1、Grammar,Relative Clauses (I),1. 定義：,又稱形容詞性從句，在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞，起定語作用。,2. 先行詞：,被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。,3. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞：,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞。,定語從句,關(guān)系代詞,關(guān)系副詞,which, that, who, whom, whose等,where, why, when,在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語和表語,在定語從句中作狀語,Relative pronouns,Relative adverbs,關(guān)系代詞的用法,人；物,物,人,人,(人/物)的,主語,賓語,主語,賓語,主語,賓語,賓語,定語,作賓語可省,作賓語可省,作

2、賓語可省,可省,不可省,1. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓 語，做賓語時(shí)常可省略。 1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 2) He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 3) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4) The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.,2. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于

3、who或whom；指 物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中作 主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷?。 Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 2) The person that/whom you introduced to me is very kind. 3) The season that/which comes after spring is summer. 4) Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia.,3. who指人，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省 略） T

4、he boys who are playing football are from Class One. A person who steals things is called a thief. 4. whom指人，作賓語 (作賓語可省略，如 介詞提前則不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.,5. whose在定語從句中作定語，與后面的名 詞為所屬關(guān)系。 whose多指人，也可指 物，指物時(shí)可與of which互換使用。 1) He has a friend whos

5、e father is a doctor. 2) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 3) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? = Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?,Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in o

6、ur class?,He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.,that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般用that而不用which。,(1) 限制性定語從句中先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, little, some等不定代詞指物時(shí). Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in t

7、he world.,(2) There be句型中用that。 ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom. (3) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾。 This is the first book (that) he has read. This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. This is the first time (that) I am in Beijing.,(4) 先行詞是who或which引導(dǎo)的主句。 Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that brok

8、e the window will be punished? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?,(5) 當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物。 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. (6) 先行詞被all, every,

9、no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修飾。 Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the very book that belongs to him.,(1) 緊跟介詞作賓語 There are many trees under which they can have a rest. (2) 在非限制性定語從句中 Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over

10、 the world.,一般用which而不用that的情況。,1. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. (2006北京) A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; /,I. Multiple choice,2. Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. (2006福建) A. wh

11、ose B. which C. of which D. that 3. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. (2006浙江) A. of that B. of which C. that D. which,4. In an hour, we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. (2006上海) A. where B. when C. which D. what 5. We shouldnt spen

12、t our money testing so many people, most of _ are healthy. (2007北京) A. that B. which C. what D. whom,6. The thought of going back home was _ kept him happy while he was working abroad. (2007上海春) A. that B. all that C. all what D. which 7. We went through a period _ communications were very difficult

13、 in the rural areas. (2008上海) A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which,8. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (2009湖南) A. which B. of which C. that D. whose 9. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had

14、 ever met before. (2009全國I ) A. them B. who C. whom D. these,10. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. (2009天津) A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever 11. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. (2010全國II). A. who B. that C. as D. wh

15、at,12. Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (2010北京) A. what B. whose C. which D. that 13. Ive become good friend with several of the student in my school _ I meet in the English speech contest last year. (2010湖南) A. who B. where C. when D. which,14. The new

16、ly built caf, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (2010江蘇) A. that B. it C. what D. which 15. Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. (2010山東) A. that B. which C. whose D. what,16. The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. (2010陜西) A. where B. which C. its D. whose 17. In China, the number of cities increasing _ development is recognized across the world. (2010重慶) A. where B. which C. whose D. that,18. The settlement is home to nearly