1、The subjunctive mood 虛擬語氣,語氣,英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來表示。,虛擬語氣,虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設、猜測、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。,虛擬語氣的概念,一、虛擬語氣在條件句中,If+主語+動詞的過去式 （動詞be用were),主語+should,would, might,could動詞 原形,If+主語+had +過去分詞,主語s

2、hould, would, might, could have done,1、If+主語+動詞過去式 2、If+主語+were to+ 動詞原形 3、If+主語+should +動詞原形,主語should, would might, could動詞 原形,eg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.,如果我是你，我就會努力學習,如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就

3、給他打電話了,如果明天下雨的話，我們會取消比賽,If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.,If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.,If it should were to rain, we would call off the match.,More practice:,使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點：,當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為：錯綜時間條件句“，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應的調(diào)整,If you had

4、followed my advice , you would be better now.,If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.,如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會痊愈了,如果你努力學習的話，你現(xiàn)在就會是大學生了,省略句 在條件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式,If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. If y

5、ou had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.,二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運用,（1）用于賓語從句,、wish 后面的賓語從句中。 一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動詞形式為：,表現(xiàn)在過去時 表過去過去完成時 表將來would, might

6、, could動詞原形,I wish (that) I were a bird. I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I wouldcould go.,2.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。,insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.,We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.,They insisted th

7、at the boy (should) go with them.,注意：suggest 當表示“暗示、表明“講時，insist 表示”堅持認為“之意時，應用陳述語氣。,The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.,The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.,他臉上的表情表明他對我們的工作很滿意,那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢,在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / reques

8、t 等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should動詞原形”should可以省略,（2）用于表語從句和同位語從句,My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.,My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.,We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.,A.在句型 “It is important (necessary,

9、 strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用： should + 動詞原形 我們有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 2 她這樣做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so. 3 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient.,（3）虛擬語氣在 在主語從句中,B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/re

10、quired. that-clause句型中從句用(should )+動詞原型 It is demanded that we should work out a plan.,C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that.句型中從 句也常用(should )+動詞原型 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.,1. It is (high / about ) time that從句中的謂語動詞用過去式或should動詞原形，should不能省略,三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中,It is high time

11、that you went / should go to school.,2. If only 引導的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊)表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應用過去式; 如果是過去的情況,應用過去完成時態(tài),If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday!,3. would rather + 從句動詞用過去式或過去完成時,I would rather you told me the truth. I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.,4. as if ( as though

12、) 看起來常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；與過去事實相反用過去完成式 (had done).,He treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son.,He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it,5. even if ( even though)即使,Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.,Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.,四 情態(tài)動詞+ ha

13、ve done could have done 本來可以- - - might have done 本來可能 - - - should / ought to have done 本來應該做 - - - shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不該做 - - 你本不應該告訴她真相。 You shouldnt have told her the truth . neednt have done 本不必做 - - - 比較：didnt need to do 沒必要做也沒有做 - - - 我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了 I didnt need to clean the wi

14、ndows . My brother did it. would have done 本來會去做-,我沒有足夠的錢否則我會買那本書的,I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.,Choose the best answer: It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would 2. He gave orders that the experiment _ b

15、efore 5:30pm. A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished 3.He _ you more help,even though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C.may have given 4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no New China. A.would be B. has been C. should be D.was,C,A,A,A,5. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone 6. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be s