartments or dormitories on campus. Reasonably priced housing has become increasingly hard to find in many college communities. Studen

8、ts who choose to live on campus rather than at home often do so because they want to be involved in campus activities. Some also feel that living close to campus makes them study harder because they are away from the distractions of home life. In general, it is more common for American college stude

9、nts to live on campus than at home.,Paragraph Coherence,Coherence is connection A coherent paragraph is the one in which every sentence after the first is connected to the one before it, to the topic sentence or both, and readers can readily follow the writers train of thought (=related series of th

10、oughts). An incoherent paragraph is one in which the sentences are badly connected or not connected at all, and the readers are likely to lose their way.,How to achieve paragraph coherence,Arrange sentences in a clear order. Use correct pronouns Use correct linking words and expressions,Point out wh

11、ich of the following three paragraphs is coherent and which is not and why.,Passage 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look ahead, you think you have more time than you need. At the beginning of a semester, we may feel that we have plenty of time on our hands. T

12、oward the end of the term we may suddenly find that time is running out. You didnt have enough time to cover all you duties, so you get worried. What is the answer? Control! (77 words),Passage 2 As I major in international affairs, I am concerned with what is happening in the world. I can always get

13、 the latest news on the internet. I seize every opportunity to make friends, gain experience and develop my abilities by taking part in activities on campus. The computer is the most useful resource I have at college. It helps me a lot in finding information for my studies and in coping with my cour

14、se assignments. As I visit the university website daily, I am well informed on what is going on on campus. With the computer, I feel connected not only with family and friends, but also with all corners of the world. It is easier and quicker than snail mail, and more economical than the telephone. I

15、t enables me to keep in close touch with my parents and friends. We communicate by email. I often get encouragement and advice from family and friends, so I dont feel lonely and too much on my own. (165 words),Passage 3 There are several reasons why I have been unhappy since I came to Beijing. First

16、, I come from the south. The weather here is so cold and changeable that I often catch cold. Another reason is that I am very lonely. This is the first time I have ever been away form home for more than a week. I miss my family terribly, and I am too shy to make friends with my fellow students. The

17、most important problem I have is that I am far behind others in my class in almost all English courses. I dont catch much in the listening class; in intensive reading, I always find many new words; I can hardly open my mouth in the oral class while many of my classmates speak fluent and beautiful En

18、glish, and they can speak at length. My teachers tell me not to lose heart. They say they believe I will catch up. I hope I will, too. (160 words),Linking Expressions,then, if, when, because, even though, first For many centuries Javanese culture has been influenced by Animism and Hinduism. new reli

19、gious are growing among the peoplethe Moslem, Catholic, and Protestant religionsmany people feel that traditional ceremonies are an obligation for a Javanese. they dont fulfill their obligation, they believe that bad luck will come to them or to their family. my fiance and I decided to marry, my fam

20、ily encourage use to a traditional Javanese wedding ceremony, and we agreed. a traditional Javanese wedding is so complicated, it needs plenty of time for preparation. we had to decide how many people would be invited from outside of the housing complex: my friends from work, my husbands friends, my

21、 parents friends form church and from other communities. People from the housing complex are automatically invited. , June is a popular month for weddings, we had difficulty finding a church hall which hold 800 hundred people.,My heart gave a leap I heard the announcement that our train would soon a

22、rrive at its destinationBeijing. Like other passengers, I began to collect my things and put my mug, towel, atlas, apples, and other things into my bag. To a tune of a beautiful song the train pulled into the station and gently stopped by a platform. I walked out of the train was carried forward by

23、the stream of people into an underground passage and into a big hall. I stepped out of the station, I was dazzled by the bright autumn sky of Beijing. I had been on the train for more than thirty hours spent a sleepless night, I didnt feel tired at all, I believe my days in Beijing would be as sunny

24、 as the sky.,How to Write a Narrative Paragraph?,What is a narrative paragraph? A narrative paragraph is one that briefly tells a story, describes an incident or a personal experience. Requirements that a good narrative paragraph should meet Though its length is limited, it is complete, that is, it

25、has beginning, middle and end. It includes only details that are important to the point of the story. Its sentences are connected by suitable linking words and expressions.,Here are some linking words and expressions: afterward; later; when; shortly afterward; soon; while; the next day/night; before

26、; then; and at the same time; in the meantime; meanwhile; presently; recently; somewhat later; finally; at last; eventually Study the following three narrative paragraphs and decide whether they meet the guidelines or not.,Passage 1 My most memorable experience in primary school happened in Ms. Chen

27、s geography class. She gave us a quiz that I hadnt studied for. When I saw the ten questions, I knew I was dead. I didnt know a single answer! I decided to guess. So I sat there at my desk, pen in hand, and took a stab at giving my answers: A, or B, or C, or D. The next week Ms. Chen returned our pa

28、pers, with a big “Excellent” down on mine. That meant only one thingI had got the highest mark in the class. And I had. I had guessed nine of the ten correctly. Later Ms. Chen said to me that this just went to prove what I could do if I would only study. (130 words),Good narrative paragraph It is co

29、mplete with a beginning, middle and end. It makes a point: how MS. Chen misunderstood the situation. All the details relate to the point of the message. The passage is well connected by linking words: so, and, later, etc.,Passage 2 I still remember what happened in the first class on my first day in

30、 primary school. I got up very early that morning and felt excited but a little nervous. I walked into the classroom alone. After a while a teacher came, wearing a new suit. When she sorted us into lines, she told us girls to stand on the right side and the boys on the left. I moved to the right, of

31、 course. But the teacher looked confused and said to me, “Boy, what do you mean, standing with the girls?” The class burst out laughing and I felt very embarrassed. Then the teacher looked at me closely and also laughed. Afterward a girl said that I was too tall and thin for a girl, and my hair was

32、too short, too. She said that was why the teacher had taken me for a boy. That girl soon became my best friend. Later, I got the nickname “Tomboy”. (160 words),It is complete with a beginning, middle and end. It make a point: how the writer got her nickname “Tomboy”. It includes details that dont re

33、late to the point of the paragraph. They are: “I got up very early that morning and felt excited but a little nervous. I walked into the classroom alone. After a while a teacher came, wearing a new suit.” “That girl soon became my best friend.” The passage is well connected by linking words: but, an

34、d, then and later.,An improved version: I still remember what happened in the first class on my first day in primary school. When a teacher came into the classroom, she sorted us into lines. She told us girls to stand on the right side and the boys on the left. I moved to the right, of course. But t

35、he teacher looked confused and said to me, “Boy, what do you mean, standing with the girls?” The class burst out laughing and I felt very embarrassed. Then the teacher looked at me closely and also laughed. Afterward a girl said that I was too tall and thin for a girl, and my hair was too short, too

36、. She said that was why the teacher had taken me for a boy. Later, I got the nickname “Tomboy”.,Passage 3 This was how Xiaolin and I became goods friends. It was the second week of my first year at middle school. One day, the last class was over; it was raining cats and dogs, I was standing at the s

37、chool gate waiting for the rain to stop. I had no umbrella, no rain coat with me. I was wondering how long I would have to wait, I saw a girl carrying a red umbrella coming along. She was a classmate of mine. I didnt know her name. She stopped before me and said, “Hi, Im Lin Yuqing. Lets share this

38、umbrella. I think we are going in the same direction.” With these words she pulled me under the umbrella, and we left our school. The umbrella was not big enough for two of us, soon we got wet. Her kindness warmed my heart. That unforgettable experience was the beginning of a friendship that has las

39、ted for six years. (158 words),It is complete with a beginning, middle and end. It make a point: how the writer and the classmate became good friends. All the details that relate to the point the writer makes in the paragraph. The passage lacks smooth transition to connect the sentences.,An improved

40、 version: I still remember how Xiaolin and I became goods friends. It was the second week of my first year at middle school. One day, when the last class was over, it was raining cats and dogs. I was standing at the school gate waiting for the rain to stop. I had neither an umbrella nor a rain coat

41、with me. I was wondering how long I would have to wait when I saw a girl carrying a red umbrella coming along. She was a classmate of mine, but I didnt know her name. She stopped before me and said, “Hi, Im Lin Yuqing. Lets share this umbrella. I think we are going in the same direction.” With these

42、 words, she pulled me under the umbrella, and we left our school. The umbrella was not big enough for two of us, so soon we got wet. But her kindness warmed my heart. That unforgettable experience was the beginning of a friendship that has lasted for six years. (166 words),How to write an interestin

43、g paragraph?,State your story in an interesting topic sentence. Make enough details to make what you say believable.,Point out which of the following sentences would make a good topic sentence for a paragraph. Whats wrong with the others?,Once I fell off my bike and broke my leg. The most frightenin

44、g day of my life was when I was blown out to sea in a small rowboat. Pets are a comfort to many, especially to lonely old people. Liu Fang is one of the most imaginative girls I have ever met.,Love is a wonderful thing. Your children are always your babies, even if they have gray hair. Table tennis

45、began in Britain. Parents learn a lot from their children about coping with life. Christmas is celebrated on the 25th of December.,Study the passage below and find out what is wrong with it and do the best you can do to improve it. My father told me about something that happened to him last month. H

46、e was in Shanghai on a business trip. He decided to buy gifts for Mom and me. He strolled around, looking into shop windows for ideas. He was getting tired so he decided to have a cup of tea and rest in a teahouse. The man sitting at the next table looked somehow familiar. Finally my father recogniz

47、ed the man. He was Dads college roommate he had not seen for twenty years.,Last month while in Shanghai on a business trip, my father decided to buy gifts for Mom and me. So the last day, he was in a shopping street. He strolled around, looking into shop windows for ideas. Dad never liked shopping.

48、Soon he was getting tired and decided to have a cup of tea and rest in a nearby teahouse. There were about a dozen of people there, but a middle-aged man sitting next to a window caught his attention. The man looked somehow familiar, but Dad could not remember where he had seen him. He chose a table

49、 next to the mans and began to sip his tea. Ten minutes passed and Dad still had no idea who the man was. Then the man lifted his head and looked in Dads direction. “Hey, are you Xiao Zhong, our monitor?” the man suddenly called out. My father finally recognized him. He was Dads college roommate, wh

50、om he had not seen for 20 years.,My favorite singer is Jay Chou. His Chinese name is Zhou Jie Lun. He is the most popular singer in China, even in Asia. His fans range from the youngest children of 7,8 years old to the oldest people of 40,50 years old. I do not think he is very handsome, but so cool

51、 that everybody thinks he is not easy to understand, I am also one of the most loyal fan. Jay Chou is actually very cool. Because of he does not say more in any activity. However, I think of myself that I can read his soul from all of his songs. Jay Chou is an active young man, his songs shows great

52、 individuality. I like him not only because of his song, but also the idea brought out form his songs.,My favorite singer is Jay Chou. His Chinese name is Zhou Jielun. It is said that he is the most popular singer in China, and even in Asia. His fans range from children as young as 7 or 8 to adults

53、as old as 40 or 50. I am also one of his most loyal fans. Although I do not think he is very handsome, he is so cool! Because he does not say much in any activity, almost everybody thinks that he is not easy to be understood /that it is not easy to understand him. However, I think that I myself can

54、read his soul from his songs. Jay Chou is an active young man, and his songs show great individuality. I like him not only because of his songs, but also because of the idea brought out from them.,Computers are widely used in school As the developing of science technology, the computers are go deep

55、into the public life. Recently, computers are use in a lot of field, for example, education system, medicine system, transformation system and bank, etc. Today, we talk about the computer are used in school and what advantage for teachers and students. Computers are used in school became issue. Firs

56、tly, students and teachers use computer find useful information and surf online that is save time, it is convincing than the read books or newspaper. Secondly, if students good at using computer, it is good to come into society, because computer are using in a lot of areas, now. thirdly, teachers us

57、e computer show the pictures or courseware that is good to receive knowledge for students. Using computer is good to students receive a lot of knowledge online and it is tough the Internet complement each other.,The Advantages of Using Computers on Campus Nowadays, computers are increasingly used on

58、 campus, which brings great convenience to both teachers and students. Firstly, it is quite easy for teachers and students to use computers to get useful information from the internet. Besides saving them a lot of time, online service offers them an easier access to a larger scope of information than books or newspapers. Secondly, co