1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣,The Subjunctive Mood,虛擬語(yǔ)氣 1） 概念 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。,2） 在條件句中的應(yīng)用 條件句可分為兩類(lèi)，一類(lèi)為真實(shí)條件句，一類(lèi)為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件從句中的用法 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it . 如果他昨天見(jiàn)到你，他會(huì)問(wèn)你這件事的。 If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the p

2、ark. 如果明天不下雨的話，我們就去公園。,虛擬語(yǔ)氣 陳述語(yǔ)氣,結(jié)論：條件句有兩類(lèi)，一類(lèi)是真實(shí)條件句，一類(lèi)是虛擬條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實(shí)條件句。在這種真實(shí)條年句中的謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。,在條件狀語(yǔ)從句和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示與事實(shí)相反的條件和結(jié)果。 1) 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反： If 主語(yǔ) , 主語(yǔ) +V原 2)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反： If 主語(yǔ)had Ved ,主語(yǔ) +have Ved 3)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反： If 主語(yǔ) , 主語(yǔ) +V原,were V-ed,should (would could, might),should (would could, might),should we

3、re to,should (would could, might),1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果 eg.If I were you ,I would go at once. 我是你的話，我會(huì)馬上走。 eg.If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥在這兒，一切都沒(méi)問(wèn)題了。,Translation: 1、如果他有時(shí)間，他就會(huì)（可能）和你去。 eg.If he had time,he would /could/might go with you. 2、要是我是你，我就會(huì)（可能）對(duì)他說(shuō)實(shí)話。 eg.If I were

4、 you ,I should/woud/could/might tell him the truth.,注：主句中should只用于第一人稱(chēng)，從句中的should可用于任何人稱(chēng)。,2.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)或結(jié)果 eg.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would/could/might have met the famous singer. 如果你早來(lái)幾分鐘的話，你就會(huì)（可能會(huì)）見(jiàn)到那個(gè)著名歌唱家。 eg.if I had had the money last week, I should /would/could/might have

5、bought a car. 如果我上星期有了這筆錢(qián)，我就會(huì)（可能）買(mǎi)1輛車(chē)。,Translation: 1、要是她早來(lái)五分鐘，她就能趕上早班車(chē)了。 eg.If she had come five minutes earlier,she would have caught the early bus. 2、如果你昨天在這里，昨天他就能找到你了。 eg.If you had been here, he would have found you yesterday.,3、表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果 eg.If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to s

6、ee you. 明天要是天氣好的話，我來(lái)看你。 If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 假如天下雨，莊稼就一定（有可能）得救。 如果今晚下雪，他們將不出去了。 If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out .,4、主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間不一致的情況。 有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和主句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。 eg.If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果

7、你當(dāng)初聽(tīng)了醫(yī)生的話，身體現(xiàn)在就好了。（從句動(dòng)作指過(guò)去，主句動(dòng)作指現(xiàn)在）。 eg.If you had practised speaking English more , you would be able to speak it fluently. 如果你多練習(xí)講英語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在就能講得很流利了。,5.虛擬條件句可以轉(zhuǎn)換的形式 （1）省略連詞if 在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，如果虛擬條件句中有were,had或should，可以把if省略，而把這幾個(gè)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。 Were I you (If I were you ), I would not do it 我要是你，就不做這事 Should he

8、come(If he should come),tell him to ring me up. 他要是來(lái)了，讓他給我打個(gè)電話。,( 2 )用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句 Without air (If there were no air), there would be no living things. 如果沒(méi)有空氣的話，就不會(huì)有生物了。 But for your help(If it hadnt been for your help)I couldnt have done it. 要不是你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事。,Subjunctive Mood,虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件主從復(fù)合句中 1. I _

9、 (come)too if I had time to spare. 2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ (come), she would have met my brother. 3. If the hurricane had happened during the daytime,there_ (be)more deaths.,should come,had come,would have been,4.If it_ (rain) tomorrow,we _ (not go out). 5._(be) I in good

10、 health, I _ (go) with you tomorrow. eg. Had you told me earlier, I could have done something. Should anyone call, tell him to call in the afternoon.,rained/should rain/were to rain,should not go out,Were,would go,虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法,在It is important(strange, natural, necessary) that句型里 that所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

11、常用 （ should ） +動(dòng)詞原形,It is important that every member(should) know these rules. 重要的是每個(gè)成員知道這些規(guī)則。,It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 有必要馬上派他到那里去。 It is very strange that she ( should) have left without saying goodbye. 她不辭而別，真讓人奇怪。,( 2 ) It is said/ reported/ known/ hoped+that clau

12、se It is decided (has been decided)that the meeting (should)be postponed延期 till tomorrow,1. It is strange that he _(make) such a mistake. Thats unexpected. (necessary,important,impossible,natural, surprising,a pity etc.) 2. It was required that each student _ (bring) enough food on the trip. (ordere

13、d,suggested,demanded,desired, etc.),(should) make,(should) bring,虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法：,在suggest建議, propose建議, demand要求/需要， request要求/請(qǐng)求, desire請(qǐng)求/期望，order命令, command命令, insist堅(jiān)持等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“( should )+動(dòng)詞原形”，表建議、要求、命令。,eg.I suggest that we ( should ) set off at once. 我建議馬上動(dòng)身。,另外： wish+賓語(yǔ)從句：表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，表示

14、“但愿.； 就好了；可惜；多好 （1）表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。 I wish (that) I were young again. 要是我能返老還童就好了。 I wish I were ten years younger. 我但愿自己能年輕10歲。,（2）表示過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had done / would(could)+have done We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 我們要是早兩個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)那兒就好了。 （3）表示將來(lái)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would(could)+動(dòng)原/w

15、ere to +動(dòng)原 I wish I could fly to the moon one day. 但愿將來(lái)某一天我能飛上月球。,He is not a pilot, but he wishes he_ (be). I wish I _(meet)him yesterday. I wish it _(be) fine tomorrow. He ordered the work _ (start) at once. 5. Id rather you _(stay) at home all day today.,were,had met,would be,(should ) be started

16、,stayed,虛擬語(yǔ)氣在同位語(yǔ)從句中的用法,demand ，suggestion, proposal等同位從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即: ( should ) + 動(dòng)詞原形,eg.The suggestion that the plan ( should ) be delayed延遲 will be discussed tomorrow. 推遲那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的建議將在明天討論。,虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法 （1）由as if 或as though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句表示比較或方式時(shí) He treats me as if I were a stranger. She talked about the f

17、ilm as if she had really seen it .,結(jié)論：從句謂語(yǔ)形式為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be用were）/“ had+過(guò)去分詞”/would/could +v。,IV.在表語(yǔ)從句或方式狀從中,1. My demand is that you_ (get up)at six. 2. He speaks as if he _(be) an Englishman. 3. They talked as if they _(be) good friends for years.,(should) get up,were,had been,(2)在in order that或 so tha

18、t引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形 Mr Green spoke slowly so that this students could/might hear clearly. 在in case , for fear (that),lest以免，萬(wàn)一等引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形 She took her raincoat with her in case/for fear that /lest he should be caught in the rain. Remind me of it in case I should fo

19、rget.,（3）在帶有even if /even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句 Even if Lin Tao were here, I should say the same thing . Even though he had been ill, he would have gone to his office.,結(jié)論：主句和從句都用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，動(dòng)詞形式與含有非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣相同。,虛擬語(yǔ)氣在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法 It is (about/high)time +過(guò)去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形 It is time that we went /should go home.

20、我們?cè)摶丶伊恕?It is high time that you went/should go to bed. 你早該睡覺(jué) 了。,虛擬語(yǔ)氣其它常見(jiàn)句式 (1) If only(要是就好了）的用法： 現(xiàn)在：動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式 過(guò)去：動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí) 將來(lái)：動(dòng)詞用would/could+動(dòng)詞原形 If only I could learn English well in one day.現(xiàn)在 If only I had not been late for the interview.過(guò)去 If only he would reply to my letter.將來(lái),（2）would rather(寧愿，

21、寧可）的用法 現(xiàn)在：動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式 過(guò)去：動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成 I would rather she were not present. 我寧可她不在場(chǎng)。（事實(shí)上她在場(chǎng)） I would rather he had told me the truth. 我寧可他告訴我事實(shí)真相。（事實(shí)上他沒(méi)告訴我真相）,VI.在其他句型中,Even if he _(be) here, he couldnt solve the problem. Without air, there _(be) no living things. But for your help, I _ (not, do) it. If only I

22、 _(take) his advice, but I didnt.,were,would be,couldnt have done,had taken,5. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _(come) to the meeting. 6. Look at the clock! Its(high) time we _(go) home.,would have come,went/should go,1. If we _ sooner, we might have got there. A. started B. had started C. would have started D. start 2. If he _ the detective honestly, he would