1、The Subjunctive Mood,虛擬語氣,1,英語動詞有 種語氣 陳述語氣 祈使語氣 虛擬語氣,用來表示說的話不是事實，或者是不太可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。,三,2,虛擬語氣的應(yīng)用,A. 虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用 B. 虛擬語氣在某些從句中的應(yīng)用 C. 虛擬語氣在某些句型中的應(yīng)用,3,A. 虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用,4,條件句中虛擬語氣的考點 1、基本用法； 2、 混合條件句； 3、虛擬條件句的省略和倒裝 4、含蓄條件句;,5,主從句的謂語形式,時間,If 從句的謂語形式,主句的謂語形式,現(xiàn)在,過去,將來,did / were,had do

2、ne,would/could/should/might +V.(原),would/could/should/might+have+done.,1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do,would/could/should/might + V.(原),6,與現(xiàn)在事實相反：,did,be-were,should/would/could/might + do,7,與事實相反！,1) If he has time,he will go shopping tonight.,2) If I had time,I would visit you.,8,與過去事實相反,

3、had done,should/would/might/could +have +done,9,If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.,10,If you your father advice,had taken,You in the traffic jam now.,wouldnt have trapped,11,與將來事實相反,did/ were,should do,were to do,should/would/could/ might +do,12,表示與將來事實相反，條件狀語從句中的謂

4、語動詞一般過去時或should(were to) + 動詞原形，而主句中的謂語動詞則用would / should/ could might + 動詞原形。,13,明天要是周日的話，我們就不參加考試了。,If it should fail, I would try again.,要是失敗了，我會再試一次。,If it were Sunday tomorrow, we wouldnt have an exam.,14,主從句的謂語形式,時間,If 從句的謂語形式,主句的謂語形式,現(xiàn)在,過去,將來,did / were,had done,would/could/should/might +V.(原

5、),would/could/should/might+have+done.,1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do,would/could/should/might + V.(原),15,If虛擬句的省略和倒裝,16,如果條件狀語中有were, had, should時, 可以省略if倒裝成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他,Were I you, ,Had he been there yesterday, ,Should it snow tomorrow, ,If I were you, I would try it again.,

6、If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.,If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.,如果我是你，我會再試一次。,如果他昨天在那兒的話，他就會看那部電影了。,如果明天下雪，我們就不出去了。,17,4.If it _ _ (rain) tomorrow, we _(not go out). 5._(be) I in good health, I _ (go) with you tomorrow.,rained/ should rain/ were to rain,wo

7、uld not go out,Were,would/should go,18,含蓄條件句,19,有時 假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來，而是隱含在某些詞或短語中，如，otherwise, without, but for等，或者從上下文中表示出來，這種情況叫含蓄條件句，主句要用虛擬語氣。,20,Eg. Without /But for your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. 1.I was ill that day. 0therwise, I _ (take ) part in the sports meet. 2.I _

8、(give) you more help, but I was too busy. 3.A man who stopped drinking _ (be) dead in seven days. 4.But for water, it _ (be) impossible to live in the desert.,would have taken,might have given,would be,would be,21,This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. (條件暗含在分詞短語happening i

9、n wartime中),He studied hard at high school, or he couldnt have entered Beijing University. (暗含條件是連詞or),Alone, he would have been terrified. (暗含條件是alone),22,1. 條件暗含在短語中。如：,What would I have done without you? (條件暗含在分詞短語without you中),It would be easier to do it this way. (條件暗含在不定式短語to do it this way 中)

10、,But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含條件是but for your help),23,B. 虛擬語氣在某些從句中的應(yīng)用,24,虛擬語氣的?？夹问剑?25,一堅持,二命令,四建議,五要求,一 .名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣,26,insist,order / command,suggest / advise / propose / recommend,desire / demand / request / require / ask,名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣,should do! should do! sh

11、ould do!,27,1“堅持” insist 2“命令” order, command 3“建議” advise, suggest, propose, recommend 4“要求” ask, demand, require, request, desire + (that) sb (should) do . 或是 (that) sb / sth (should) be done,賓語從句,28,我們建議Tom 去休息一下。 他堅持要我與他同行。 他們要求派Tom去那兒工作。 老師要求作業(yè)要及時完成。,We suggested _ .,(that) Tom have a rest,He i

12、nsisted _ .,(that) I (should ) go with him,They requested (that) Tom _ .,(should) be sent to work there,The teacher asked (that) our homework _ .,(should) be finished in time,29,It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded that (should) do,It is suggested that we

13、 (should) practise reading English everyday.,(一). 主語從句,that不可省略,這些動詞相對應(yīng)的名詞性從句也用should do,30,The / Ones insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that (should) do,(二).表語從句,The suggestion given by our teacher is th

14、at we (should) practise reading English everyday.,that不可省略,31,a / the suggestion / request (等) that (should) do ,She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once. The teacher gives us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday.,(三）.同位語從句,that不可省略,32,Its suggested th

15、at the plan (should) be carried out at once . The old womans demand is that her son (should) come to see her once a week. We are in favor of the advice that the factory (should) be closed down.,主語從句,表語從句,同位語從句,33,He insisted that he was not a thief and that he be set free.,Her pale face suggested sh

16、e was ill.,注意：若insist表示“堅持說”，suggest 表示“表明了，暗示了”，后面是賓語從句用陳述語氣,他命令用專機送藥品。,34,35,(一) 兩個?？继摂M語氣句型,If it werent for, 要不是 (固定句式),與現(xiàn)在事實相反,If it hadnt been for,與過去事實相反,but for,二. 虛擬語氣特殊句型與固定句式,36,If it were not for lacking money, I would go travelling right now. = Were it not for lacking money, If it had no

17、t been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work yesterday. = Had it not been for your help , ,but for,but for,37,（二）If only ! 要是就好了,If only I were a bird! If only we had followed your advice! If only she would go with me!,與 wish 的賓語從句相似,only if 只要就，只有才,引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首，主句倒裝！倒裝！,Only if a teacher ha

18、s given permission is a student allowed to enter the room.,38,（三）猶如，好像，仿佛as if / as though,假設(shè)情況非事實時，用虛擬語氣。 若從句表示內(nèi)容為事實或很可能是事實，用陳述語氣： It looks as if we will be late.,試比較：,He walks as if he is drunk. He walks as if he were drunk.,他真的醉了。 他沒有醉。,It looks as if it is going to rain. It looks as if it were g

19、oing to rain.,快要下雨了。 不會下雨。,39,As if /as though在虛擬語氣中的用法,as if / as though,sb did （were） ,sb had done ,sb would /could do,現(xiàn)在,過去,將來,與 wish 的賓語從句相似,should,40,（四） 寧愿，但愿,would rather,寧愿，但愿,sb did ,與現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r相反,sb had done ,與過去情況相反,I would rather you returned me my money now.,I would rather we hadnt told he

20、r the bad news.,I would rather you came tomorrow.,41,sb did,sb should do,注意: should不能省略,(五) It is (high / about ) time (that) “是時候. (做某事)”,現(xiàn)在,將來,42,Its necessary / strange / natural (自然的, 理應(yīng)如此的) / important + that sb (should) do,（六）. 在表達驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的固定句式中常使用虛擬語氣,43,1). It is important that we _

21、( master 精通 ) a foreign language. 2). 真奇怪，她竟然拒絕來參加party。 Its _ that she _ to come to the party. 3). 鳥在樹上安歇 / 休息是很自然的。 It is _ that a bird _ in trees.,( should ) master,(should) refuse,strange,natural,(should) rest,44,三. 可用可不用虛擬語氣的情況,1. if 2. insist, suggest 3. as if/though,45,insist / suggest 各有兩種意思

22、，用不同的語氣,46,insist : “堅決/持要求做某事”用虛擬語氣 should do; insist : “堅持認為, 堅持說”用陳述語氣,The man in prison insisted that he _(do)nothing and _( be) set free. The patient insisted that he _(not be)ill and _ (not be) sent to the hospital.,He insisted that I had read his letter. He insisted that I should read his let

23、ter.,他堅持說我看過他的信。 他堅持要我看他的信。,had done,should be,wasnt,shouldnt be,47,suggest : “建議”用虛擬語氣，即should do; suggest : “表明、暗示”用陳述語氣,He suggests we should go at once. Her expression suggested she was very angry.,他提議我們馬上出發(fā). 她臉上的表情顯示她生氣了.,1. The teacher suggested that we _ (practise) more after class. 2. Her pa

24、le face suggests that she _ (be) ill today.,(should) practise,is,48,Whenapencilispartlyinaglassof water, itlooksasifit were broken. The dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.,as if / as though,49,6. It is strange that he _ (make) such a mistake. Thats unexpected. 7. It was re

25、quired that each student _ (bring) enough food on the trip. 8. My demand is that you _ (get )up at six. 9. He speaks as if he _(be) an Englishman. 10. They talked as if they _ (be) good friends for years.,should make,bring,(should) get,were,had been,50,Exercise,51,I advised that you _ the job as soo

26、n as possible . A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be raised. A should B would C must D could,52,3. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went B. wont go C. not go D. not to go,53,4.The teacher d

27、emanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished,54,5. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill . A be B was C should be D is 6.He insisted he _right. A. were B. was C. be D. is,55,7. He insisted that all of us _ (get) there on time by any

28、 means. 8. He insisted that he _ (not steal) the dimond, and that he should be set free.,(should) get,hadnt stolen,56,考題點擊 His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try,57,2. She made the demand that the journalists _at once for Iraq. A. leave B. leavi

29、ng C. left D. to be left,58,3.We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _. A. should put off B. was put off C. be put off D. is to put off,59,4. It is high time the child _ to the hospital. A. is sent B. would be sent C. must be sent D. were sent,60,5. If only I _ driving before. A. had lear

30、ned B. learned C. learn D. would learn,61,6. I wish I _a bird. A is B were C will be D are 7. How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in the future . A had visited B would visit C visited D will visit,62,8. Id rather you _me the news. A. not tellB. not to tell C. didnt tellD. hadnt told,63,E.Exercises

31、,64,8.（安徽卷）It is lucky we booked a room, or we _nowhere to stay now. A. had B. had had C. would haveD. would have had,65,9.（江蘇卷） It might have saved me much trouble_ the schedule. A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known 10.(重慶卷)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway_ his famous

32、 novel A Farewell to Arms. A.Didnt write B. hadnt written C. wouldnt write D. wouldnt have written,66,13. If we _ a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked 14. -Do you think George has passed the driving test? -No. If so, he _ his car to our

33、 college yesterday. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven,【答案】D 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意：如果我們早點訂桌的話，我們就不可能在這里站著排隊了?？芍猧f從句是對過去的虛擬，用過去完成時態(tài)。,【答案】C 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意，如果這樣的話（喬治已經(jīng)通過駕照考試），他昨天就駕車來我們大學(xué)了，可知是對過去的虛擬。If so= If he had passed the driving test，主句使用情態(tài)動詞+ have done。故答案選C。,67,15. I should not h

34、ave laughed if I _ you were serious. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought 16. My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would,【答案】C 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。此處為if虛擬條件句，其主句使用的是should have done，可知是對過去的虛擬，故從句用過去完成時態(tài)表示對過去的虛擬。,【答案】A 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。題干關(guān)鍵詞為su

35、ggest，表示建議，其后所接的名詞性從句應(yīng)用“（should+）動詞原形”的虛擬語氣，故選A。,68,17. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he _ able to speak it much better now. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been 18. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old. A. wa

36、s B. be C. were D. is,【答案】B 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。此題為if虛擬條件句，從句時間為before，故是對過去的虛擬，用過去完成時態(tài)，主句時間為now，故是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，因此用情態(tài)動詞過去式后接動詞原形，答案為B。,【答案】B 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。題干關(guān)鍵詞為recommend，表示“推薦，建議”，后接賓語從句時應(yīng)用（should+）動詞原形的虛擬語氣，此處省去了should，故答案為B。,69,19. - It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella. - Yeah, we wou

37、ld have got wet all over if we _ . hadnt B. havent C. didnt D. dont 20. I _ to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone,【答案】A 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。虛擬條件句主句從句均為對過去的虛擬，if從句使用過去完成時態(tài)，故選A。,【答案】D 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意：昨晚我本想要去參加我表親的生日聚會，但我沒空。選項中能表示對過去虛擬的只有D答案：用情態(tài)動詞過去式后加have done表示。,70,高考鏈接2012,