1、.,Grammar,The Attributive Clause,(關(guān)系代詞之基本用法),.,The Attributive Clause（定語從句） 1. 概念: 在復(fù)合句中， 修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫做定語從句。 被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。,She is an English teacher who likes traveling.,定語從句,關(guān)系詞,先行詞,結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句,.,She is an English teacher who likes traveling.,定語從句,關(guān)系詞,先行詞,結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句,關(guān)系詞

2、:1.關(guān)系代詞: 2.關(guān)系副詞:,whichthat、whowhomwhose when wherewhy,2.關(guān)系詞的三大作用：,1）. 連接主從句 2）. 替代先行詞（關(guān)系詞=先行詞） 3）. 在從句中做成分,意 義,.,.,關(guān)系代詞- that,that : 既可指人，也可指物，在定語 從句中作主語/賓語,且作賓語時可省略., A plane is a machine that can fly., The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious., Who is the man that is reading a book ?, The girl (

3、that) we saw yesterday was Betty.,.,關(guān)系代詞- which,which: 指物,在定語從句中作主語 or賓語，作賓語時可省略.,I lost the book which you gave me.,This is our school which is very beautiful.,.,(一)只能用that不能用which, 當先行詞是不定代詞時 all/none/anything/nothing/ everything All that can be done must be done. We should make use of everything

4、that is useful.,.,(一)只能用that不能用which的情形,當先行詞被 all/little/few/much/some/any/no/every 修飾時 All the students that are studying in our class are from Guangdong province.,.,當先行詞被最高級、序數(shù)詞以及 the only / the very 修飾時 This is the only book that I can find in my desk. He is the very guy that I want to talk to. T

5、he first thing that you should do is to eat sth.,(一)只能用that不能用which,., 當主句前以which / who 開頭 的特殊疑問詞時 (避免重復(fù)) Who is the girl that is standing over there? Which ball is the one that belongs to Mike?,(一)只能用that不能用which的情形,.,(一)只能用that不能用which,5 當先行詞同時指物和人時, 只能用that. We are talking about the people and th

6、e things that we have visited in the county.,.,Summary: 只能用that的情況,1. 先行詞既有指人又有指物 2. 當先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級時， 有the only, the very 等修飾時 3. 先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing等不定代詞時 4. 主句是以who/which開頭的特殊疑問句時,.,(二)只能用which不能用that, which可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 ， that不能 The recorder ,which I paid 200 dollars, pro

7、ves to be very useful. Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.,., which之前可以有介詞，而that不能 I will never forget the school in which we studied together. This is the question about which they are discussing.,(二)只能用which不能用that的情形,.,who: 指人，在定語從句中作主語，或賓語 做主語不能省略,關(guān)系代詞- who, Many people who died in the ea

8、rthquake were children., The person who has little hair is Mr. Zhang.,.,(二)只能用who不能用that, 先行詞是one, ones, those, anyone,he He who doesnt work hard will not pass the exam.,.,whom: 指人，在定語從句中作賓語; 作及物動詞賓語可省略, 但在介詞后不可省略。,關(guān)系代詞- whom,The girl (whom) you saw just now is my sister. The man whom you just talke

9、d to/with is Mr.Li. =The man to/with whom you just talked is Mr.Li.,類似的短語搭配有: talk about /take care of/ look for/look after/learn from/listen to等,.,(二)只能用whom不能用who,當關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時 The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.,.,(二)能位于介詞后的關(guān)系代詞,Which I will never forget the school in which we studied together. w

10、hom. The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.,.,關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時，要注意幾點： （1）Whom, which作介詞賓語時，介詞一般可以放在它們的前面，也可以放在從句原來的位置上，但是如果是固定詞組，不能把介詞和動詞拆開,There is a room,in which you can study. which you study in.,Rose is the student whom you should look after/take care of.,.,關(guān)系代詞who,which, that,在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必

11、須和先行詞保持一致。,Anyone who _ over 20 can join the army. I ,who _ your friend , will help you.,is,am,.,注意：作賓語時關(guān)系代詞可省。,1.The man who/ I met today told me to come back. 2.The girl whom / I met looks like Lily. 3.She is the person that / I want to see. The pen which / you lent me is lost.,4.The best work _ s

12、he wrote and _ I have read will be made into film. A which; that B that; that C that; / D / ; /,.,1. This is our monitor whose English is very good.,2. I borrowed a book from the library whose name is “War and Peace”.,whose : 既可指人也可指物, 在定語從句中作定語,關(guān)系代詞- whose,.,It is a poor dog. Its heart is broken. I

13、t is a poor dog whose heart is broken.,.,The man is shouting for help . His house is on fire .,The man whose house is on fire is shouting for help.,.,The girl is being taken to a hospital . Her leg broke in the earthquake .,The girl whose leg broke in the earthquake is taken to a hospital .,.,This i

14、s the book whose cover is blue.,This is the book of which the cover is blue.,This is the book the cover of which is blue.,I know the girl whose name is Mary.,I know the girl of whom the name is Mary.,I know the girl the name of whom is Mary.,.,總結(jié)：關(guān)系代詞的用法,who,/that,which,/that,who,/that,/whom,which,/

15、that,whose,whose,/,/,.,怎樣判斷用什么關(guān)系代詞,口訣: 前看先行詞, 辯清人或物 后看從句里, 有無主賓語,.,關(guān)于定語從句的難點,和出錯點.,1.定語從句的從句部分出現(xiàn)代替的內(nèi)容.,This is the book that I like it best.,2.插入語成分.,The beggar who I think is poor is in fact rich.,從句部分,.,定語從句中的主謂一致問題.,1.She is one of the girls who _ praised at the meeting. 2.She is the only one of

16、the girls who _ praised at the meeting. ( be ),are,is,5.在先行詞缺少的情況下,要用the one 來補充它的先行詞,然后確定它的關(guān)系詞,This is the factory _ I worked last year. This factory is _ I worked last year. This factory is _ I visited last year.,where/ in which,the one,where,the one,that/ /,.,6.與其他從句和句式的區(qū)別,與where 和 when 引導(dǎo)的 狀語從句的

17、區(qū)別.,區(qū)別的關(guān)鍵就是:是否有先行詞.,This is the school where I studied many years ago. There were a lot of sheep where I lived.,I will never forget the day when I first went to school.,We were about to start when it began to rain.,in which,on which,連詞; 在那里,連詞; 就在那個/就這個時候,.,Lets do some exercise!,.,1.The girl _is st

18、anding next to our teacher is her daughter. 2. The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer. 3. The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak English very well. 4. I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library. 5. I cant find the book _you lent to me.,who/that/,who/whom/that/,whose,which/

19、that,that/which/,鞏固練習： 用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空,.,1.This is all_I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whether 2.Is there anything else_you want? A.which B.that C.who D.what 3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D. it,Choose the best answers:,.,10. Please take the second c

20、hair_is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that,11.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B./ C.which D.it,12.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police（NMET98) A. which B. what C. whatever D. that,.,14. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in

21、 that C. the way which D. the way of which,.,15. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we expected. A. what B. which C. that D. it,.,1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C. whom D. this 2.I know the student _you borrowed the pen. A. that B. from whom C. f

22、rom which D. whom 3. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. which C. who D. whom 4. Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. that C. which D. /,練一練！,.,1.The man _ I saw told me to wait. 2.The man to _ I spoke was a foreigner. 3. I know a

23、boy _ father is an acrobat. (雜技演員) 4. He saw a house _ windows were all broken.,Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.,who,whom,whose,whose,whom,.,Lets do some exercise!,Make sentences with the expressions and pictures.,.,the ship/was the most beautiful in the world at that time,Titanic is the ship _ was the most beautiful in the word at that time.,whic