1、Signal transmission and signal transduction,Intercellular(1.在細(xì)胞間的) signal transmission,Chemical transmission Chemical signals Neurotransmitters:,Intercellular signal transmission,Chemical transmission Chemical signals Neurotransmitters(1.神經(jīng)傳遞素): Humoral(2.體液的; 由體液引起的)factors: Hormones(1.激素類) Cytokin

2、es(1.細(xì)胞活素) Bioactivators(1.生物活性劑),Intercellular signal transmission,Chemical transmission Chemical signals Neurotransmitters: Humoral factors: Gas: NO, CO, etc.,Intercellular signal transmission,Chemical transmission Chemical signals Receptors Membrane receptors Intracellular receptors,Intercellular

3、 signal transmission,Electrical transmission Gap junction,Transmembrane signal transduction(1.換能,轉(zhuǎn)換,變頻),Mediated by G protein-linked receptor Mediated by enzyme(1.酶)-linked receptor Mediated by ion(1.離子) channel,Transmembrane signal transduction,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994,G-prote

4、ins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells,Alfred G. Gilman,Martin Rodbell,The Discovery of G Proteins,Normal Lymphoma Cell,Mutated Lymphoma Cell,Activation and Inactivation of the G Protein,G-protein-coupled Receptors,Signaling molecules involved,(1) cAMP-PKA pathway (2) IP3

5、-Ca2+ pathway (3) DG-PKC pathway (4) G protein-ion channel pathway,Main signaling pathways,cAMP-PKA pathway Gs, Gi,(2) IP3-Ca2+ pathway: Gq (3) DG-PKC pathway: Gq,(4) G protein-ion channel pathway,Mediated by G protein-linked receptor Mediated by enzyme-linked receptor Mediated by ion channel,Transm

6、embrane signal transduction,(1) Tyrosine (1.酪氨酸(存在于許多蛋白質(zhì)中的親水氨基酸,對(duì)某些激素的合成很關(guān)鍵),Kinase Receptor,Insulin receptor(1.胰島素),Growth factor receptor,Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway,PTK: protein tyrosine kinase Ras: G protein.It consists of an a subunit, b subunit, and g subunit MAPKKK: MAPK k

7、inase kinase MAPKK: MAPK kinase MKP: MAPK phosphatases TF: tissue factor,(2) Receptor-associated tyrosine kinase,JAK stands for Janus kinase or Just Another Kinase JAK2=Tyrosine protein kinase 2,(3) Receptor guanylyl cyclase(1.【醫(yī)】鳥苷酰)(1.環(huán)化酶),Soluble GC,Mediated by G protein-linked receptor Mediated by enzyme-linked rece