1、English College,Chinese-English TranslationLecture 5 Division & Condensation,Lecturer：Echo,Part 1,New Translation Strategy: Division,What is division?,Definition of Division: Picking out words, phrases or clauses and make them into Chinese word-groups, clauses or sentences, coordinate(并列句) or subord

2、inate(從句).,A Picking Out of Words(拆譯單詞),There are three steps to deal with words: Determine which word(s) to pick out Apply Conversion or Addition, if necessary, to make the translated version smooth and well-connected Rearrange the word order according to the Chinese mode of Expression.,1將原句中的名詞分譯成

3、單獨(dú)的句子,1The dust, the uproar and the growing dark threw everything into chaos. 煙塵滾滾，人聲嘈雜，夜色漸深。一切都處于混亂之中。 2She left home a child and came back a mother of three children. 她離家時(shí)還是個(gè)孩子，回來(lái)時(shí)卻已是一位三個(gè)孩子的母親了。,2. 將原句中的動(dòng)詞分譯成單獨(dú)的句子,1The town boasts a beautiful lake. 鎮(zhèn)上有一個(gè)美麗的湖，人人以此為傲。 2Nowadays environment protectio

4、n has been considered a crucial problem. 如今，人們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到，環(huán)境保護(hù)是一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的問(wèn)題。,3將原句中的形容詞分譯成單獨(dú)的句子,1His announcement got a mixed reaction . 他的聲明引起了反響，有好有壞。 2That guy was the most identifiable fox. 一眼就能看出，那家伙是頭老狐貍。 3Buckley was in a clear minority. 巴克利屬于少數(shù)派，這是明擺著的事實(shí)。,4. 將原句中的副詞分譯成單獨(dú)的句子,1He unnecessarily spent a l

5、ot of time introducing this book. 他花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間介紹這本書(shū)，其實(shí)沒(méi)有必要。 2She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking. 她為她高超的烹調(diào)技術(shù)自豪，這是情有可原的。,1將原句中的名詞短語(yǔ)分譯成單獨(dú)的句子,原句中的名詞短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)等有時(shí)都可以分譯成單獨(dú)的句子，使得譯文更為流暢，重點(diǎn)更為突出。 1I cannot see my grandfather again, a regretful thing. 我再也不能見(jiàn)到我的祖父了。這是多么遺憾的事。 2The wrong power-line co

6、nnections will damage the motor. 如果把電線(xiàn)接錯(cuò)，就會(huì)損壞電動(dòng)機(jī).,2將原句中的分詞短語(yǔ)分譯成單獨(dú)的句子,分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的一大特色，漢語(yǔ)中卻不存在這樣的情況。因此，在翻譯過(guò)程中，通常需要采用分句法將分詞短語(yǔ)分譯成一句單獨(dú)的句子。 1Not knowing what to do, I telephoned the police. 因?yàn)椴恢撛趺醋觯掖螂娫?huà)報(bào)了警。 2. Liu Xiang broke the Olympic record of 110 metres hurdles set by Allen Johnson in 2004. 200

7、4年，劉翔打破了110欄的奧運(yùn)記錄。該記錄是由阿蘭約翰遜創(chuàng)造的。,3將原句中的介詞短語(yǔ)分譯成單獨(dú)的句子。,1The machine is working none the worse for its long service. 這部機(jī)器并不因使用的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)而性能變差了。（原因狀語(yǔ)從句） 2. He is a man with many grey hairs,with a heavy burden of responsibility, of thoughts and worries. （ ） 他已是長(zhǎng)了許多灰發(fā)，肩負(fù)重任，心中充滿(mǎn)思考和憂(yōu)慮的人。 他鬢發(fā)斑白，肩負(fù)重任，思緒萬(wàn)千，焦慮滿(mǎn)懷。,III

8、句子的分譯 1將簡(jiǎn)單句分譯成兩個(gè)或更多獨(dú)立的句子。,1Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle. 黎明時(shí)分，大霧彌漫，細(xì)雨蒙蒙。 2It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterfiles coming down can make it. 綠草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩， 這日子是如此清新可愛(ài),2. 并列句的分譯。,常見(jiàn)的并列連詞有and, or, so, but, yet, for, however, then等。在翻譯實(shí)踐中，并列句常常在各分句連接

9、處加以切分，譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子. 1Unfortunately, the want of the family had kept him from school and he seemed to feel the loss. 不幸的是，他因家境貧寒不能上學(xué)。他似乎痛切地感受到這種損失。 （在and處切分） 2I must be off now, or Ill be late for school. 我得走了，不然上學(xué)要遲到的。 （在or處切分）,3. 復(fù)合句的分譯。,英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。在翻譯實(shí)踐中，常采用分句法來(lái)翻譯復(fù)合句，在關(guān)聯(lián)詞處加以切分，將從句分譯成單

10、獨(dú)的句子。 1I told the news to Robert, who told it to his friend Larry, and soon the news spread all over the campus. 我把消息告訴了羅伯特，他又告訴了他的朋友萊里，消息很快在校園里傳開(kāi)了。（在who前切分） 2There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met. 我訪(fǎng)問(wèn)過(guò)一些地方，遇到不少人，要談起來(lái)，奇妙的事可多著呢。（在兩個(gè)省略了關(guān)聯(lián)詞的定語(yǔ)從句前切分）,VI

11、分句法在漢譯英中的應(yīng)用,1他為人單純而坦率。 He was very clean. His mind was open. 2少年時(shí)光是一去不復(fù)返的，等到年老時(shí)再后悔就來(lái)不及了。 Youth will soon be gone，never to return. And it will be too late for you to regret when you are old.,English College,New Translation Strategy,Condensation,What is condensation?,Definition of Condensation: A tech

12、nique employed to achieve conciseness and contractedness in translation. Condense: a phrase a word a clause a word-group a complex/compound sentence a simple sentence two or more simple sentences one simple sentence Condensation and division are usually together in use.,合句法 I簡(jiǎn)單句與簡(jiǎn)單句的合并,在英譯漢中，有時(shí)會(huì)把原文中

13、的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句合并成一個(gè)句子，這樣能使譯文更為簡(jiǎn)潔明了. 1She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems. 她很有才智、雄心勃勃、工作努力，還善于解決問(wèn)題。（兩句合一） 2The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a sofa. She was near too tired, barely able to move her feet. 門(mén)沒(méi)鎖上，她走了進(jìn)去，在沙發(fā)上坐下，極度的疲憊幾乎使她無(wú)力挪動(dòng)雙腳。（

14、三句合一）,II. 并列句和并列句的合并,1并列句的合并。有時(shí)候可以將并列句合并成一個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子。如： 1）Neither has Mary wanted to rent a house，nor does her husband 瑪麗和她丈夫都不想租房子。 2）Tom has gone to New York and hasnt come back yet. 湯姆去了紐約還沒(méi)回來(lái)。,2.復(fù)合句的合并,在翻譯中，有時(shí)可以把原文中的主從復(fù)合句合譯成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。常見(jiàn)于定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯中，即將定語(yǔ)從句翻譯成一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，放在被修飾名詞之前。 1He is not the one who will give

15、up easily. 他不是一個(gè)輕易服輸?shù)娜恕?2Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing. 我們兩國(guó)是友誼長(zhǎng)存的友好鄰邦。,1這項(xiàng)工作太難了，你干不了。 The work is too hard for you to accomplish. (兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并成一個(gè)單句) 2我已了解清楚，他的結(jié)論是以事實(shí)為依據(jù)的。 I have made it clear that his conclusion is based on the fact. (兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并成一個(gè)帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句) 3我們可得出這

16、樣的結(jié)論：公司的新計(jì)劃是會(huì)取得成功的。 We can draw the conclusion that our companys new plan will be a success. (兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并成一個(gè)帶有同位語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句),III. 合句法在漢譯英中的應(yīng)用。,Assignments,Condensation: 1 We have so often seen exciting stories about gun battles in Chicagos streets. We forget how frequently such crimes and disorders happen i

17、n cities that are as big and busy as Chicago. 2 Suddenly he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. 3 Now, a rough strategic balance has evolved between East and West. More nations have the technical ability to produce advanced weapons. Many others have amassed huge arsenals.,Exercises,Division: 1 A beautifully situated park on the lakes shore provides a perfect spot to savor an ice cream while watching the boats darting about on the bay or the exciting arriv