1、,2015年高考英語(yǔ)備考分享,Name: Amanda,2015年高考英語(yǔ)備考分享,2015年高考英語(yǔ)備考分享,2015年高考考綱的三個(gè)變化,如何得天下: 閱讀；完型提分策略,來(lái)自“戰(zhàn)友”的問(wèn)候和分享,考綱解讀：三方面變,詞匯量增加到3500左右。,增加了閱讀中對(duì)詞義推斷的要求,改變語(yǔ)法填空題中所填詞數(shù)的要 求并把樣題變更為2014年高考卷真題。,1詞匯量增加到3500左右。 考生要分清以下三個(gè)概念：1.課標(biāo)詞匯。2.考試大綱中所列詞匯。3.考試說(shuō)明中所列詞匯。以往課標(biāo)詞匯是大于考試大綱所列詞匯，而考試大綱所列詞匯又大于考試說(shuō)明所列詞匯。2015年命題詞匯量增加到3500個(gè)左右，意味著考綱詞匯

2、和考試說(shuō)明詞匯的增加。同時(shí)更正原來(lái)的少量錯(cuò)誤或完善個(gè)別詞匯標(biāo)注。,2增加了閱讀中對(duì)詞義推斷的要求。 在語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用部分對(duì)閱讀的能力要求中，將原來(lái)的“根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義”改為“根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語(yǔ)的含義”。由此看出，考試中“詞句猜測(cè)題”的難度會(huì)加大，尤其會(huì)加大考生對(duì)單詞和短語(yǔ)在具體語(yǔ)境中特殊含義的考查力度。正確理解文章中單詞或短語(yǔ)的含義是理解文章的第一步，不懂單詞含義根本就談不上理解文章。但英語(yǔ)單詞的含義并非完全等同于詞典中所標(biāo)注的漢語(yǔ)意思，其含義隨不同的語(yǔ)境會(huì)有所不同。能根據(jù)上下文正確理解靈活變化的詞義，才算是真正初步具備了一定的閱讀理解能力。正所謂“詞本無(wú)意，意隨文生”。此外，閱讀文章

3、時(shí)，常常會(huì)遇到一些過(guò)去未見(jiàn)過(guò)的詞，但許多這類生詞的詞義可以通過(guò)上下文推斷出來(lái)。這種不使用詞典而通過(guò)閱讀上下文來(lái)推斷生詞含義的能力，是一個(gè)合格的讀者所必須具備的能力。,3改變語(yǔ)法填空題中所填詞數(shù)的要求并把樣題變更為2014年高考卷真題。 2014年的考試說(shuō)明中首次出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法填空新題型，當(dāng)年的做題要求是“閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式”，今年的考試說(shuō)明中對(duì)該題語(yǔ)言材料空白處所需填寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容要求更改為“1個(gè)單詞”（其余內(nèi)容未變）。要特別注意的是：這僅對(duì)未提供單詞的空白處所填單詞作出了明確的詞數(shù)限制（只能填入1個(gè)單詞）。但是，對(duì)于提供單詞的空白處，要求填寫(xiě)所提

4、供單詞的正確形式。這樣的空白涉及所供單詞的詞形變化和詞的用法，其正確形式有些只填寫(xiě)一個(gè)單詞，有些需要填寫(xiě)一個(gè)以上的單詞。因此，如果把考試說(shuō)明中對(duì)語(yǔ)法填空題詞數(shù)的限制僅僅理解為“10個(gè)空白處都只能填1個(gè)單詞”，這是片面的?？荚囌f(shuō)明的樣題是2014年考試的原題，在10空中，括號(hào)內(nèi)提供單詞有7個(gè)，沒(méi)有提供單詞需要自己寫(xiě)出單詞的有3個(gè)。所給答案中有9個(gè)空只填了1個(gè)單詞，但有1個(gè)填了tostop?？梢?jiàn)，要求填“1個(gè)單詞”的空白是沒(méi)有提供單詞的空白，提供單詞的空白是要“填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式”，這個(gè)正確形式就不會(huì)全部都是“1個(gè)單詞”了。,閱讀理解得天下,閱讀理解考你什么？,閱讀理解考你什么？,閱讀理解并

5、不是考你閱讀文章之后答出五道題而是通過(guò)五道題看你能否讀懂這篇文章,閱讀理解考你什么？,閱讀理解并不是考你閱讀文章之后答出五道題而是通過(guò)五道題看你能否讀懂這篇文章,讀懂什么？,1 主題 文章主題和段落主題 2重點(diǎn) 關(guān)鍵信息句,閱讀理解中有三種信息,1有效信息： 2干擾信息： 3無(wú)效信息：,主題；重點(diǎn),和錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)；應(yīng)盡量少讀,非重點(diǎn),閱讀理解,=讀懂一篇文章,=讀懂有效信息,=抓主題+找重點(diǎn),=有些信息是不用讀的！,閱讀理解做錯(cuò)只有兩個(gè)原因,1.讀多了 閱讀理解唯一需要讀懂的就是-主題句和重點(diǎn)信息 2.想多了 閱讀理解唯一正確的思維-同義替換思維,在使用閱讀技巧時(shí) 盡量做到以下幾點(diǎn)：,1.帶著

6、問(wèn)題閱讀短文。 2.找出主題句、確定中心思想。 3.推斷單詞、句子和文章的含義。 4.盡快選擇答案。,主旨大意型,事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型,詞 義 猜 測(cè) 型,命 題 類,推 理 判 斷 型,1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar- ise the main idea of this text? 3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4)Which is the subject discussed in the text? 6)

7、Whats the best title for this passage?,主旨大意題的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式:,主旨大意題解題方法與步驟：,主旨大意題指針對(duì)段落或短文的subject(主題)、main idea(主題思想)、title(題目)或purpose(目的)擬題。 1看文章首尾和各段開(kāi)頭，找出主題句或通過(guò)瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨。 2以掌握主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語(yǔ)氣或意圖等其他深層次問(wèn)題。,主旨大意題,干擾項(xiàng) 可能是文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。,干擾項(xiàng) 可能是從文中某些 (不完全的) 事 實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。,干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。,(正確答案) : 據(jù)文章全面

8、理解 而歸納概括出來(lái)的；不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過(guò)其實(shí)或以偏概全。,閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練,Basic Training,-主旨大意題,Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cast American autowor

9、kers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能滿足的）society.,練習(xí)題,細(xì)節(jié)題,解釋,Question:

10、Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph A. GM is one of the largest car producers. B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia. C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers. D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is

11、terrible for American autoworkers.,文章,解釋,【解析】答案為C。take sth. away of sb.和 cast sb. Sth是同義詞替換。 本段落以一、二句引出要表達(dá)的主題，在主題句出現(xiàn)后，再舉例子陳述細(xì)節(jié)或繼續(xù)論證。 尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和歸納分析)一般都用來(lái)表示一個(gè)段落的主旨大意。,文章,文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問(wèn)題常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，所提問(wèn)題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。,提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞常有：what, who, wh

12、ich, where, how, why 等。,事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型,解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。,1）Which of the following statement is true? 2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? 3）The author ( or the passage) states that_. 4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?,在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特

13、定細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題常有以下幾種命題方式：,事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題,干擾項(xiàng) 范圍過(guò)大、過(guò)小 。,干擾項(xiàng) 偷換概念。,干擾項(xiàng) 正誤并存，某個(gè)分句是正確的。,解題方法 : 原文定位法。 1. 抓住問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞，迅速回到原文中找到這一細(xì)節(jié) 2.把細(xì)節(jié)所在段落仔細(xì)閱讀一遍，與所給選項(xiàng)核對(duì)，分析，判斷，得出答案,閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練,Basic Training,-事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型,Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90.,Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the

14、 chart above? A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requi

15、res nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.,解釋,文章,A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275,Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of f

16、ood is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows,練習(xí)題,解釋,第三節(jié),【解析】答案為 D 。 根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，計(jì)算公式為： (90-35)51=275 【解析】答案為 C 。 根據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗(yàn)證A、B、C、D 四個(gè)答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很易找

17、出 C 符合圖表內(nèi)容。,文章,猜測(cè)詞義題,猜測(cè)詞義常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題形式 (1)The word “” in Line means/can be best replaced by (2)As used in the passage, the phrase “” suggests (3)From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase “” is/refers to (4)The word “” is closest in meaning to ,a. 定義法,It will be very hard but also very brittle.tha

18、t is, it will break easily. 從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。,b. 同位法,They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 同位語(yǔ)部分a large building in old times 給出了 castle 的確切詞義，即“城堡”。,c. 對(duì)比法,She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her fi

19、rst class. but一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一節(jié)上了一半才來(lái)”，因此反向推理，可得出她平時(shí)一向“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”的結(jié)論。,閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練,Basic Training,-詞義猜測(cè)型,Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. modern C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the

20、 urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(應(yīng)得的，值得的).,解 釋,第四節(jié),解 釋,這段文字中講到加納這個(gè)國(guó)家中 的大多數(shù)婦女，受過(guò)教育的 （educated）和沒(méi)有受過(guò)教育的 （

21、illiterate）；住在城市的 （urban）和住在農(nóng)村的（rural），年輕的（young）和年長(zhǎng)的（old）正好是一對(duì)對(duì)反義詞。因此選 C 項(xiàng)。,本題答案選C,透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)：領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、語(yǔ)氣及態(tài)度。,不要選擇表層信息,推理判斷型,忠實(shí)原文：據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對(duì)文中未明顯說(shuō)明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。,推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)）,既要求學(xué)生透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。,推理判斷型常見(jiàn)的命題方式有： The pas

22、sage implies (暗示) that_. We can conclude (得出結(jié)論) from the passage that_. Which of the following can be inferred (推論)? What is the tone (語(yǔ)氣) of the author ? What is the purpose (目的) of this passage? The passage is intended to _. Where would this passage most probably appear?,閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練,Basic Training,-推

23、理判斷型,Passage4 The concept (n. 觀念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 個(gè)人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.現(xiàn)在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our fr

24、eedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse

25、 to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，勞心的 ) lifestyle without any exercise.,練習(xí)題,解釋,P5,Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medi

26、cal knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health.,文章,解析：據(jù)前兩句可以得知，不良的選擇會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康狀況變壞，因此答案選 D 。選出的答案一定要在原文中找到依據(jù)或理由，不能只憑常識(shí)或自己主觀胡亂推測(cè)。,文章,研究近幾年高考閱讀理解試題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)命題者越來(lái)越注重考查學(xué)生把握全文及中心思想的能力及推理判斷能力，因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目更為重要的是: 主旨大意型 推理判斷型,summary,完型填空,1.詞匯 2.邏輯

27、,1.詞匯,In the summer of 2005 when I was 18 ,I received the phone call which made that dream a (40)-;I became a member of the company. A.symbol B.memory C.truth D.reality,答案；D,It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team.At first I thought it was a crazy（39）-. 39 A.idea B.plan C.belief D.saying,idea: a plan or suggestion for a possible course of action especially one that you think of suddenly .,plan:sth that you have decided to do.,belie