1、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：代詞,1,代詞,代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類(lèi)。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語(yǔ)中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、自身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞八種。,2,人稱代詞,人稱代詞是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我們”、“你們”、“他們”的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化，見(jiàn)下表： 數(shù)單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)格主格 賓格 主格賓格 第一人稱 Ime weus第二人稱youyouyouyou he himthey them 第三人稱sheherthey them it it they them Give it to _ (I). P

2、ass _ (he) the book. Tell _ (she) the story. Listen to _ (they).,3,物主代詞,物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種，其人物和數(shù)的變化見(jiàn)下表。 數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱 第一第二第三第一第二第三人稱 人稱 人稱人稱人稱人稱形容詞性myyourhis/her/its our your their物主代詞名詞性 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs物主代詞,4,物主代詞,形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，作前置定語(yǔ)，用在名詞前。 例: 1) Th

3、is is _ book. 這是我的書(shū)。 2) We love_ motherland. 我們熱愛(ài)我們的祖國(guó)。 名詞性物主代詞起名詞的作用。名詞性物主代詞= 形容詞性物主代詞+名詞 例:1) Look at the two pencils. The red one is _ and the blue one is _. = The red one is _ pencil and the blue one is _ pencil. 看那兩支鉛筆，紅的是你的，藍(lán)的是我的。 2) He likes _ pen. He doesnt like_. = He doesnt like _ pen. 他喜歡

4、我的鋼筆。不喜歡她的。 注意：在使用名詞性物主代詞時(shí)，必須有特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，也就是要省略的名詞大家已經(jīng)知道，已經(jīng)提起過(guò)。 例： Its hers. 是她的。 （單獨(dú)使用大家不知是怎么回事，不可以這樣用） There is a book. Its hers. 那有本書(shū)。是她的。 （先提及，大家才明白）,5,物主代詞,用所給代詞的正確形式填空。 1. These are _ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _ ( me ) cousin, Mary.

5、 5. Those children are _ ( I ) fathers students. 6. Do you know _ ( it ) name? 7. Thanks for helping _( I ). 8. _(Ann)mother is _(we) teacher.,6,指示代詞,表示那個(gè)、這個(gè)、這些、那些等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this，that，these，those等。如： That is a good idea.那是個(gè)好主意。,7,反身代詞,表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我們自己”、“你們自己”和“他們自己”等的代詞，叫做自身代詞，也稱為“反身代詞”。

6、,8,反身代詞,E.g. The door opened by itself. He lives all by himself in that large house. The children seem to be totally incapable of working quietly by themselves. Exam is not important in itself. You should blame yourself for the accident. She lost her temper, but soom came to herself.,9,相互代詞,表示相互關(guān)系的代

7、詞叫相互代詞，有each other 和one another兩組，但在運(yùn)用中，這兩組詞沒(méi)什么區(qū)別。 和s一起構(gòu)成定語(yǔ)。Each others one anothers 如： They love each other.他們彼此相愛(ài)。 Come over for a chat so we can catch up on each others news. They stood clasped in each others arms. They are listening to one anothers records.,10,不定代詞,不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常見(jiàn)的不定代詞有

8、all，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代詞，如anybody， something，no one。這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，但none和由some，any，no等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞只能作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；every和no只能作定語(yǔ)。如： - Do you have a car? -你有一輛小汽車(chē)嗎？- Yes，I have one.-是的，我有一輛。- I dont know any of them. 他們，我一個(gè)也不認(rèn)識(shí)。,11,疑問(wèn)代詞,疑問(wèn)代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等

9、。在句子中用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)代詞都可用作連接代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句） 如：Tell me who he is. 告訴我他是誰(shuí)。,12,關(guān)系代詞,關(guān)系代詞有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。它們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等；另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞（通稱為先行詞）。 如： He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那個(gè)人。,13,名詞所有格,名詞的格分為主格賓格和所有格。所有格是表示名詞所屬關(guān)系的形式，其構(gòu)

10、成有s所有格of所有格和雙重所有格三種形式。 s所有格 Philips new address Her sister-in-laws mother Workers resthome The teachers reading-room childrens books The womens movement Peoples republic of china wangs and zhangs rooms(各自的房間) Wang and zhangs room(共有的房間) The students and the teachers speeches (不地道) The students and t

11、eachers speeches(學(xué)生的發(fā)言和老師的發(fā)言) Johns wifes face(不地道) The face of Johns wife,14,名詞所有格,Of 所有格 The title of the thesis Some of the children The shooting of the animals A man of fifty A boy of royal blood A distance of 50 kilometers 在表示類(lèi)別時(shí)，S 所有格一般不能用of所有格代替：mens suits; a doctors degree; childrens books 表

12、示同位關(guān)系時(shí)，一般只用of所有格：the city of Beijing; the state of California 表示無(wú)生命的東西一般要用of所有格：the windonw of the house; the leaves of the tree; the future of the world; the development of science and technology,15,名詞所有格,雙重所有格 構(gòu)成： 名詞+of+名詞的所有格 Shes a teacher of my sons. 她是我兒子的一位老師。 An old acquaintance of my father

13、s visited our home yesterday.我父親的一位老熟人昨天到我家來(lái)過(guò)。 試比較： A portrait of my grandfathers我祖父繪制的、收藏的一幅畫(huà)像 A portrait of my grandfather 我祖父的畫(huà)像 An opinion of my sisters 我姐姐發(fā)表的看法 An opinion of my sister (他人)對(duì)我姐姐的看法,16,1. We asked John and Jerry, but _ of them could offer a satisfactory explanation. A. either B.

14、none C. both D. neither 2. Is your camera like Bills and Anns? No, but its almost the same as _ . A. her B. yours C. them D. their 3. Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after_ hes done for you. A. something B. anything C. all D. that 4. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Pe

15、ter made _ from some wood we had. A. it B. one C. himself D. another 5. Tom felt that he knew everybodys business better than they knew it_ . A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. himself 6. Playing tricks on others is _ we should never do. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 7. She do

16、esnt know anyone here. She has got_ to talk to. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one,17,8Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? _ way as you please. A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either 9I have done much of the work. Could you please finish _ in two days? Athe rest Bthe other Canoth

17、er Dthe others 10. I got the story from Tom and _ people who had worked with him. A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than 11. It is easy to do the repair. _you need is a hammer and some nails. A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything 12. - One weeks time has been wasted. I cant be

18、lieve we did all that work for _. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything 13. I had to buy _ these books because I didnt know which one was the best. A. both B. none C. neither D. all 14. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _ of them came. A. neither B. either C. none D. both,18,15. Theres _ cooking o